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OBJECTIVE: To design the scale for children’ s compliance and attitude towards traditional Chinese medicine decoction, so as to measure the reliability and validity of the scale. METHODS: The above scale was used to evaluate the compliance and attitude towards traditional Chinese medicine decoction in children in Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Beijing Children’s Hospital. Item analysis, homogeneity, reliability and validity of the scale were carried out. RESULTS: Eighty-Five questionnaires were collected, of which 80 were valid questionnaires, and the questionnaire response rate was 94. 1%. Item analysis showed that, except for item 5 of compliance, the difference of t-test for variance of other items was statistically significant(P<0. 001), with good discrimination. The homogeneity test showed that the score and total score of each item were significantly different(P<0. 001), and the homogeneity was high. The reliability analysis showed that the internal consistency coefficient(Cronbach’ s α) was >0. 697, and the adjusted Cronbach’ s α was > 0. 723, indicating the high reliability of the scale. Content validity analysis results showed that S-CVI was >0. 80, S-CVI/ Ave was >0. 90, and all experts had higher degree of recognition for the topic. The KMO value of structural validity was 0. 595, and the Bartlett’ s spherical test value was 802. 599 (P<0. 001). Two common factors were extracted by principal component analysis, which could explain 47. 490% of the total variance. The load of each item on its principal factors was >0. 400, indicating the high load value. CONCLUSIONS: The scale has good reliability and validity in measuring children’s compliance and attitude towards traditional Chinese medicine decoction, and can be popularized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]