7,620 results
Search Results
2. Role of Dietary Factors, Food Habits, and Lifestyle in Childhood Obesity Development: A Position Paper From the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition
- Author
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Konstantinos Gerasimidis, Alexandre Lapillonne, Nicholas D. Embleton, Sissel J. Moltu, Barbara A. E. de Koning, Magnus Domellöf, Flavia Indrio, Elvira Verduci, Jutta Köglmeier, Jiri Bronsky, Lorenzo Norsa, and Pediatrics
- Subjects
Pediatric Obesity ,MEDLINE ,Cochrane Library ,Childhood obesity ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,030225 pediatrics ,Environmental health ,Humans ,Medicine ,Child ,Life Style ,Snacking ,business.industry ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Gastroenterology ,Feeding Behavior ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Diet ,Systematic review ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Position paper ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Observational study ,business - Abstract
Childhood obesity has high societal and economic impact but current treatment approaches are sub-optimal. In the last decade, important studies have been conducted aiming to identify strategies to prevent obesity during critical periods of life. Updated recommendations for childhood obesity prevention are needed. We present data from systematic reviews and meta- analysis, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and large observational studies, published from 2011 onwards that consider the possible role of the following factors in obesity development: breast-feeding; macronutrient composition and method of complementary feeding; parenting style; dietary patterns; sugar-sweetened beverage consumption; eating behaviour (eg, skipping breakfast, family dinners. etc); meal frequency and composition (fast foods, snacking), portion size; dietary modulators of gut microbiota (including pre-, pro-, and synbiotics); physical activity and sedentary behaviour. We used the Medline database and the Cochrane Library to search for relevant publications. Important research gaps were also identified. This position paper provides recommendations on dietary factors, food habits, and lifestyle to prevent childhood obesity development, based on the available literature and expert opinion. Clinical research and high-quality trials are urgently needed to resolve numerous areas of uncertainty.
- Published
- 2021
3. Critically appraised paper: In children with overweight or obesity, an aerobic plus resistance exercise program improved cardiometabolic but not mental health [Commentary].
- Author
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Tsiros, Margarita D
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RESISTANCE training ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors ,AEROBIC exercises ,CHILDHOOD obesity ,MENTAL health - Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Critically appraised paper: In children with overweight or obesity, an aerobic plus resistance exercise program improved cardiometabolic but not mental health [synopsis].
- Author
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Milne, Nikki
- Subjects
RESISTANCE training ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors ,AEROBIC exercises ,CHILDHOOD obesity ,MENTAL health - Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. There Is a Clinical Need to Consider the Physical Activity: Sedentary Pattern in Children with Obesity – Position Paper of the European Childhood Obesity Group.
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Julian, Valérie, Ring-Dimitriou, Susanne, Wyszyńska, Justyna, Mazur, Artur, Matlosz, Piotr, Frelut, Marie Laure, Erhardt, Eva, Vlachopapadopoulou, Elpis, Forslund, Anders, Boyland, Emma, Weghuber, Daniel, and Thivel, David
- Subjects
- *
SEDENTARY lifestyles , *ONLINE information services , *MEDICAL databases , *CHILDHOOD obesity , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases , *PHYSICAL activity , *MEDICAL protocols , *SCREEN time , *MEDLINE , *ADIPOSE tissues - Abstract
Introduction: While international prevention guidelines recently advocated, in addition to moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines, for a minimization of sedentary (SED) time, recommendations remain to be developed for youths with obesity. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, plus the reference lists of selected articles for relevant publications in English, including original papers, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, with search terms "sedentary behaviors" or "sedentary time" or "screen time" AND "children" or "adolescents" AND "obesity" or "adiposity" or "cardiometabolic risk" or "cardiometabolic disease." The results were summarized as a narrative review and presented to the scientific board of the European Childhood Obesity Group (ECOG), who then discussed their implication in clinical practice and proposed the position outlined in this paper. Results: SED and screen times are associated with adiposity and cardiometabolic risks, independently of youths' physical activity (PA) level. Besides considering MVPA and SED times as separate variables, comprehensive studies have questioned the impact of different patterns of MVPA and SED levels. Although lower body adiposity and better cardiometabolic health are achieved among those with desirable movement behavior patterns (i.e., more MVPA/less SED or active/not SED), youths with intermediate patterns (i.e., high MVPA/high SED and low MVPA/low SED, or active/SED and inactive/not SED) have been found to be associated with intermediate risks. Conclusion: There is a need to decrease SED behaviors irrespective of MVPA and to consider PA-SED patterns in youth with obesity. The ECOG encourages anti-obesity strategies targeting both PA and SED behaviors to support the shift from long periods of SED time, especially screen time, to daily routines incorporating bouts of PA. Stepwise or sequential approaches to movement behavior counseling might start with targeting SED at first to decrease cardiometabolic risks when implementing MVPA is not yet possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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6. Prevention of Childhood Obesity: A Position Paper of the Global Federation of International Societies of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (FISPGHAN)
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Way S. Lee, Marialena Mouzaki, Elvira Verduci, Mark Fishbein, Nezha Mouane, Luis Moreno, and Berthold Koletzko
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Pediatric Obesity ,Psychological intervention ,Cafeteria ,Childhood obesity ,03 medical and health sciences ,Screen time ,0302 clinical medicine ,030225 pediatrics ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Humans ,Early childhood ,Child ,Exercise ,Life Style ,Socioeconomic status ,Sedentary lifestyle ,biology ,business.industry ,Gastroenterology ,Infant ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Child, Preschool ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Position paper ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Diet, Healthy ,business - Abstract
Global childhood obesity increased more than 8-fold over 40 years, inducing a very large personal, societal, and economic burden. Effects of available treatments are less than satisfactory; therefore, effective prevention is of high priority. In this narrative review, we explore preventive opportunities. The available evidence indicates large benefits of improving nutrition and lifestyle during early life, such as promoting breast-feeding and improving the quality of infant and early childhood feeding. Promoting healthy eating patterns and limiting sugar-containing beverage consumption from early childhood onwards are of great benefit. Regular physical activity and limited sedentary lifestyle and screen time alone have limited effects but are valuable elements in effective multicomponent strategies. The home environment is important, particularly for young children, and can be improved by educating and empowering families. School- and community-based interventions can be effective, such as installing water fountains, improving cafeteria menus, and facilitating regular physical activity. Reducing obesogenic risk factors through societal standards is essential for effective prevention and limiting socioeconomic disparity; these may comprise food, drink, and physical activity standards for day cares and schools, general food quality standards, front-of-pack food labeling, taxation of unhealthy foods, restriction of food advertisements to children, and others. Effective prevention of childhood obesity is not achieved by single interventions but by integrated multicomponent approaches involving multiple stakeholders that address children, families, and societal standards. Pediatricians and their organizations should be proactive in supporting and empowering families to support their children's health, and in promoting societal measures that protect children.
- Published
- 2020
7. How Small Policy Changes Can Transform the Implementation of Physical Activity Minutes in Kentucky Public Schools: A White Paper.
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HEALTH policy , *SCHOOL environment , *SEDENTARY lifestyles , *STUDENT health , *CHILDHOOD obesity , *HEALTH status indicators , *HUMAN services programs , *PHYSICAL activity , *ACADEMIC achievement , *RESPONSIBILITY , *SCHOOLS , *PUBLIC sector , *GOVERNMENT aid - Abstract
As obesity and physical inactivity rates continue to rise in the United States, Kentucky ranks third in childhood obesity rates (10‐17 year olds) and 50th in physical inactivity. The public school environment is a logical place to examine practices and closely discern how time is spent. Federal legislation over the past 50 years has largely dictated the emphasis and priority of our public education system and how schools are funded and assessed. Recently, new federal legislation, the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) of 2015, moved more power, flexibility, and accountability to the states allowing for additional funding opportunities surrounding not just reading and mathematics standardized test scores. Kentucky made promising steps toward including a well‐rounded education in their accountability plan, however; ultimately removed those measures in their revised submission to the US Education Department. We must reexamine our current priorities and policies based on evidence‐based best practices regarding health, physical activity, and academic achievement. This report outlines history, issues, and policy solutions which will move Kentucky's youth toward better opportunities for quality physical activity in our public schools within our current resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in Paediatric Age: A Position Paper of the European Academy of Paediatrics and the European Childhood Obesity Group
- Author
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Margherita Caroli, David Thivel, Adamos Hadjipanayis, Artur Mazur, Katarzyna Dereń, Justyna Wyszyńska, Piotr Socha, Daniel Weghuber, Zachi Grossman, Berthold Koletzko, and Marie Laure Frelut
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatric Obesity ,Dietary Sugars ,education ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Child Behavior ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Overweight ,Childhood obesity ,law.invention ,Beverages ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Feeding Behavior ,medicine.disease ,Europe ,Systematic review ,Family medicine ,Meta-analysis ,Practice Guidelines as Topic ,Position paper ,Observational study ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Background: Health risks associated with the high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) include overweight or obesity and their complications such as diabetes, as well as oral and dental decay, among others. Aim: The aim of the present statement is to inform health care professionals, parents, care-givers, teachers and school head teachers, stakeholders and governing bodies about the risks associated with drinking SSBs in infants, children and adolescents. Methods: We searched PubMed and the Cochrane databases for English language studies published from 2010 through October 1, 2018, for randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, systematic reviews and observational studies (search terms are reported in eAppendix in the Supplement). We also manually searched the references of selected articles, reviews, meta-analyses and practice guidelines. Recommendations: Consumption of SSB by children and adolescents should be limited, and the consumption of water and other non-sweetened beverages should be promoted. Educational institutions such as nurseries, pre-schools and schools should offer unlimited access to drinking water, whereas the sale of SSBs should be banned.
- Published
- 2019
9. The Assessment of Eating Behaviour in Children Who Are Obese: A Psychological Approach. A Position Paper from the European Childhood Obesity Group
- Author
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Daniel Weghuber, Grace O'Malley, Éva Erhardt, Andrea Vania, Elisabeth Ardelt-Gattinger, Paulina Nowicka, Marie Laure Frelut, Caroline Braet, and Artur Mazur
- Subjects
Pediatric Obesity ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Adolescent ,"obesità infantile" ,Hunger ,assessment ,Eating behaviour ,Emotions ,paediatric obesity ,MEDLINE ,lcsh:TX341-641 ,Review Article ,Satiation ,Overweight ,Childhood obesity ,Feeding and Eating Disorders ,Physiology (medical) ,obesità pediatrica ,medicine ,Humans ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,Family ,Psychological testing ,Obesity ,Bulimia ,Child ,Psychiatry ,Children ,Psychological assessment ,lcsh:RC620-627 ,Craving ,business.industry ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Feeding Behavior ,Emotional eating ,medicine.disease ,lcsh:Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases ,Position paper ,psychological ,medicine.symptom ,psychological assessment ,obesity ,children ,eating behaviour ,business ,lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Clinical psychology ,Psychopathology - Abstract
Objective: This paper introduces health professionals to the different psychological models thought to influence eating behaviour in the absence of hunger in children who are obese and to propose a method of assessing these behaviours in practice. Methods: Clinical researchers from the European Childhood Obesity Group (ECOG) adopted an evidence-based approach to examine the literature concerning the assessment of eating behaviour in children who are obese. Studies published in English were filtered out of the medical and psychological literature from 1960 to the present, and the resulting bibliography was searched for relevant articles. Key themes from the current evidence were compiled and classified according to the underpinning psychological models. Based on the current evidence and the authors' combined clinical experience, a three-staged approach to assessment was agreed by consensus. Results: Valid and reliable tools for assessing and monitoring each of the three identified models (Dietary Restraint Theory, Emotional Eating and the Diathesis-Stress Model) are suggested for use in clinical practice, and the ECOG three-staged approach to assessing eating behaviours in the absence of hunger is described. Conclusions: This paper presents practical guidance on how to assess eating behaviour in the absence of hunger in children who are clinically obese and suggests a focus for future research.
- Published
- 2014
10. How to Apply European and American Guidelines on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. A Position Paper Endorsed by the Italian Society of Hypertension and the Italian Society of Pediatrics.
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Genovesi, Simonetta, Parati, Gianfranco, Giussani, Marco, Bona, Gianni, Fava, Cristiano, Maffeis, Claudio, Ferri, Claudio, and Giordano, Ugo
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BLOOD pressure , *HYPERTENSION , *MEDICAL protocols , *CHILDHOOD obesity , *PEDIATRICS , *REFERENCE values , *ADOLESCENCE , *CHILDREN - Abstract
Children are defined as hypertensive when their blood pressure values equal or exceed the 95th percentile of the blood pressure value distribution in a pediatric population, according to gender, age and height. The population on which reference tables are based is of fundamental importance to establish the threshold values for the diagnosis of hypertension in pediatric age. Before 2017, both American and European guidelines used nomograms created in the same reference population which included children of all weight classes. Given the close and well-known association between hypertension and excess weight in childhood, the 2017 American guidelines proposed new reference nomograms excluding subjects with overweight and obesity from the "historical" reference population. Furthermore, the new American guidelines suggested a fixed cut-off of 130/80 mmHg, starting from 13 years and regardless of gender and height, to make the diagnosis of hypertension. In this document, the Italian Hypertension Society (SIIA) and the Italian Pediatric Society (SIP) jointly discuss a number of issues raised by the new American guidelines that involve the entire medical community, and also address the definition of arterial hypertension in the transition phase between childhood and adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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11. A Position Paper on Managing Youth Screen Time versus Physical Activity
- Author
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Reem Altamimi, Geoff Skinner, and Keith Nesbitt
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Multimedia ,computer.software_genre ,medicine.disease ,Childhood obesity ,Developmental psychology ,Entertainment ,Screen time ,Information and Communications Technology ,Active living ,eHealth ,Facilitation ,medicine ,Position paper ,computer - Abstract
Childhood obesity is becoming increasingly prolific and problematic. Contributors to childhood obesity include decreased levels of physical activity and increased sedentary behavior. Screen-based entertainment may be an important factor in the development of childhood obesity as children and adolescents prefer to spend time using electronic devices than exercising. While it is difficult to encourage children to cease playing video games, it is possible to change these passive screens to active ones. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have been utilized by academics and researchers to promote levels of physical activity among young people. This paper is part of our continuous research into the use of technology in the facilitation and motivation of children to be more physically active. This paper presents the "MySteps " framework that has been developed to manage youth screen time and exercise performance statistics. By developing technology-based solutions, we intend to increase children and adolescents awareness of their levels of physical activity and screen time. Consequently, self-monitoring and management of screen time and physical activity levels may lead to more active living beginning at an early age and continuing throughout life.
- Published
- 2015
12. Lord Brooke of Alverthorpe ask Her Majesty's Government, further to their policy paper Tackling obesity: empowering adults and children to live healthier lives, published on 27 July, when they will publish their plans to expand weight management services available through the NHS
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Diet industry -- Service enhancement -- Planning ,Childhood obesity ,Health care industry -- Service enhancement -- Planning ,Health care industry ,Company business planning ,Business, international - Abstract
London: UK Parliament has issued the following written answer: Answered on 24 November 2020 Alongside work to establish the National Institute for Health Protection, the Government continues to focus on [...]
- Published
- 2020
13. Weekly Policy Papers.
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GOVERNMENT policy ,EDUCATION ,CHILDHOOD obesity ,MENTAL health ,DISTANCE education - Abstract
The article presents the discussion on EPM Weekly Policy Papers giving details of all policy papers published by Government departments connected with education, training, and children's services. Topics include childhood obesity contributing to a range of physical and mental health conditions; and distance learning being a way of studying without the learner being physically present in a classroom.
- Published
- 2021
14. Alex Norris ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, with reference to his Department's policy paper, Tackling obesity: empowering adults and children to live healthier lives, published on 27 July 2020
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Childhood obesity ,Bariatric surgery ,Business, international - Abstract
London: UK Parliament has issued the following written answer: Answered on 15 September 2020 Clinical commissioning groups are responsible for commissioning complex obesity services for adults, which include all bariatric [...]
- Published
- 2020
15. 'Reforms Looked Really Good on Paper': Rural Food Service Responses to the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010
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Elizabeth H. Golembiewski, Disa L. Cornish, and Natoshia M. Askelson
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0301 basic medicine ,Semi-structured interview ,education ,Health Promotion ,Childhood obesity ,Nutrition Policy ,Education ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nursing ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Medical education ,Schools ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Descriptive statistics ,business.industry ,Administrative Personnel ,Food Services ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Philosophy ,Health promotion ,Telephone interview ,Guideline Adherence ,Rural Health Services ,sense organs ,Thematic analysis ,Rural area ,business ,Attitude to Health ,Qualitative research - Abstract
BACKGROUND The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 (HHKA) required schools to make changes to meals provided to children. Rural school districts have limited resources, with increased obesity rates and local food insecurity. In this study we sought to understand the perceptions of rural food service directors and the barriers to implementing the changes. METHODS Food service directors from rural school districts were invited to complete a semistructured telephone interview and online survey. A total of 51 respondents completed both, 6 completed only the online survey, and 16 completed only the telephone interview. Qualitative interview data were analyzed through open thematic coding; descriptive statistics were calculated for the quantitative data. RESULTS Food service directors mostly perceived the changes as negative, challenging, and burdensome. They believed that the changes resulted from concern about childhood obesity, which they did not view as a problem for their students. Diverse challenges were reported related to cost, preparation, and student preference. CONCLUSIONS Food service directors in isolated, rural areas need support to enhance understanding of HHKA requirements, build professional networks to learn from one another, and communicate with students, families, and other stakeholders. Future efforts should focus on changing perceptions and supporting directors in order to make implementation a success.
- Published
- 2016
16. BOLDER ACTION STILL NEEDED FOLLOWING PUBLICATION OF PREVENTION GREEN PAPER
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Childhood obesity ,Medical societies ,Professional associations ,News, opinion and commentary ,British Medical Association - Abstract
LONDON -- The following information was released by the British Medical Association (BMA): Responding to the publication of the prevention Green Paper outlining the Government's future commitment to healthcare prevention, [...]
- Published
- 2019
17. EVIDENCE-BASED POLICY MAKING AT RISK, AS PREVENTION GREEN PAPER DUMPED
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Childhood obesity ,Energy drinks ,Beverages ,Schools ,Fluorides ,Professional associations ,News, opinion and commentary ,British Dental Association - Abstract
LONDON -- The following information was released by the British Dental Association (BDA): The BDA has expressed its dismay at the eleventh-hour publication of the Prevention Green paper. The document, [...]
- Published
- 2019
18. The interaction of social influence and message framing on children’s food choice
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Khan, Huda, Lee, Richard, and Khan, Zaheer
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Mrs Sharon Hodgson ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, what the timeframe is for the public consultation on the healthy start welfare food scheme, announced in the paper entitled Childhood Obesity: A plan for action, published in June 2018
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Childhood obesity ,Business, international - Abstract
London: United Kingdom House of Commons has issued the following written answer: Answered by: Jackie Doyle-Price Answered on: 11 March 2019 The Department is considering a range of options for [...]
- Published
- 2019
20. Considerations and lessons learned from designing a motivational interviewing obesity intervention for young people attending dental practices: A study protocol paper
- Author
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Helen Crawley, Hynek Pikhart, Jessie Porter, Marie H. Murphy, Richard G. Watt, Anna Kolliakou, Tim Newton, Georgios Tsakos, Antiopi Ntouva, and H. Yusuf
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Health Behavior ,Psychological intervention ,Motivational interviewing ,Alternative medicine ,Stakeholder engagement ,Carbonated Beverages ,Motivational Interviewing ,Overweight ,Childhood obesity ,Clinical Protocols ,Intervention (counseling) ,London ,medicine ,Humans ,Body Weights and Measures ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Obesity ,Child ,business.industry ,Patient Selection ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Diet ,Test (assessment) ,Research Design ,Family medicine ,Dental Offices ,Physical therapy ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Background With the prevalence of child obesity increasing worldwide, and the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages identified as a major contributor to obesity in adolescents, there is a need for effective interventions aimed at dietary behaviour change in this group. Primary dental care settings are in an ideal position to influence adolescents' dietary behaviours, yet have been under-utilised for this purpose. Motivational Interviewing (MI) has shown promise in influencing other health behaviours. However, there is lack of published methodologies on which to base the design of such interventions, and limited evidence on its effectiveness in influencing dietary change. We undertook a study to test the feasibility of a MI intervention aimed at reducing soft drink consumption in adolescents attending dental surgeries. We present the study design for the development and evaluation of the intervention. Method Ten dental practices in north London were randomised into control or intervention. Adolescent participants in control settings received routine advice and intervention participants received a brief MI intervention. The intervention was designed using comprehensive stakeholder engagement and consisted of 3–4 short MI sessions and a maintenance phase delivered by trained researchers through the use of age-specific resources. Process evaluation was carried out using qualitative and quantitative methods to assess intervention feasibility in a primary dental care setting. Discussion By focussing on the development and evaluation of the intervention, this paper contributes to the limited available knowledge and identifies methodological considerations for undertaking a MI intervention for dietary change in adolescents in primary dental care settings.
- Published
- 2013
21. Problems Using Body Mass Index or Rohrer Index as Indicators for Defining Childhood Obesity(Papers for cerebrating the Forty Aniversary of the Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University Center East)
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BMI ,percentile curves of BMI ,evaluation of the pediatric physique ,Rohrer index ,childhood obesity - Abstract
We calculated BMI and the Rohrer index in 5-17 years old children boys and girls with standard weights for height using data from the School Health Statistical Research Report of the Ministry of Education in 2000.The results are also expressed using as growth charts. BMI values for boys 6 to 14 years old and girls 6 to 13 years old with standard weights for height gradually increased as they became taller at the same age. The Rohrer index value of boys with standard weights for height gradually decreased from 5 to 13 years of age. For those over about 13 years of age, the Rohrer index value increased. The Rohrer index value increases as they become shorter at the same age. Furthermore in girls older than 13 years, changes in the Rohrer index value show the same pattern as that in boys. For the reasons mentioned above, it is not suitable for BMI or the Rohrer index to be used as an indicator for defining childhood obesity, especially for observing the course of an individual obese child., 東京女子医科大学東医療センター小児科開局40周年記念論文集
- Published
- 2007
22. Teratology public affairs committee position paper: Maternal obesity and pregnancy
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Anthony R. Scialli
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Embryology ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Childhood obesity ,Shoulder dystocia ,Pregnancy ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Humans ,Neural Tube Defects ,Obesity ,Societies, Medical ,Neural tube defect ,business.industry ,Public health ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Pregnancy Complications ,Gestational diabetes ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,business ,Body mass index ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Compared to normal-weight women, obese women have an increased risk of infertility and pregnancy complications. The most consistently described pregnancy complications are hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes mellitus, thromboembolic events, and cesarean section. Fetal and neonatal complications may include congenital malformations, macrosomia, and shoulder dystocia. The literature suggests that women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 have approximately double the risk of having a child with a neural tube defect (NTD) compared to normal-weight women, and the increased risk associated with higher maternal body weight does not appear to be modified by folic acid supplementation. The Public Affairs Committee of the Teratology Society supports the public health initiatives identified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2004 and the research initiatives identified by the National Institutes of Health in 2004. The Public Affairs Committee recommends that clinicians counsel women about appropriate caloric intake and exercise and that health-care providers educate parents about appropriate childhood nutrition. Breast-feeding should be encouraged based on evidence of a protective effect against childhood obesity, as well as other health advantages. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
- Published
- 2006
23. INDIAN HEALTH SERVICE PUBLISHES PAPER ON CHILD OBESITY
- Subjects
United States. Indian Health Service ,Childhood obesity ,Hypoglycemic agents ,Child health ,Diabetes therapy ,Social services ,Native Americans ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
ROCKVILLE, MD -- The following information was released by the Department of Health and Human Services, Indian Health Service: by Ann Bullock, MD, Director, Division of Diabetes Treatment and Prevention, [...]
- Published
- 2017
24. South Tyneside child obesity problem laid bare in council papers; More than one in five children aged under 11 are overweight or obese - a problem costing the borough £8m per year
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Childhood obesity ,Elementary school students ,Child health ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
Byline: Will Metcalfe Children as young as four in South Tyneside could be given health advice as new figures reveal 10% of them are obese. The statistics are in papers [...]
- Published
- 2015
25. Considerations and lessons learned from designing a motivational interviewing obesity intervention for young people attending dental practices: A study protocol paper.
- Author
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Murphy, Marie, Porter, Jessie, Yusuf, Huda, Ntouva, Antiopi, Newton, Tim, Kolliakou, Anna, Crawley, Helen, Tsakos, Georgios, Pikhart, Hynek, and Watt, Richard G.
- Subjects
- *
MOTIVATIONAL interviewing , *CHILDHOOD obesity , *ADOLESCENT nutrition , *DENTAL care , *HEALTH behavior in adolescence , *RESEARCH protocols - Abstract
Abstract: Background: With the prevalence of child obesity increasing worldwide, and the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages identified as a major contributor to obesity in adolescents, there is a need for effective interventions aimed at dietary behaviour change in this group. Primary dental care settings are in an ideal position to influence adolescents' dietary behaviours, yet have been under-utilised for this purpose. Motivational Interviewing (MI) has shown promise in influencing other health behaviours. However, there is lack of published methodologies on which to base the design of such interventions, and limited evidence on its effectiveness in influencing dietary change. We undertook a study to test the feasibility of a MI intervention aimed at reducing soft drink consumption in adolescents attending dental surgeries. We present the study design for the development and evaluation of the intervention. Method: Ten dental practices in north London were randomised into control or intervention. Adolescent participants in control settings received routine advice and intervention participants received a brief MI intervention. The intervention was designed using comprehensive stakeholder engagement and consisted of 3–4 short MI sessions and a maintenance phase delivered by trained researchers through the use of age-specific resources. Process evaluation was carried out using qualitative and quantitative methods to assess intervention feasibility in a primary dental care setting. Discussion: By focussing on the development and evaluation of the intervention, this paper contributes to the limited available knowledge and identifies methodological considerations for undertaking a MI intervention for dietary change in adolescents in primary dental care settings. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Edutainment in childhood obesity prevention: a complex topic
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Sintra, Diana and Agante, Luísa
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Children as change agents for family health
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Burrows, Lisette
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. The Association between Dietary Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load and Children Obesity: A Review of Published Papers.
- Author
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Rouhani, Seyed Mohammad Hossein, Hashemipour, Mahin, Kelishadi, Roya, Esmaillzadeh, Ahmad, and Azadbakht, Leila
- Subjects
- *
DIET , *GLYCEMIC index , *CHILDHOOD obesity , *NUTRITION disorders , *CLINICAL trials - Abstract
Background: Many studies were conducted to evaluate the association between dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and children obesity. The aim of this study was to review these studies. Methods: We searched the ISI and PubMed databases for studies that evaluated the association between dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and obesity in children. At first, the studies containing the words "glycemic index", "glycemic load", "glycaemic index" or "glycaemic load" plus "child", "children", "young", "youth" or "adolescent" were selected. Among 1001 selected studies, articles were accepted if they had considered obesity or related factors as their main dependent variables. Findings: Twenty studies were included. Although the cross-sectional results were inconsistent, stronger studies had found a direct relation between dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and children obesity. Cohort studies had shown positive, neutral and negative associations between these dietary factors and obesity in children. However, although most clinical trials had reported a positive effect of dietary glycemic index on childhood obesity, they had not shown the similar effect for glycemic load. Conclusion: There is not enough evidence for making a certain conclusion. Therefore, further studies in this field are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
29. Parental Neglect and Childhood Obesity Amidst COVID-19: A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective on Health and Developmental Risks.
- Author
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Cimino, Silvia
- Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted the mental health and developmental trajectories of children and adolescents, catalyzing a range of psychological and behavioral issues due to enforced lockdowns and other restrictions. This text explores these impacts through the lens of developmental psychopathology, which integrates clinical psychology and developmental science to examine the emergence and evolution of psychological disorders across a lifespan. This paper highlights how pandemic-related disruptions have exacerbated conditions such as anxiety and depression and, notably, increased childhood obesity due to changes in lifestyle and reductions in physical activity. The analysis includes a discussion of how isolation has not only restricted access to educational and psychological resources but also increased the risk of parental mental illness and related familial stress, thereby intensifying issues of neglect and their consequent impact on child health. By employing a developmental psychopathology framework, this paper argues for the necessity of targeted interventions that address these complex interplays of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Such interventions aim to support children through structured educational and health-oriented strategies, ensuring their well-being amidst the ongoing challenges posed by the pandemic. This approach underscores the importance of early, multifaceted strategies involving parents, educators, and healthcare providers to foster healthier developmental outcomes for children facing unprecedented global health crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
30. Impacts of Neighborhood Built Environment on Obesity and Related Behaviors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- Author
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Zheng Xili, Chen Xiaojian, and Yu Lu
- Subjects
OVERWEIGHT children ,MIXED-use developments ,BUILT environment ,COMMUNITIES ,NEIGHBORHOODS ,POPULATION density ,BUS stops ,CHILDHOOD obesity - Abstract
The identification of built environment elements in neighborhoods that have significant impacts on obesity is the basis for scientifically preventing obesity and related chronic diseases, as well as formulating and implementing spatial intervention policies. In recent years, studies on the relationship between neighborhood built environment and obesity and related behaviors have increased rapidly in China with preliminary progresses. This paper systematically reviews the empirical research on the impacts of neighborhood built environment on obesity and related behaviors which was done in China from 2011 to 2021 and selects 44 papers to extract, summarize, and quantitatively synthesize the research results by using the meta-analysis method and through the weighted Z-test. The meta-analysis shows that, according to their significance, the measured built environment elements in neighborhoods that have significant impacts on obesity and related behaviors are ranked in a descending order as accessibilitydensity of physical activity facilities, accessibility-density of bus stops/transit stations, street connectivity--crossing density, and mixed land use rate--destination amount. Meanwhile, the elements of residential density--population density, accessibility-distance to bus stops/transit stations, and accessibility-distance to physical activity facilities do not show remarkable statistic difference. This implies that community planning should highlight the measures of increasing land use for sports facilities and green spaces, improving public transport system, optimizing road network, and strengthening mixed land use to build healthy communities that can facilitate the prevention of obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
31. The Public Health White Paper and Responsibility Deal.
- Author
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Buttriss, J. L.
- Subjects
OBESITY risk factors ,DIETITIANS' associations ,PUBLIC health ,ETHICS ,HEALTH care reform ,HEALTH promotion ,INGESTION ,LOW-fat diet ,NUTRITIONAL assessment ,NUTRITION policy ,CHILDHOOD obesity ,SALT ,SALT-free diet ,SOCIAL networks ,WORLD Wide Web ,INFORMATION resources ,TRANS fatty acids - Abstract
This paper summarises and discusses some of the aspects of the Public Health White Paper, Healthy Lives, Healthy People, published for consultation at the end of 2010, and the framework of the Public Health Responsibility Deal, published in March 2011 by the UK government. Healthy Lives, Healthy People emphasises that a one-size-fits-all approach to public health improvement has been shown not to work as challenges vary from one neighbourhood to the next, and a new approach that empowers individuals to make healthy choices and gives communities the tools to address their own needs is required. It highlights the government's intention to shift power and decision making on public health matters to local authorities, with ring fenced budgets. A feature of the document that has proved controversial is the proposal to work collaboratively with business and the voluntary sector to deliver the government's ambition, through the Public Health Responsibility Deal, launched on 15 March, which comprises a series of 5 networks on food, alcohol, physical activity, health at work, and behaviour change, and the associated pledges. The initial pledges for the food network focus on salt and trans fatty acid reduction, and out-of-home calorie labelling of foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Conceptualising care for childhood obesity: a three‐world view
- Author
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Pratt, Keeley J., Lamson, Angela L., Lazorick, Suzanne, Parker White, Carmel, Collier, David N., White, Mark B., and Swanson, Melvin S.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Global Evolution of Obesity Research in Children and Youths: Setting Priorities for Interventions and Policies.
- Author
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Tran, Bach Xuan, Dang, Kim Anh, Le, Huong Thi, Ha, Giang Hai, Nguyen, Long Hoang, Nguyen, Tu Huu, Tran, Tung Hoang, Latkin, Carl A., Ho, Cyrus S.H., and Ho, Roger C.M.
- Subjects
CHILDHOOD obesity ,WEIGHT loss ,SCIENTIFIC literature ,EVOLUTION research ,YOUTH - Abstract
Background: Childhood obesity has become a major global epidemic that causes substantial social and health burdens worldwide. The effectiveness of childhood obesity control and prevention depends largely on understanding the issue, including its current development and associated factors in a contextualized perspective. Objectives: Our study aimed to gauge this kind of understanding. Methods: We systematically searched the Web of Science database for studies concerning child obesity published up to 2017 and analyzed the volume of publications, growth rates, impact scores, collaborations, authors, affiliations, and journals. A total of 57,444 research papers were included. Results: The three subject categories with the highest number of papers (over 3,000) were (1) nutrition and dietetics, (2) pediatrics, and (3) public, environmental, and occupational health. We found a dramatic increase in the amount of scientific literature on childhood obesity in the past one or two decades, led by scholars from the USA – ranking at the top regarding the total number of papers (23,965 papers; 30.8%) and total number of citations (859,793 citations) – and multiple Western countries where the obesity epidemic is prevalent. Conclusions: The findings highlight the need for improving international and local research capacities and collaboration to accelerate knowledge production and translation into contextualized and effective childhood obesity prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Childhood obesity: A biobehavioral perspective. Edited by N.A. Krasnegor, G.D. Grave, and N. Kretchmer. xiii + 218 pp. Caldwell, NJ: The Telford Press. 1988, $45.00 (cloth), $27.50 (paper)
- Author
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Claude Bouchard
- Subjects
Gerontology ,Anthropology ,Perspective (graphical) ,Genetics ,medicine ,Sociology ,Anatomy ,medicine.disease ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Childhood obesity - Published
- 1990
35. Obesity and Severity Outcomes in COVID-19 Children: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis.
- Author
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Farahdina, Farahdina, Adila, Vatine, Faizi, Muhammad, Rochmah, Nur, and Hisbiyah, Yuni
- Subjects
CHILDHOOD obesity ,OVERWEIGHT children ,COVID-19 ,HOSPITAL care of children ,CHILD patients ,OBESITY - Abstract
Objective: This study has an aim to analyze the association between pediatric obesity with outcomes of COVID-19 in terms of hospital and ICU admission as well as mortality, considering the are limited studies available that discuss the issue. Methods: This is a meta-analysis whose investigation was conducted between June to July. Published papers were obtained from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. This study utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist for protocol assurance. Keywords applied in the systematic search include ["COVID-19"] and ["Children"] and ["Obesity"] or ["Obese"]. Results: The analysis in this study shows that obese children are at higher risk for ICU admission (OR: 3.92 [95%CI: 3.49-4.40], p = <0.00001) and mortality (OR: 4.29 [95%CI: 3.76-4.89], p = <0.00001). The odds for obese children to be hospitalized for COVID-19 were found to be (OR: 1.72 [95%CI: 0.83-3.60], p = 0.15) but was not significantly correlated. Conclusion: Our data indicate that paediatric patients are more likely to be admitted for ICU and have a higher risk of mortality when they are obese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
36. impact of hot food takeaways near schools in the UK on childhood obesity: a systematic review of the evidence.
- Author
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Turbutt, Claire, Richardson, Janet, and Pettinger, Clare
- Subjects
CINAHL database ,CONVENIENCE foods ,ECOLOGY ,FOOD habits ,FOOD supply ,MEDICAL databases ,INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,MEDLINE ,NUTRITION policy ,CHILDHOOD obesity ,ONLINE information services ,RESTAURANTS ,STUDENT health ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,AMED (Information retrieval system) - Abstract
Background Obesity is the greatest health issue for this generation; schools have improved food offered within their grounds. The built environment surrounding schools and pupils' journeys home have not received the same level of attention. This review identified papers on impacts of hot food takeaways surrounding schools in the UK. Methods Methods were informed by the PRISMA (QUORUM) guidelines for systematic reviews. Searches were completed in 12 databases. Results A total of 14 papers were included and quality assured before data extraction. Three descriptive themes were found; descriptions of hot food takeaway's geography and impacts concerning schools, strategic food policy and pupils reported food behaviour. Conclusions Most included studies compared anthropometric measures with geographical location of hot food takeaways to find correlations between environment and childhood obesity. There was good evidence of more hot food takeaways in deprived areas and children who spend time in deprived neighbourhoods tend to eat more fast food and have higher BMIs. Few studies were able to quantify the correlation between school's environment and obesity amongst pupils. This lack of evidence is likely a factor of the studies' ability to identify the correlation rather than lack of a correlation between the two variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Policy papers published last week.
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CHILDHOOD obesity ,PREVENTION of school bullying - Abstract
The article lists the policy papers published in Great Britain in April 2021 on topics like childhood obesity, school bullying prevention, and distance learning.
- Published
- 2021
38. Weighing up the future: a meta-ethnography of household perceptions of the National Child Measurement Programme in England.
- Author
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Hawking, Meredith K. D., Dezateux, Carol, and Swinglehurst, Deborah
- Subjects
PUBLIC health surveillance ,META-synthesis ,CAREGIVERS ,CHILDHOOD obesity ,INTERVIEWING ,MENTAL health ,GOVERNMENT programs ,FAMILY attitudes ,WEIGHT loss ,RESEARCH funding ,BODY mass index ,EMOTIONS ,HEALTH promotion ,PARENTS ,BEHAVIOR modification ,BULLYING ,EATING disorders - Abstract
The English National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP) is a nationally mandated public health programme. It provides data for child excess weight indicators in the Public Health Outcomes Framework, part of the government's approach to reducing childhood obesity. Drawing on a meta-ethnographic synthesis of household members' experiences of the programme, we conceptualise the NCMP as a 'technique of futuring' to generate new insights into how it (re)shapes and (re)imagines past, present, and future responsibilities and practices for overweight children, parents, and carers, in potentially harmful ways. For children categorised by the NCMP as overweight, the NCMP is an emotionally significant event, driving new bodily practices, new food practices and changed relationships with peers. This paper outlines how parents come to resist and reframe the programme and its results, to protect their children from a weight-focused future. They consider the potential risks of bullying, dysfunctional eating, and mental health consequences more important than future risks of overweight. We show how parents of children categorised as overweight preserve their claim to 'responsible' and 'good' parenting amongst peers, whilst shifting the blame for childhood obesity to other, 'irresponsible' parents, thus reproducing moralising and responsibilising discourses inherent within the 'behaviour change' messaging of the NCMP and associated research. Finally, we consider a central paradox of this programme and the use of NCMP population level monitoring data to (re)shape lives at the individual and social level – the children it sets out to help are the most likely to experience harm as a result of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. A Randomised Control Trial Investigating the Efficacy of the MapMe Intervention on Parental Ability to Correctly Categorise Overweight in Their Child and the Impact on Child BMI Z-Score Change at 1 Year.
- Author
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Jones, Angela R., Mann, Kay D., Cutler, Laura R., Pearce, Mark S., Tovée, Martin J., Ells, Louisa J., Araujo-Soares, Vera, Arnott, Bronia, Harris, Julie M., and Adamson, Ashley J.
- Subjects
PREVENTION of obesity ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,CHILDHOOD obesity ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,LEANNESS ,COMPARATIVE studies ,HEALTH behavior ,RESEARCH funding ,PARENT-child relationships ,BODY mass index ,STATISTICAL sampling - Abstract
Research suggests parental ability to recognise when their child has overweight is limited. It is hypothesised that recognition of child overweight/obesity is fundamental to its prevention, acting as a potential barrier to parental action to improve their child's health-related behaviours and/or help seeking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of an intervention (MapMe) to improve parental ability to correctly categorise their child as having overweight one-month post-intervention, and reduce child body mass index (BMI) z-score 12 months post-intervention. MapMe consists of body image scales of known child BMI and information on the consequences of childhood overweight, associated health-related behaviours and sources of support. We conducted a three-arm (paper-based MapMe, web-based MapMe and control) randomised control trial in fifteen English local authority areas with parents/guardians of 4–5- and 10–11-year-old children. Parental categorisation of child weight status was assessed using the question 'How would you describe your child's weight at the moment?' Response options were: underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and very overweight. Child weight status and BMI z-scores were calculated using objectively measured height and weight data and UK90 clinical thresholds. There was no difference in the percentage of parents correctly categorising their child as having overweight/very overweight (n = 264: 41% control, 48% web-based, and 43% paper-based, p = 0.646). BMI z-scores were significantly reduced for the intervention group at 12 months post-intervention compared to controls (n = 338, mean difference in BMI z-score change −0.11 (95% CI −0.202 to −0.020, p = 0.017). MapMe was associated with a decrease in BMI z-score 12 months post-intervention, although there was no direct evidence of improved parental ability to correctly categorise child overweight status. Further work is needed to replicate these findings in a larger sample of children, investigate mechanisms of action, and determine the use of MapMe as a public health initiative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Enjoyment of Physical Activity among Children and Adolescents: A Concept Analysis.
- Author
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Bajamal, Eman, Abou Hashish, Ebtsam Aly, and Robbins, Lorraine B.
- Subjects
SCHOOL health services ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) ,SELF-perception ,CHILDHOOD obesity ,PLEASURE ,COGNITION ,PHYSICAL activity ,SELF-efficacy ,SCHOOL nursing ,HEALTH behavior ,EXERCISE ,CONCEPTS ,HIGH school students ,PHYSICAL education ,BODY image ,CHILDREN ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Although enjoyment has been linked to participation in physical activity (PA), a thorough analysis of the concept is lacking. Health-related behavior research emphasizes the necessity of focusing on individual psychological requirements, such as enjoyment in PA, to boost children and adolescents' motivation for PA. The current paper is a report on a conceptual analysis of the enjoyment of PA among children and adolescents. We adopted the concept analysis procedure by Walker and Avant. Several databases (PubMed, CINAHL, ERIC, PsychInfo, and Sport Discus) were searched and used to extract relevant articles about the enjoyment of PA. The review process yielded a final set of 72 papers. A refined definition of enjoyment in PA, attributes, cases, antecedents, and consequences of enjoyment in PA were presented. A conceptual understanding of enjoyment in PA can enable nurses to plan interventions that help children and adolescents get appropriate PA and improve their health habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Childhood Obesity: Scientometric Mapping of Indian Research During the Last Two Decades.
- Author
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Dayal, Devi, Bansal, Madhu, Bansal, Jivesh, and Gupta, Brij Mohan
- Subjects
CHILDHOOD obesity ,H-index (Citation analysis) ,MEDICAL sciences ,CITATION indexes ,DATABASES - Abstract
Background: The prevalence of childhood obesity (CHO) has gradually increased in India over the past two decades and has necessitated advanced research to address it. Assessing CHO-related research conducted so far is necessary to guide future research. However, a bibliometric assessment of Indian CHO research is unavailable. Aim: The study aimed to map the CHO research published in India during the last two decades. Materials and Methods: The publication data was retrieved from Elsevier's Scopus database using a predefined search strategy. The quality of publications was assessed using indicators such as citations per paper (CPP), relative citation index (RCI), and Hirsch index (HI). Results: India contributed 705 (1.8%) to a global total of 37,762 publications and is currently ranked 15th in CHO-related research; the top 3 countries are the USA, UK, and Australia with 38.1%, 9.6%, and 6.5% publication share respectively. The annual growth in India's publications was 27.4% compared to the global average of 8.7%. The research quality has declined (average CPP 50.6 during 2002-2011 and 25.4 during 2012-2021). Only 25.2% of publications were internationally collaborative. The most productive organizations were AIIMS, New Delhi, PGIMER, Chandigarh, and St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, whereas Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, J&K, and Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi were the most impactful. CS Yajnik, N Tandon, and V Khadilkar were the most prolific, whereas A Laxmaiah, HPS Sachdev, and V Mohan were the most impactful authors. Seven of the ten top productive journals were Indian, but only three were among the most impactful. Conclusion: India lags in CHO research behind other countries having similar current and future projections for the prevalence of CHO. Its research output, but not impact, has increased over the past two decades. India's international collaboration in CHO research is meager. Our analysis identifies the contributions of various stakeholders in addressing CHO and provides a framework for researchers, policymakers, organizations, and national government for future research to develop interventions for effective prevention and control of CHO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The experience of life events and body composition in middle childhood: a population-based study
- Author
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Sara Hannani, Henning Tiemeier, Ivonne P M Derks, Pauline W. Jansen, Florianne O L Vehmeijer, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus MC other, and Pediatrics
- Subjects
Adult ,Pediatric Obesity ,RC620-627 ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Clinical nutrition ,Adversity ,Middle childhood ,Body composition ,Childhood obesity ,Body Mass Index ,BMI ,Absorptiometry, Photon ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,Short Paper ,Humans ,Adverse childhood experiences ,Child ,Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases ,Socioeconomic status ,Retrospective Studies ,Adiposity ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Life events ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Population based study ,Structured interview ,Female ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,business ,Demography - Abstract
While studies suggest potential influences of childhood adversities on obesity development in adulthood, less is known about the short-term association in children. We examined the association between a wide range of life events experienced in the first ten years of life (including maltreatment and milder adversities) and body composition in 5333 ten-year old Dutch children. In structured interviews, mothers retrospectively reported on their children’s experience of 24 events. BMI was calculated, and fat mass index and fat free mass index were determined by dual-x-ray absorptiometry scanning. Linear regressions showed that, unadjusted, a higher number of life events was associated with higher BMI and body composition. However, associations attenuated to non-significance after adjustment for covariates. Similar findings were observed for maltreatment and milder life events. Thus, the number of experienced life events was not associated with body composition in middle childhood. Rather, other factors, like socioeconomic conditions, accounted for the relationship between life events and weight development in children. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-021-01188-7.
- Published
- 2021
43. A systematic review of the use of dietary self-monitoring in behavioural weight loss interventions: delivery, intensity and effectiveness.
- Author
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Raber, Margaret, Liao, Yue, Rara, Anne, Schembre, Susan M, Krause, Kate J, Strong, Larkin, Daniel-MacDougall, Carrie, and Basen-Engquist, Karen
- Subjects
WEIGHT loss ,OBESITY ,ADULTS ,MOBILE apps ,CHILDHOOD obesity ,OBESITY treatment ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,DIET ,RESEARCH funding - Abstract
Objective: To identify dietary self-monitoring implementation strategies in behavioural weight loss interventions.Design: We conducted a systematic review of eight databases and examined fifty-nine weight loss intervention studies targeting adults with overweight/obesity that used dietary self-monitoring.Setting: NA.Participants: NA.Results: We identified self-monitoring implementation characteristics, effectiveness of interventions in supporting weight loss and examined weight loss outcomes among higher and lower intensity dietary self-monitoring protocols. Included studies utilised diverse self-monitoring formats (paper, website, mobile app, phone) and intensity levels (recording all intake or only certain aspects of diet). We found the majority of studies using high- and low-intensity self-monitoring strategies demonstrated statistically significant weight loss in intervention groups compared with control groups.Conclusions: Based on our findings, lower and higher intensity dietary self-monitoring may support weight loss, but variability in adherence measures and limited analysis of weight loss relative to self-monitoring usage limits our understanding of how these methods compare with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Relationship between childhood obesity and socio-economic status among primary school children in Costa Rica
- Author
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Jeancarlo Cordoba, Ivannia Caravaca, Tatiana Gamboa-Gamboa, Romain Fantin, and Ingrid Gómez-Duarte
- Subjects
Costa Rica ,Pediatric Obesity ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Overweight ,Logistic regression ,Childhood obesity ,Body Mass Index ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Economic Status ,Humans ,Child ,education ,Socioeconomic status ,education.field_of_study ,Schools ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Geography ,Rural area ,medicine.symptom ,Research Paper ,Demography - Abstract
Objective:This article analyses the relationship between socio-economic status and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the primary school population in Costa Rica.Design:A National School Weight/Height Census was disseminated across Costa Rica in 2016. The percentage of children who were overweight or obese was calculated by sex, age and socio-economic indicators (type of institution: private, public, mix; type of geographic location: rural, urban and the level of development of the district of residence: quartiles). A mixed-effects multinomial logistic regression model and mixed-effects logistic regression model were used to analyse the association between the prevalence of being overweight or obese and district socio-economic status.Setting:The survey was carried out in public and private primary schools across Costa Rica in 2016.Participants:In total, 347 366 students from 6 to 12 years were enrolled in public and private primary schools.Results:The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children was 34·0 %. Children in private schools were more likely to be overweight or obese than students in public schools (OR = 1·10 [1·07, 1·13]). Additionally, children were less likely to be overweight or obese if attending a school in a district of the lowest socio-economic quartile compared with the highest socio-economic quartile (OR = 0·79 [0·75, 0·83]) and in a rural area compared with the urban area (OR = 0·92 [0·87, 0·97]).Conclusions:Childhood obesity in Costa Rica continues to be a public health problem. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children was associated with indicators of higher socio-economic status.
- Published
- 2021
45. Do Peers Matter? Unhealthy Food and Beverages Preferences among Children in a Selected Rural Province in China.
- Author
-
Zhou, Mi, Bian, Biyu, and Huang, Li
- Subjects
FOOD preferences ,RURAL children ,PEER pressure ,CHILDHOOD obesity ,FIELD research ,JUNK food - Abstract
With the growing problem of childhood obesity, unhealthy dietary preferences among children have become an issue of worldwide concern. This article examines the class-peer effect of these preferences using random class assignment data from a field survey. The results show significant positive peer effects for both unhealthy food and beverages preference. These results remained robust after controlling for endogeneity issues using instrumental variables. Further analysis of the mechanism of peer effect shows that the better the relationship between classmates, the greater the influence peers have on unhealthy diet preferences among rural children. The same peer effect is found in situations where it is easy for children to obtain unhealthy food and beverages. The analysis of heterogeneity finds that the peer effects of unhealthy dietary preferences are stronger for girls, older students, and obese students. This paper also discusses the role of parents and schools in mitigating the peer effect. This paper proposes policy recommendations for rural areas in China to improve dietary preferences in children. These results may also provide useful guidelines for policy in other developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Relationships Between the Home Learning Environment, Weight Status, and Dietary Intake: Results From a Cross-Sectional Study of Preschool-Aged Children in New South Wales, Australia
- Author
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Rachel A. Jones, Anthony D. Okely, and Megan L Hammersley
- Subjects
Pediatric Obesity ,Cross-sectional study ,education ,Psychological intervention ,Cognitive stimulation ,Overweight ,Childhood obesity ,Food group ,Eating ,03 medical and health sciences ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Obesity ,Child ,Home learning environment ,Original Paper ,030505 public health ,Dietary intake ,05 social sciences ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Feeding Behavior ,medicine.disease ,Early childhood development ,Health psychology ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Child, Preschool ,Household income ,New South Wales ,medicine.symptom ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
The home learning environment is a potential correlate of childhood obesity and obesity-related factors. We examined relationships between the home learning environment and weight status and the home learning environment and dietary intake, in a sample of 303 preschool-aged children from Australia. We measured their height and weight, and their parents completed a questionnaire that included questions related to demographics, dietary intake, and the home learning environment. Parents reported their children’s usual consumption of foods from each food group, the frequency of their discretionary food intake, and the frequency of home activities that might support cognitive stimulation. We analysed relationships using regression, adjusting for parents’ education level, and household income. We found no significant associations between the home learning environment and BMI or weight category. We found a significant inverse relationship between the overall home learning environment and discretionary food intake scores, but when stratified by income, this result was significant for children from lower-income families only. Regarding specific elements of the home learning environment, we found significant inverse relationships between discretionary food intake and both reading to children, and teaching them the alphabet. While reading was significant across all income levels, teaching the alphabet was only significant in children from higher-income families. We also found significant inverse relationships between discretionary food intake and: visiting a library, teaching numbers or counting, and teaching songs, poems and nursery rhymes in lower-income families only. There was no association between the home learning environment and meeting individual dietary guidelines. This area requires further research to explore broader home environment factors that may influence these relationships. We also suggest that interventions explore the use of strategies to improve the home learning environment to determine its efficacy in improving healthy eating behaviors.
- Published
- 2021
47. Sex- and weight-specific changes in the frequency of sweet treat consumption during early adolescence: a longitudinal study
- Author
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Hely Tuorila, Kaija-Leena Kolho, Heli Viljakainen, Elina Engberg, Sohvi Lommi, Department of Public Health, Medicum, Helsinki Inequality Initiative (INEQ), Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Department of Food and Nutrition, Children's Hospital, HUS Children and Adolescents, Clinicum, Tampere University, and Clinical Medicine
- Subjects
Male ,Longitudinal study ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,Total frequency ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,CHILDREN ,Overweight ,Body Mass Index ,0302 clinical medicine ,3123 Gynaecology and paediatrics ,Medicine ,Chocolate ,Child ,Finland ,0303 health sciences ,DIETARY HABITS ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Longitudinal studies ,Sugary products ,Full Papers ,3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health ,Adolescence ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,CHILDHOOD OBESITY ,3143 Nutrition ,Waist Circumference ,Waist ,Adolescent ,Early adolescence ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,SNACK FOOD-INTAKE ,Eating behaviours ,Candy ,03 medical and health sciences ,AGE ,Humans ,Eating habits ,Consumption (economics) ,PARENTING STYLE ,GENDER-DIFFERENCES ,Paediatric obesity ,business.industry ,Behaviour, Appetite and Obesity ,Feeding Behavior ,BODY-MASS INDEX ,SUGAR INTAKE ,business ,Soft drink ,Demography - Abstract
The transition from childhood to adolescence is a sensitive period, triggering changes in health- and weight-related behaviours including eating habits which likely vary between girls and boys. We aimed to characterise the changes in the frequency of consumption of select sugary foods and drinks ('sweet treats') among 4237 Finnish girls and boys during a 2-year follow-up period. Additionally, we examined four subgroups: children whose weight or waist normalised as well as children whose weight or waist circumference increased during follow-up. An FFQ was completed at 11 center dot 1 (sd 0 center dot 9) and again at 13 center dot 4 (sd 1 center dot 1) years of age. A sum variable sweet treat index (STI, range 0-84) captured the weekly consumption frequencies of sweet treats. From baseline to follow-up, the mean STI decreased among girls from 7 center dot 1 (95 % CI 6 center dot 9, 7 center dot 3) to 6 center dot 0 (95 % CI 5 center dot 9, 6 center dot 2) (P < 0 center dot 001) and boys from 8 center dot 5 (95 % CI 8 center dot 3, 8 center dot 8) to 7 center dot 8 (95 % CI 7 center dot 6, 7 center dot 8) (P < 0 center dot 001), although both sexes increased their chocolate/sweets consumption: girls from 1 center dot 3 (95 % CI 1 center dot 3, 1 center dot 4) to 1 center dot 6 (95 % CI 1 center dot 5, 1 center dot 6) (P < 0 center dot 001) and boys from 1 center dot 4 (95 % CI 1 center dot 3, 1 center dot 4) to 1 center dot 6 (95 % CI 1 center dot 6, 1 center dot 7) (P < 0 center dot 001), and boys increased their soft drink consumption from 1 center dot 4 (95 % CI 1 center dot 3, 1 center dot 4) to 1 center dot 5 (95 % CI 1 center dot 4, 1 center dot 5) (P = 0 center dot 020). We found similar decreases in both the weight and waist subgroups. To conclude, the total frequency of consumption of sweet treats decreased during early adolescence. A similar trend across subgroups suggests that the frequency of consumption of sweet treats is unrelated to becoming overweight.
- Published
- 2021
48. CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK AMONG MONTENEGRIN URBAN CHILDREN IN RELATION TO OBESITY AND GENDER
- Author
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Goran Belojevic, Marina Jaksic, Milica Martinovic, Nebojsa Kavaric, and Aleksandra Klisic
- Subjects
Male ,Kardiometabolički rizik ,Pretilost u djece ,Hipertenzija ,Metabolički sindrom ,Cardiometabolic risk ,Childhood obesity ,Hypertension ,Metabolic syndrome ,Urban Population ,Overweight ,Body Mass Index ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Obesity ,Original Scientific Papers ,Child ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Cohort ,Medicine ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Body mass index ,Demography - Abstract
Considering previously reported discrepant results in the literature, we aimed to investigate the impact of gender and overweight/obesity on cardiometabolic risk (CMR) among Montenegrin urban children. The cross-sectional study included random sample of 201 schoolchildren aged 7-12 years (64% of boys) from Podgorica. Children’s nutritional status was determined according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria. CMR was assessed using a sum of z values of the following five indicators: glucose, total cholesterol, inverted value of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and hypertension. Higher CMR was found among both overweight and obese boys compared to normal weight boys (p, Imajući u vidu oprečne podatke iz literature, cilj našega istraživanja je bio ispitati utjecaj spola i pretilosti na kardiometabolički rizik (KMR) kod gradske djece u Crnoj Gori. Studija presjeka je obuhvatila slučajni uzorak od 201 učenika u dobi od 7-12 godina (64% dječaci) iz Podgorice. Nutritivni status djece procijenjen je prema kriterijima International Obesity Task Force. KMR je izračunat kao zbir z vrijednosti dobivenih zbrajanjem 5 parametara: glukoze, ukupnog kolesterola, inverzne koncentracije kolesterola u lipoproteinima visoke gustoće, triglicerida i visokog krvog tlaka. Pretili i debeli dječaci su imali veći KMR u usporedbi s normalno uhranjenim dječacima (p
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- 2021
49. Advertising healthy eating to young consumers: insights from English and Swedish adolescents.
- Author
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Sherrington, Anna Maria, Oakes, Steve, and Hunter-Jones, Philippa
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FOOD habits ,YOUNG consumers ,SOCIAL cognitive theory ,FOOD advertising ,TEENAGERS ,CHILDHOOD obesity - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to ascertain how to advertise healthy eating to adolescents in a bid to respond to global childhood obesity. Using an interpretivist research design, a three-year, bi-national study was conducted with English and Swedish participants aged 12–14. Creative research methods explored their relationship to food advertising, consumer self-perception and their own creative recommendations. By taking the adolescents' perspective, the paper reports on creative strategies likely to increase their receptiveness to healthy food advertising, e.g. use of visual statistics, branding and a departure from the healthy-versus-unhealthy dichotomy. The paper recommends additions to social cognitive theory, an underutilised theory within marketing, by infusing the model with a social marketing orientation intent upon increasing its utility when advertising healthy eating to adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
- Full Text
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50. Exploring global research status and trends in anti-obesity effects of traditional Chinese medicine through intestinal microbiota: a bibliometric study.
- Author
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Wenjing Huang, Jiuyuan Wang, Min Kuang, Zixuan Xiao, Boyan Fan, Guixiang Sun, and Zhoujin Tan
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CHINESE medicine ,GUT microbiome ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,METABOLIC disorders ,DISEASE resistance of plants ,CHILDHOOD obesity - Abstract
Background: The intestinal microbiota (IM) has been found to contribute to metabolic disorders that lead to excessive fat accumulation, systemic and chronic low-grade inflammation, and insulin resistance in the host. Current research highlights a pivotal interaction between IM and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in mitigating obesity-related diseases. Undeniably, IM stands as a central focus in TCM research aimed at preventing and treating obesity. Therefore, tracing the progress and trends in this field can offer valuable references and insights for future studies. Methods: On June 17, 2023, we conducted a literature search on the topic of "IM and obesity in TCM" spanning the period from 2009 to 2023. We extracted the primary information of the publications, which includes complete records and reference citations, from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) within the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). To visualize and analyze the literature, we utilized CiteSpace and VOSviewer for bibliometric analysis. Results: During the past fifteen years, a rapid increase in the number of publications has been observed. The cooperative networks demonstrate China, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Food & Function as the most active countries, organizations, and journals in this field, respectively. Liu Bin has contributed the most publications. A paper by Xu Jia, published in 2014, holds the highest Local Citation Score (LCS). Analyses of keyword co-occurrence and reference co-citation indicate that the research hotspots of IM and obesity in TCM are primarily focused on the metabolic benefits driven by endogenous functional metabolic molecules generated by TCM regulation of IM. Other focal points include the mechanism by which TCM regulates IM to restore the intestinal mucosal barrier This is a provisional file, not the final typeset article, and manages the gut-organ axis, the metabolic advantages of acupuncture's regulation of IM, and the process by which Chinese medicine small molecules transform IM. Conclusion: This research offers a comprehensive understanding of the current status, hotspots, and trends in global TCM research. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive summary and exploration of the latest advancements in this field, thereby emphasizing the essence of TCM more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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