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This study was guided by the following question, how diet contributes to maintaining adequate child nutrition, preventing obesity and health damage. Therefore, the objective of this work is to identify the relationship between children's diet and the development of childhood obesity. The bibliographic survey was carried out in the following databases: Latin American Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), and Pubmed. The search was performed based on the crossing of the keywords: "Nutrition", "Nutrition", "Childhood Obesity" e "Prevention". These descriptors were combined using the Boolean operators AND and OR. The inclusion criteria used for the selection of studies were: articles published from 2017 to 2021, in Portuguese, English and Spanish on the subject. Thus, with the use of descriptors, the research corpus resulted in 15 articles. The results showed that children mostly end up gaining more weight due to relevant factors, among them: inadequate eating habits, genetic influence, sedentary lifestyle, psychological disorders, problems related to family life, among others. It is concluded that the eating habits that must be observed to avoid childhood obesity are: avoiding the early intake of foods that do not have nutritional support, such as sugars; encourage the practice of physical activity from an early age, so that it is done in a pleasant way; encourage healthy habits at the family table, without the presence of electronic devices; to encourage a longer time for the meal; avoid excess liquids when the meal is being made and avoid excessive consumption of foods such as fried foods, caloric drinks, processed foods, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]