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The aim of this study was to describe and compare routines and behaviors in a sample of children from three countries during the mandatory quarantine of the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyze their connections to anxiety. A total of 335 children aged 3 to 7 years from Spain, Argentina and the United States participated in the study. The instruments used were the Routine and Behavior Scale (RBS) and the Preschool Anxiety Scale (PAS). Using network sampling through online questionnaires in Spanish and English, the results showed differences in routines and behaviors patterns in participants from countries under confinement, as well as higher anxiety scores. The negative repercussions of confinement may affect a child’s welfare. It is therefore necessary to carry out cross-cultural studies in order to enable the early detection of psychopathological symptoms and promote prevention and intervention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Child Problematic Traits Inventory (CPTI) is a teacher-reported instrument to assess psychopathic personality traits in 3 to 6-year-old children (M=4.78, SD=.60). This is the first study to test the reliability and validity of this instrument within a Portuguese sample of 264 children aged between 3 to 6 years (43.2% female). Cronbach alpha values greater than .80 were observed for all CPTI scale scores. Regarding the criterion validity, CPTI total and its three dimensions were significantly correlated with an alternative measure of impulsiveness. The CPTI items loaded differently on the three theoretically proposed factors: (1) Interpersonal/Grandiose-Deceitful, (2) Affective/Callous-Unemotional, and (3) Behavioral/Impulsive-Need for Stimulation. The Total CPTI and the three dimensions of CPTI were significantly correlated with the alternative measure of Impulsiveness - CBQ Impulsivity subscale (r=.37Total; .29Interpersonal; .26Affective; .45Behavioral). In conclusion, our findings suggest that the CPTI is a psychometrically sound measure to assess psychopathic personality traits in a sample of community-residing Portuguese children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children’s attributions towards withdrawn behaviors are usually determined by the particular social milieu in which they develop and tend to influence their behaviors and reactions. The aim of this work was to compare the attributions towards two subtypes of social withdrawal (shyness and unsociability) referred by children from three different contexts in Mendoza, Argentina: urban, urban-marginalized and rural. Participants were 221 kindergarten children from these contexts (urban: n = 82, Mmonths = 62.33; urban-marginalized: n = 72, Mmonths = 60.47; rural: n = 67, Mmonths = 63.07). Children were individually interviewed with a series of graphic vignettes with hypothetical characters displaying shy and unsociable behaviors, and for comparison purposes were also assessed aggressive and socially competent behaviors. After each vignette, children were asked a series of questions designed to assess their attributions toward each behavior in six dimensions: intentionality, social motivation, affiliative preference, social status, negative impact and sympathy. The results of this study showed that young children in the three contexts were able to distinguish social withdrawal from other types of behaviors (i.e., aggressiveness and sociability). Overall, withdrawn behaviors received more positive attributions (greater affiliative preference, better social position and less negative impact) than aggressive behaviors, although they were also perceived negatively in relation to more socially competent behaviors (the latter were attributed greater affiliative preference and best position within the peer group). Furthermore, it was observed that children from the three contexts made clearly distinctions among the different forms of social withdrawal in terms of intentionality and social motivation. Specifically, they reported that compared with unsociable characters, shy ones are more socially motivated and less intentional in their behavior, evocating greater feelings of compassion. However, some peculiarities can be appreciated in each context. The results indicated that children in the urban group reported greater feelings of sympathy for the shy character in relation to the unsociable, which was not evidenced in the other groups. In addition, children from the rural sample showed a greater preference for interact with the hypothetical shy peer than with the unsociable character and this inclination was also greater when compared with the urban sample. Taken together, these results may suggest that different socialization norms and expectations would evoke different meanings and implications to the socially withdrawn manifestations. It might be possible that in urban contexts children’s socialization expectations highlight extraversion and self-affirming behaviors which generate more empathetic reactions in front of passive or fearful manifestations as shyness. On the other hand, rural children may prefer peers who display shy behaviors possibly because it is in line with expectations of social cohesion and modesty that are value in this milieu. Nevertheless, no differences were found between shy and unsociable behaviors in any of the contexts in terms of social position and negative impact that they anticipated for the peer group. These results could provide some support for the idea that social withdrawal tends to be globally perceived as benign at an early age, and especially in the rural context, where it is a frequent and valued behavior. Although it is not possible with the limited variables included in this study to know which are the specific contextual aspects that affect some attributions and through what mechanisms they do so, these findings are an important starting point to continue deepening the socialization processes in urban, urban-marginalized and rural young children. This study is also one of the first to evaluate the knowledge and attributions of Argentinean children from different social context toward social withdrawal and provides new evidence on the differences in the cultural meaning and implications of withdrawn behaviors in early childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work proposes to carry out a systematic review on the different problems in mental health in childhood and adolescence, in order to describe the proposed approaches and their methodological perspectives. The systematic review, according to the PRISMA Declaration, is carried out in March 2022 and twenty-nine scientific articles are selected from 6 databases that refer to publications in Spanish between 2022-2020, where it is concluded that childhoods and adolescents they are a group of subjects with an importance not only for their development but also for the problems that have always affected them, especially from the effects produced by the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to their neurodevelopmental processes, learning, lifestyles, human rights and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Diversitas (17949998) is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas, Facultad de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this narrative review is to present an update on children 's emotional self-regulation, emphasizing its conceptual development, the instruments available for its evaluation instruments and the importance of an integrated psychological assessment. Various sources of information were reviewed, especially journal articles in specialized databases, as well as reference authors in the local environment. It concludes by pointing out the importance of this concept in various fields, such as basic and clinical training in areas of evaluation and psychotherapeutic treatment. The importance of the study of children 's emotional self-regulation in childhood is also pointed out, since it is directly linked to the processes of mental health, socialization and academic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In line with the growing attention to mental health and stress in children, the present study analyzed the existence of differentiated profiles of coping in response to everyday stressors. The study also examined whether the identified profiles differed in levels of self-compassion. Method: 487 children (9 - 12 years old), selected by convenience sampling, participated in the study. A cross-sectional, ex post facto design was used. Results: Four coping profiles were identified: a profile with low use of coping strategies (LCP), a profile with predominantly approach coping strategies (ACP), a profile with high use of all coping strategies (HMP) and a profile with moderate use of all strategies (MMP). The ACP and HMP profiles demonstrated significantly higher levels of positive self-compassion, whereas the HMP, LCP and MMP profiles demonstrated significantly higher levels of negative self-compassion than the ACP profile. Conclusions: These findings make it possible to determine the profiles of children who are more and less functional in terms of their psychological resources for coping with day-to-day stress. This may encourage the development of more individualized interventions in order to prevent childhood stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is a wellestablished treatment for behavioural, hyperactivity and oppositionaldefiant problems in children. Previous meta-analyses are scarce, and they have tended to mix problems and measures. Objective: A meta-analysis study was conducted with all available studies on PCIT (1980 to 2020) to determine its specific efficacy and effectiveness for child behavioural problems. Method: Selection from databases collected a total of 100 studies. The inclusion criteria were to compare PCIT in children with behavioural problems between 2 and 12 years of age; comparing groups and using standardized instruments. Results: PCIT exhibited a significant mean effect size (d = -0.87 [95% CI: -1.10, -0.63] versus control and/or treatment-as-usual groups, but the effect size was smaller and not significant in follow-ups (d = -0.23 [95% CI: -0.49, 0.04]). The withingroup studies, comparing versions of PCIT, also demonstrated a significant effect size (d = -0.26 (95% CI: -0.43, -0.08), and in pre-post comparisons this effect was greater (d = -1.40 [95% CI: -1.69, -1.10]). Conclusions: PCIT is an effective intervention for treating child behaviour problems such as disruptive, hyperactive, negative, and externalizing problems. It is supported by 40 years of experimental and clinical studies, and also by this meta-analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, parents must develop strategies to accompany their children in the use of digital technologies. The reason for this is that the internet is a social space. Online life offers possibilities for individual and social development, but it also promotes the emergence of new risks such as sexting, cyberbullying, and cyber dependence. There are two ways parents can guide their children: parental mediation and parental control. Parental mediation is the set of actions that parents take to manage the use and consumption of the media by their sons and daughters. There are three types of parental mediation: restrictive mediation, permissive mediation, and active mediation. In this context, this research aims to correlate mediation and parental control strategies with their use of the internet for children and adolescents. The EU Kids Online survey was used to achieve this goal. This questionnaire was adapted for the Colombian population through expert review and cognitive validation to children and adolescents in Medellin, Cali, and Cartagena (Colombia). The adaptation followed the procedures and standards of Kids Online Brasil and Kids Online Chile. The stratified and non-probabilistic sample consisted of 303 children and adolescents aged 9 to 17 years from ten cities in Colombia. The results indicate that the more parental control, the shorter the child connection time. Whether it's behavioral or psychological control. While the greater the psychological control of the mother, the greater the presence of addictive behaviors of children and adolescents to the internet and cell phone. Besides, the more psychological control of the mother, the more risky behaviors the children assume. Conversely, if the mother performs greater behavioral control, the presence of risky behaviors in the child is less. Also, restrictive control of internet use has a higher relationship with a lower presence of general risk behaviors and lower risks assumed by children on the internet. This was also related to high rates of restrictive mediation by parents. As conclusions, it is possible to say that any type of control that parents exercise over their children's use of the internet (restrictive, co-visioned or technical) is related to shorter connection time and less cell phone addiction. Besides, a conflicting relationship with the mother increases the addictive behaviors of the internet and the smartphone. Especially when the kind of control the mother exerts is psychological. Whereas, if the mother exerts greater behavioral control, the presence of risky behaviors in the child is less. This research could serve as the basis for the design and implementation of psychoeducational training programs for parents and caregivers aimed at developing effective parental mediation skills and strate gies to guide children and adolescents in their use of digital technologies. Also, the findings of this study could lay the scientific basis for the presentation of social projects that impact public policies on the responsible and healthy use of the internet. Moreover, when Colombia has a Ministry of Information and Communication Technologies and media outreach strategies on ICT care. Finally, researches done in psychology about this topic are limited in Latin America. For this reason, the findings of this work are a significant step forward on the explanation of ITC use in the region from a disciplinary point of view. This article seeks to encourage researchers to continue to advance their knowledge of the relationships between parental mediation and the use of the internet by children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to analyze different forms of agency assumed by children and young people with respect to child protection policies, specifically, in terms of adoption or foster care processes. To this end, I apply an ethnographic approach to describe and analyze the institutional logic behind the operation of certain residential homes, the guidelines and sanctions that regulate the behavior of the children and young people housed there, and how they, in turn, make sense of and heighten the monitoring and control of these institutions. Secondly, I examine the ways in which children and young people develop their capacity for agency by engaging in dialogue or confronting the officials of the entities that promote and protect their rights; how they attribute meaning to the official's decisions, and how they seek to avoid them or propose alternatives. This paper supports the production of knowledge on how children and young people contribute to shaping social life and, at the same time, is intended to deepen the government's analysis of this sector of the population. I maintain that far from considering state intervention on children and young people as homogeneous and totalizing, the cases reveal the different nuances assumed by child government and how this variability creates the conditions to enable them to carry out their projects. The materials I present and analyze here are the result of field work, carried out over ten years, between 2009 and 2019, in households and entities that promote and protect rights, in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behavioral inhibition is a temperament trait characterized by extreme fear in the face of novelty. Behavioral inhibition has been associated with the development of mental disorders. However, there is a lack of research examining the socioemotional and behavioral characteristics of behaviorally inhibited children both in family and school settings. For a more comprehensive and in-depth overview of children's behavior in each of these contexts, this study has collected data from both parents (mother and father-family setting) and from teachers (educational environment). The sample consisted of 109 children aged between 4 and 6 years old. Multi-informant approach was used: all fathers, mothers and teachers completed both the Preschool Behavioral Inhibition Scales, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for parents and teachers, and the Behavior Assessment System for Children and Adolescents (BASC). Our findings revealed that children classified as behavioral inhibition exhibit less socioemotional and behavioral adjustments than their uninhibited peers both in family and school contexts. Further, the shyness variable seemed to be strongly associated with behavioral inhibition, regardless of informant and context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific study of social withdrawal, shyness and loneliness in childhood has had an important increase in recent years, producing a wide variety of perspectives. Objective: the goal of the present study was to explore the current approaches to the subject. Method: a systematic review of the scientific literature was carried out, identifying similarities and differences around the concepts, the main issues and the predominant evaluation methods. a classification of the lines of research is characterized according to three approaches: biological, cognitive and motivational. Discussion: challenges for the future within each perspective are outlined and the importance of progressing in the knowledge of these variables for promoting children's mental health is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychopathy is a disorder that occurs primarily in males. Offenders with psychopathic traits are responsible for a disproportionate amount of crime in society, particularly violent crime. Early childhood is a time when individual differences in empathy and guilt—key indicators of the construct of psychopathy—are first evident. A growing number of longitudinal studies have begun to investigate how factors in infancy and early childhood predict psychopathic‐like traits in later childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. These studies have suggested that parenting styles during infancy (parental sensitivity, maternal harsh intrusion, commenting on the emotional state of the child) as well as attachment styles are predictive of later psychopathic‐like traits. In addition, child characteristics such as temperament and the functioning of biological systems such as the autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis are predictive. Overall, studies have suggested that at least some of the origins of psychopathic traits are present in infancy and early childhood, which is consistent with the perspective of psychopathy as a neurodevelopmental disorder. A recent evolutionary‐developmental model provides hypotheses regarding how psychopathy may develop and why it is more common in males than females. This model, and its implications for intervention, is discussed in the context of the longitudinal studies that have been conducted on psychopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saúde e Sociedade is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Saude Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The social cognitive career theory suggests that the development of career self-efficacy expectations begins during the childhood period. The Multidimensional Scales of Perceived Self-Efficacy (MSPSE) has been used to assess adolescents and adults' career self-efficacy. This study extends this research by assessing the psychometric characteristics of the MSPSE with children. The MSPSE factorial structure, invariance, and concurrent validity were examined with data from 313 fifth- and sixth-grade girls and boys (Mage = 10.8). Confirmatory factor analyses suggested a good fit of a hierarchical measurement model. Multi-group analyses suggested configurational and metric invariance across grade levels and across gender for the low-order factors. Still, variability in highorder factor loadings was found across gender. The MSPSE was positively correlated with career exploration and academic achievement. This study supports the use of the MSPSE with children, instills future research on children's career self-efficacy, and advances practices promoting career preparedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects on the role of cinema machine in the construction of children’s identity. Along with discussing some conceptual issues around visual language, two lines of inquiry are offered through which we try to demonstrate the performative nature of the cinematographic image in the production of childhood: the use of the film camera in psychology research of childhood and an analysis of some tropes of childhood that emerge in contemporary Chilean cinema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social construction of modern childhood emphasizes its dependence, fragility, and passive reception of adult care, making the contribution of children to care work in different everyday scenarios in which they participate, become invisible. This article presents the main findings of an empirical research, based on a critical discursive perspective whose objective was to know the discourses that children from different socioeconomic strata constructed on the parent-child relationships, focusing on the theme of daily care work, understood as a constitutive dimension of this relationship. Their discourses reflect their agency and moral competence, showing that family care relationships are held in a complex and subtle network of interdependencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research aims to determine the characteristics and problems that occur in the family functioning of 389 children and adolescents victims of serious violations of rights in Chile, through the implementation of the North Carolina Family Assessment Scale (NCFAS-G). The results identify central problems in this sample, such as a moderate socioeconomic vulnerability, difficulties in the interactions between their members and their environment (family, neighbourhood), as well as weakening of parental competences. The conclusion is that the variables of relational dynamics of the family and the couple, affective bonds, parenthood and family autonomy need to be addressed through an integral, systemic, coordinated and timely intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to seek concurrent validity evidence on the use of Pfister Colored Pyramids Test (CPT) in psychological children's evaluation from different developmental levels. 197 children from Fortaleza, Brazil participated, being 54% female, aged 6 to 11 and 6 months (M = 8,56, SD = 1,47). The ANOVA test was used comparing the CPT performance of three age groups (6-7, 8-9, and 10-11 years old). The incidence of variables related to lower emotional or cognitive development and difficulty in elaborating received stimulation (pure carpet, carpet with onset of order, and affective excitation syndrome) were significantly increased in younger children, while older children had an increase, in the associated indicator to the maturation in treatment of emotions and defensive maneuvers (Layer formation), corresponding to the one expected according to theories of development. The study corroborated to other researches that involved validity evidence to use TPC with children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflections on the imaginative manifestations of children and the ways in which they are / can be worked out in educational contexts are of great importance because they can derive various contributions to pedagogical work and consequently to child development. In this field, the following questions are relevant: Is the daily routine organized by the educator for children rich and challenging? Are there invitations to the manifestations of the children regarding the routines, the times and the spaces instituted? Is the educator capable of a sensitive listening and an attentive look at these manifestations? What do children produce in the actions and interactions that occur there is linked, in a powerful way, to the sphere of the imagination? In general, the answers to these questions are negative. For this reason, the group that developed the research and the pedagogical work carried out by their teacher was considered an instigating field and object of investigation because they represent atypical forms of valuing the children's imaginative capacity. The purpose of this work is to identify mediations in the teacher-child relationship that support in different ways, the development of the imagination (within a historicalcultural perspective) and highlight aspects of the structure of daily education, prioritizing possibilities of choice by children as an important condition in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The present study aims to explore the main effects and interactive effects of empathy, guilt, shame, pride (authentic and hubristic), and moral pride, on prosocial and antisocial behavior in children. Method: The sample group comprised 351 children aged between 10 and 14 selected from four schools in the Basque Country (Spain). Hierarchical multiple regression models were used in the statistical analyses. Results: Prosocial behavior was found to be predicted by the additive interaction between empathy and moral pride, by guilt and, to a lesser extent and negatively, by shame. In relation to antisocial behavior, children with a strong disposition to guilt scored lower for antisocial behavior, regardless of their empathy levels. Nevertheless, the combination of low empathy and low guilt levels was associated with highest antisocial behavior scores. As regards shame, this emotion was moderately associated with antisocial behavior. Conclusions: By exploring interactions the present study provided a more nuanced view of the emotional factors associated with children's prosocial and antisocial behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following essay presents faculty reflections on field experiences required for students in an introductory Philosophy of Education course. The essay is a reflective tracing on the becoming of philosophical thinking that occurs when college students spend a significant time philosophizing with younger students at local elementary sites using community of inquiry methodology. In introductory philosophy courses students are being introduced to the array of philosophical positions in education, but more importantly, they are also learning ways of thinking philosophically about issues in education. The question is how to best foster the growth of philosophical thinking in the limited weeks of a college semester with a diverse group of students. The theoretical framework for this project is informed from research on community of inquiry evidenced in the work of Matthew Lipman and Ann Sharp and research on philosophy of childhood by David Kennedy. Deborah Britzman's work on practice offers an idea of development that formulated the focus of our inquiry methodology. The authors find that communities of inquiry where adults and children interact offers additional layers of epistemology and ontology upon which to question and reflect. As college level students begin to see themselves as community members with children, conceptions of both what it means to be a philosophical thinker as well as what it means to do philosophy begin to change. There is important study opportunity for collegiate faculty to show how dialogue with children can work to transform courses in philosophy and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961) not only published in the fields of phenomenology, aesthetics, politics, and linguistics, but he also lectured as professor of child psychology, which resulted in several texts specifically devoted to the child. Most notably are the works "The Child's Relations to Others," Consciousness and the Acquisition of Language, and Child Psychology and Pedagogy: The Sorbonne Lectures, 1949-1952. And yet the question of the child occurs throughout his entire corpus. Thus, it is quite difficult to limit Merleau-Ponty's philosophy of childhood to one given text or theme, as his philosophy of childhood is the driving force behind his entire account of the self, others, and world in his philosophical project. The investigation of the child was not a phase of Merleau-Ponty's career; it was what guided his entire project. Merleau-Ponty is adamant, however, that his work in psychology and philosophy should not be viewed as separate projects. Rather, he repeatedly stresses an intertwining of philosophy and psychology, self and other, theory and praxis, and (like Freud) the lasting influence of childhood on adult life. In this vein, the following texts, both from his "philosophical" and "psychological" works, provide a sense of the significance the child plays in Merleau-Ponty's overarching project, particularly in his account of intersubjectivity and the parent-child relation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine whether the social categorization of poverty during childhood is based on essentialist beliefs. The study included 121 children, aged 5 to 7, from different socioeconomic backgrounds living in the city of Barranquilla, Colombia. The children stated that the nature of this social category is based on situations external to the individuals rather than essentialist reasons. No significant differences were found as regards age, gender or socioeconomic status (SES), except in the capacity of the respondents to self-categorize their social status. Children who find fewer differences between members and non-members of a given category tend to err in their self-categorization, which is important for the prevention of social exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of change in repeated measures studies or longitudinal studies (cross-sectional and/or cross-sequential) is of considerable interest in the field of developmental psychology. Qualitative and quantitative measures of interindividual and intraindividual variability can be used to capture changes in cognitive development. In the present study, through an empirical analysis of infant cognitive development, we investigate whether or not longitudinal (crosssectional/cross-sequential) research designs can be used interchangeably with univariate or multivariate data analysis techniques. Methodologically, longitudinal data can be processed by univariate or multivariate analysis. However, the results and their interpretation may be different, even when the necessary statistical requirements are performed. Current statistical programs incorporate techniques to test for the presence of significant differences in data, regardless of whether these are evaluated by univariate or multivariate analysis. The results of this study, conducted in infants studied at three time points (18, 21 and 24 months), show that both intraindividual and interindividual variability can be detected by repeated measures analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent among children and adolescents of school age, affecting 4-25% of this population. Universal prevention programs can strengthen protective factors and minimize risk factors, decreasing the demand for treatment for this disorder in the future. The purpose of this article was to systematically review studies based on evidence of universal prevention programs for anxiety in childhood and adolescence produced between 1985 and 2012. The search was performed by two independent researchers, at Bireme and PsycINFO, with the following keywords in combination "prevention", "anxiety", "universal", "childhood" and "adolescence", and its english equivalents. We found 197 studies and 12 met the inclusion criteria. The review shows, on the one hand, considerable progress in the international production of scientific knowledge about these interventions, but on the other, shows an important gap in national polls, as evidenced the lack of Brazilian studies on the theme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective. To obtain data of prevalence of risk of the disorder attention deficit (ADHD) in the child and adolescent population of the Canary Islands. Subjects and method. The sample used is 4858 participants of whom 2553 are girls (52.55%) and 2305 boys (47.45%) with a range of age between 6 and 16 years. Also of the total sample 2500 participants belong to primary while 2358 come from. These samples detected those participants exceeding the cut-off points in the EDAH scale versions validated for the Canary Islands. Results and conclusions. Analysis of the data gives us a global risk of 11.52% prevalence, which is why one of every seven school children could manifest this disorder. We explore the possible differences by sex and age, both in primary and secondary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Every psychopathological praxis involves a theory and a conception of the individual, the object of its study. As for the infantile clinics, this assumption is left out by a view of the child dominated by stereotypes and ignorance. Knowledge of childhood represents to account for the story, the individual statute, his/her psychical, biological, social... condition. The two specific and differential records and tools of our clinical praxis are marked: language and subjectivity. The recommendable intervention for prevention and clinical praxis is shaped upon those. With regard to prevention, by questioning the concept of vulnerability as the anomalous, and by introducing the concept of resilience as needed to understand the preventive praxis. We also rethink the false mimicry with the medical-biological model of prevention, given the specificity and genuine condition of the psychical sphere. In relation to the clinical praxis, several topics are formulated, questioning the 'scientificist -not scientific reductionism' of the psychical knowledge; the diagnostic confusion of the symptom with the disease; the 'pathologization' of behaviors, etc., among other reconsiderations of the psychopathological clinics. Finally, we have to supply the children with a place and a space where they can account for the expression of their psychical suffering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prevalence studies in infant and preschool mental health have been scarce and insufficient. Considering the ample neurobiological, psychological, economical and social evidence that has demonstrated that intervening in early years may be a highly effective strategy for lowering the rates of mental health problems, is urgent to find prevalence data about early emotional and behavioral problems. To validate an instrument called Child Behavior Checklist for ages 1.5-5 (CBCL 1-5-5). The study was made through a process with expert judges, and subsequently, reliability and validation results were obtained in a sample of 418 children from Region Metropolitana. Data from a Chilean sample confirmed the bi-factorial model originally proposed by the authors who create the instrument. Internalizing dimension account for anxious-depression symptoms', somatic complaints, and withdrawal in children, and Externalizing dimension account for atentional and behavioral problems. The CBCL 1.5-5 is a valid and reliable instrument and can be apply to Chilean reality, obtaining good signs of emotional and behavioral problems in infancy and preschool ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the MOOD Questionnaire in child population. This instrument was developed to cover the existing gap in the evaluation of mood in children. Method: The MOOD was administered to 1489 children (mean age= 9.11 years old). Results: The psychometric properties of the Mood questionnaire are adequate. Moreover, the questionnaire was associated with somatic complaints and emotional awareness. Conclusions: According to the results of the study, the use of this diagnostic tool with Spanish children seems justified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencias Psicológicas is the property of Universidad Catolica del Uruguay Damaso Antonio Larranaga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jornal de Pediatria is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work deals with a historical review of children in our country in its educational, social and sanitary side, deeper into the history and characteristics of the public attention to the mental health of our children. As in any historical reflection in this work underlyes a theoretical conception on the phenomenon under study, whereas a worthy assistance to minors is essential for prevention in mental health of the adult. Despite the different areas for improvement (unequal regional development, insufficient staffing budget, lack of effective implementation of law...), one can conclude that the situation of practical vulnerability of children with mental disorder in the early 20th century has given way to a health care network that gives a comprehensive and free care to the entire population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to discuss different conceptions of childhood; seeking to understand its relation in medieval society, assessing its image as «kindergarten» precociously inserted in the labor market. However, its primary goal is to present a brief review of the history of Brazilian Childhood, considering its concept of childhood, as well as aspects of the exploitation of child labor, abuse and sexual exploitation of children and early childhood education. Are also highlighted the cultural, economical and historical influences that can be observed throughout the structuring of the Child Psychology and Law field of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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During the last decade, a growing interest has been generated in the analysis and understanding of etiological mechanisms related to the development of psychopathic traits in childhood. Although contextual factors have been poorly studied, some approaches suggest that certain environmental factors, namely parenting practices, may play an important role in the development and expressions of psychopathic personality. In this line, this study aims to analyze, firstly, the relationship between psychopathic traits and parenting practices and, secondly, to what extent the different styles of parental socialization are related to psychopathic personality in childhood. To achieve this objective, data were collected from parents (173) and teachers (113) about 192 children (aged 6-11 years). The results show the existence of statistically significant relationships between parenting practices/styles, and the presence of psychopathic traits, both affective-interpersonal and behavioral, at early ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to analyze the use of semantic strategies on child population as well as the effect of executive function on frequency use of these strategies. A sample of 185 schooled children in private schools divided in 4 groups according to the level participated in this study. Children performed 4 learning attempts, so the quantity of used strategies along assays as well as differences from assay to assay were analyzed. Moreover, different tasks and assessment indexes about executive function were used. First, results showed that as the school level increases children tend to apply a major number of semantic strategies in learning and memory tasks. Secondly, a discriminate analysis by course of the learning curves of semantic strategies was carried out. It was possible to find that when the executive function' variable is controlled, what is obtained is a significant effect for the assay factor, and the statistic significance disappears on both acquisition and used of strategies between assays in different courses, and on differences in all the strategies used between courses. As a matter of fact, results indicate that executive function can play a roll of importance in use of strategies of coding information in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article presents the qualitative study of narratives of children from 9 to 12 years old, about the separation (divorce) of their parents. The sample consisted of 12 children (boys/girls), middle class and the analysis of the data was done according the procedures of the "Grounded Theory". The purpose of the study is to reveal the experience of Chilean children about their parents divorce and the meaning of that experience in their lives now. The study results indicate that the parental separation (divorce) is a crisis for the child, who represents it as the lost of the nuclear family. This experience affects his behavioral and socioemocional performance generating mood changes that are evident in the school and social area. After two or three years, the child manage to take some distance from the experience and evaluate it from a new perspective. Thus some of them reframing the crisis considering favorable elements identified in the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to construct and validate a psychological measure called Family Unpredictability Scale in Childhood for the Brazilian population. The study included 394 people: 158 adults in conflict with the law that had already been in prison (M=34.23 years; SD=10.17), 122 college students (M=19.26; SD=2.06), and 114 women above 40 years old and, at least, high school schooling (M=51.19; SD=8.64). Procedures of content, face and construct validity were conducted. The factor analysis generated an instrument structured in four dimensions (care/support, financial resources, food and discipline) with satisfactory reliability indexes for all of them. It was concluded that Family Unpredictability Scale in Childhood was validated to Brazilian population and that it can be used as an instrument to measure family unpredictability in childhood on the national scene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an actual synthesis (approximately last 10 years) of different papers related to peer collaboration in pre-school and school children. For that purpose, we searched different investigations concerning to this topic in several databases that have full texts. Results were organized in two sections, according two classical methodological approaches from which the topic was studied. On the one hand, the influence of collaboration on individual cognitive development, where it was clarified specific conditions in which intellectual change occurs. On the other hand, influence of multiple variables on collaborative process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]