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Introduction: acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the main cause of care in emergency departments. Isolation measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic could have changed the prevalence of viruses that cause ARI. Objective: to determine the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of viral agents in patients with ARI. Material and methods: an analysis was carried out of the emergency visits of pediatric patients with upper or lower respiratory symptoms, in whom virus detection was performed, during the period from 2019 to 2022. The study was carried out in a private hospital. Trends were analyzed through adjusted correlations, whether linear, quadratic, or cubic. Results: during 2019, 1,456 patients with ARI were treated, by 2020 it dropped to 660, in 2021 to 281, and in 2022 it rose to 872. The prevalence of viruses in the four years showed two patterns of behavior: one with a quadratic trend (respiratory syncytial virus A, coronavirus 229E and NL63, parainfluenza 4 and enterovirus) and another cubic trend (respiratory syncytial virus B, adenovirus, coronavirus OC43, parainfluenza 3 and rhinovirus). Conclusions: the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on a lower frequency of ARI care in the emergency room, as well as on the change in the prevalence of respiratory viruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Endocrinología, Metabolismo y Nutrición is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Pediatria is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Pediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Endocrinología, Metabolismo y Nutrición is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In emergency departments, determine the cause of the seizures is a diagnostic challenge. Objective: To describe the diagnostic studies and the most probable causes of seizures in children seen in an emergency department of a private hospital. Material and methods: From August 2013 to July 2015, we analyzed the care provided for pediatric emergencies motivated by convulsive crisis (as initial or recurrent manifestation). For the analysis, patients were grouped by age, and considering whether or not it was the first event. Results: 164 children were analyzed; 65% (108/164) was in infants, 6% (10/164) in preschool children and 28% (46/164) in school children/adolescents. Among infants and toddlers febrile seizures predominated (41.2%). In schoolchildren and adolescents, the most frequent recurrent seizures were due to epilepsy (62.1%). The most studied patients were the non-febrile seizures that were presented for the first time: 96.5% with neuroimaging and 86.2% with electroencephalogram (EEG). In recurrent seizures, the EEG was performed in 41.5% and in 4.6% through neuroimaging studies. Conclusions: In the present study, seizures of first presentation predominated. For infants and preschoolers these were febrile seizures, while for schoolchildren and adolescents it was due to epilepsy, both in the initial stage or as recurrent seizures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Pediatria is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Pediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Salud Pública de México is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumen Introducción El objetivo de este estudio fue demostrar si la decisión de realizar una tomografía axial computarizada de cráneo (TACC) en un paciente con traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE) no severo se encontraba determinada por la presencia o ausencia del médico tratante durante la valoración en el servicio de urgencias. Métodos Se seleccionaron los expedientes de 92 pacientes de 8 meses a 4 años de edad. Los pacientes acudieron al servicio de urgencias del Hospital Español de México por TCE. Para la valoración inicial se utilizó la escala de coma de Glasgow (ECG). Se consideraron los siguientes criterios: pacientes con o sin realización de TACC, pacientes con médico tratante que acudió a la valoración inicial, pacientes con médico tratante que no acudió a valorar al paciente y pacientes valorados por el médico de guardia. Resultados Se determinó que al 38% de los pacientes con TCE no severo se les realizó TACC; el 8.6% tuvo alguna alteración; la intensidad de impacto moderada fue mayor en el grupo con TACC. De acuerdo con la ECG se encontró que la mayoría de los niños se localizaron en el puntaje 15 ( p = 0.03). En aquellos pacientes sin médico tratante se observó una tendencia mayor a la realización de TACC. Conclusiones En pacientes pediátricos con TCE no severo sin datos de deterioro neurológico se sugiere una valoración clínica detallada y que genere confianza en los familiares, con la finalidad de evitar la toma de TACC cuando su uso no se encuentra justificado. Background The main goal of this article was to evaluate if the decision to perform cranial computed tomography (CT) in children with minor head injury is determined by the presence or absence of the physician during assessment in the emergency room. Methods Clinical files of 92 patients from 8 months to 4 years of age were selected. Those children were evaluated at the emergency department of the Spanish Hospital of Mexico due to non-severe traumatic brain injury. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was determined in all patients. Groups of patients were compared: 1) patients having CT, 2) patients with a physician who attended the initial assessment, 3) patients whose attending physician did not arrive to assess the patient and 4) patients assessed by the emergency room staff. Results 38% of patients with non-severe brain injury underwent CT, 8.6% had a brain injury visible on the CT. Moderate intensity impacts were greater in patients with CT. Regarding the ECG, it was found that most children scored 15 points ( p = 0.03). In patients without a physician, a greater trend was demonstrated for performing CT. Conclusions Patients with minor head injury but without neurological signs should undergo a detailed clinical evaluation in order to avoid unwarranted CT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: the pandemic influenza A H1N1 generated a lot of concern about its potential lethality, because the constant death reported by the media. Our objective was to analyze the clinical characteristics and evolution of children hospitalized in private hospital. Methods: we included all patients hospitalized since April 2009 to March 2010 with influenza A H1N1 confirmed by RT-PCR test. The clinical data, imaging studies and treatment and outcome (hospital stay, PICU admission, and deaths) were analyzed. Results: 50 children were hospitalized 15 less than 3 years old (30 %), 23 from 3 to 5 years (46 %), and 12 older than 5 years (24 %). Any patient required an intensive pediatric care, and there were not deaths. 86 % were admitted for fever, and 40 % with light or moderate respiratory distress symptoms. In 20 patients a radiologic evidence of interstitial infiltration (ten) or pneumonia condensation (four) or airways obstruction (six) were observed. All received oseltamivir treatment and four antibiotic therapies. The median of hospital stay was 48 hours (24 to 72 hours). All were egressed without any complication. Conclusions: benign evolutions were seeing in the children studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: the pandemic influenza A H1N1 generated a lot of concern about its potential lethality, because the constant death reported by the media. Our objective was to analyze the clinical characteristics and evolution of children hospitalized in private hospital. Methods: we included all patients hospitalized since April 2009 to March 2010 with influenza A H1 N1 confirmed by RT-PCR test. The clinical data, imaging studies and treatment and outcome (hospital stay, PICU admission, and deaths) were analyzed. Results: 50 children were hospitalized 15 less than 3 years old (30%), 23 from 3 to 5 years (46%), and 12 older than 5 years (24%). Any patient required an intensive pediatric care, and there were not deaths. 86% were admitted for fever, and 40% with light or moderate respiratory distress symptoms. In 20 patients a radiologic evidence of interstitial infiltration (ten) or pneumonia condensation (four) or airways obstruction (six) were observed. All received oseltamivir treatment and four antibiotic therapies. The median of hospital stay was 48 hours (24 to 72 hours). All were egressed without any complication. Conclusions: benign evolutions were seeing in the children studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in childhood. The impact of chemotherapy has resulted in improved survival, although results have not been the same for all countries. methods. We reviewed the available medical literature in Medline on reports of overall and disease-free survival in children with ALL from the late 1970s to 2007. Survival was analyzed according to economic development (developed and developing countries) and according to age, sex, cell type and leukocyte count at diagnosis. Results. In developed countries there has been an increase in overall 5-year survival from 60% in 1984 to 83.5% in 2007 and for diseasefree survival from 48.5% to 83.5%. This was not registered in developing countries where until 2006 the average overall survival and disease-free survival was ~60%. At diagnosis, prognostic factors related with higher survival rates are age (1 to 9 years), sex (females), type of leukemia (B-cell leukemia) and leukocyte count <10,000 mm³. Information regarding survival rates is very scarce. Conclusions. Survival of children with ALL is increasing, particularly disease-free survival rates. Prognostic factors related to survival are age, sex, cell type and leukocyte count. Further studies are needed in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the National Survey of Coverage of Integrated Health Programs (ENCOPREVENIMSS) are probabilistic population-based surveys with delegation representativeness of insured population of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, belonging to different age groups. Objective: to evaluate the coverage of the Integrated Health Programs for Children and Adolescents during 2003-2005. Material and methods: a descriptive analysis of ENCOPREVENIMSS 2003, 2004 and 2005 was carried out, with regard to the components of Children and Adolescents' Health Programs, in the 37 delegations (states) of IMSS. Through a home sample, information of sociodemographic characteristics, use of health services and coverage of the main components of PREVENIMSS, were collected. The concentration of information and the data analysis took place at the Coordination of Integrated Health Programs. Results: from 2003 to 2005, the coverage of both groups increased, mainly in children. The advances of coverage were different for each activity. The ones with best results were the incorporation to protocols of preventive attention, and vaccination, as well as weight and height measurement. The actions with lowest achievement were the detection of visual problems and the nutritional evaluation. Conclusions: coverage analysis is useful to ascertain the degree of application of the different preventive activities and it is also a good basis for planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The objective of this article is to present the frequency of cancer in Mexican children who were treated in the hospitals of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social in Mexico City (IMSS-MC) in the period 1996-2001. Methods: The Registry of Cancer in Children, started in 1996 in the IMSS-MC, is an on-going, prospective register. The data from 1996 through 2001 were analyzed and the different types of cancer were grouped according to the International Classification for Cancer in Children (ICCC). From this analysis, the general and specific frequencies by age and by sex were obtained for the different groups of neoplasms. Also, the frequency of the stage of the disease that had been diagnosed in cases of children with solid tumors was obtained. Results: A total of 1,702 new cases of children with cancer were registered, with the male/female ratio at 1.1/1. Leukemias had the highest frequency with 784 cases (46.1%) and, of these, acute lymphoblastic leukemias were the most prevalent with 614 cases (78.3%). Thereafter, in descending order of frequency, were tumors of the central nervous system (CNST) with 197 cases (11.6%), lymphomas with 194 cases (11.4%), germinal cell tumors with 110 cases (6.5%), and bone tumors with 97 cases (5.7%). The highest frequency of cancer was found in the group of one to four year-olds that had 627 cases (36.8%). In all the age groups, leukemias were the most frequent. In the present work, the frequency of Hodgkin's disease (∼4%) was found to be lower than that (∼10%) in previous studies and the frequency of tumors of the sympathetic nervous system was low (2.3%). Of those cases of solid tumors for which the stage of the disease had been determined, 66.9% were diagnosed as being Stage III or IV. Conclusions: The principal cancers in the children treated in the IMSS-MC were leukemias, CNST, and lymphomas, consistent with those reported by developed countries. A 2.5-fold reduction in the frequency of Hodgkin's disease was found. Of the children, the stage of whose disease had been determined, two thirds were diagnosed as having advanced stages of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following publication of the original article [1], the author reported her name has been erroneously spelled as Blanca E. Pelcastre. The full name is Blanca E. Pelcastre-Villafuerte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) 5 years survival in minors has reached 90%, socioeconomic differences have been reported among and within countries. Within countries, the difference has been related to the socioeconomic status of the parents, even in the context of public health services with universal coverage. In Mexico, differences in the mortality of children with cancer have been reported among sociodemographic zones. The Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), the country's main social security institution, has reported socioeconomic differences in life expectancy within its affiliated population. Here, the socioeconomic inequalities in the survival of children (< 15 years old) enrolled in the IMSS were analyzed. Methods: Five-year survival data were analyzed in cohorts of patients diagnosed with ALL during the period 2007–2009 in the two IMSS networks of medical services that serve 7 states of the central region of Mexico. A Cox proportional risk model was developed and adjusted for the socioeconomic characteristics of family, community of residence and for the clinical characteristics of the children. The slope of socioeconomic inequality of the probability of dying within five years after the diagnosis of ALL was estimated. Results: For the 294 patients studied, the 5 years survival rate was 53.7%; the median survival was 4.06 years (4.9 years for standard-risk diagnosis; 2.5 years for high-risk diagnosis). The attrition rate was 12%. The Cox model showed that children who had been IMSS-insured for less than half their lives had more than double the risk of dying than those who had been insured for their entire lives. Conclusions: We did not find evidence of socioeconomic inequalities in the survival of children with ALL associated with family income, educational and occupational level of parents. However, we found a relevant gradient related social security protection: the longer children's life insured by social security, the higher their probability of surviving ALL was. These results add evidence of the effectiveness of social security, as a mechanism of wealth redistribution and a promoter of social mobility. Extending these social security benefits to the entire Mexican population could promote better health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]