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We used global ratings to compare the family (parent[s]-child) interactions of 51 clinic-referred children with ADHD and 32 non problem children. Children and parent(s) were videotaped while engaging in problem solving and game playing activities. Independent coders, blind to children's diagnostic status, rated the interactions using measures designed to assess interaction competence and quality. Significant group differences emerged between the ADHD and control groups during problem solving on the interaction quality measures of Warmth, Engagement and Communication. Comparisons of the interactions of families of children with ADHD, with (ADHD W) and without (ADHD W/O) comorbid disruptive behavior disorders, were non significant, although increased symptomology was associated with reduced Warmth and Engagement during problem solving. Irrespective of group membership family interactions were more positive during game playing versus problem solving.

Objectives: Guidelines recommend parent management training in the multi-modal treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The availability of such interventions in Japan is limited. This study evaluated the effects of Well Parent Japan, a hybrid intervention including a group Japanese language adaptation of the New Forest Parenting Programme for ADHD (NFPP) augmented with strategies to improve parent's psychological wellbeing and enhance confidence in their ability to implement change. Methods: Mothers of children aged 6–12 years displaying marked symptoms of ADHD were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 28) or a waitlist control condition (n = 24). Measures were completed at baseline and again 14 weeks later. Parenting stress was the primary outcome. Other outcomes included maternal depression, parenting self-efficacy, reported and observed parenting behaviour, and maternal ratings of child ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms, and internalizing problems. Results: Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) compared the groups post intervention. Intervention mothers reported significantly less parenting stress, higher parenting self-esteem and use of more effective parenting strategies compared with controls, including a reduction in observed negative parenting, post intervention. These mothers also reported lower levels of child aggression and internalizing problems post intervention together with a trend (p < 0.05) toward reduced symptoms of inattention. Conclusions: Well Parent Japan is an effective psychosocial intervention for parents of children with ADHD in Japan. The group format and the session content is well tolerated. This is the first randomized control trial (RCT) of a psychosocial intervention targeting ADHD in Japan. Highlights: Well Parent Japan reduced mothers' parenting stress and increased their efficacy. Program completion also resulted in improvements in observed and reported parenting practices. Mothers reported reduced ADHD symptoms, aggression, and internalizing problems. Well Parent Japan offers an effective psychosocial intervention for ADHD in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine associations between children's temperament, parent–child goodness-of-fit, and the emotional content of parent–child conversations about past events. Fifty one New Zealand 5- and 6-year-old children and their parents discussed 4 emotional past events. Parents rated children's temperament along 15 dimensions associated with effortful control, extroversion, and negative affect. Parents then rated their own expectations of children's temperament, from which parent–child goodness-of-fit was assessed. Children rated as higher in effortful control were involved in more emotional past-event conversations. Children whose negative affect ratings corresponded more closely with parental expectations were also involved in more emotional conversations. Our findings provide preliminary support for an association between temperament and narrative content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]