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We present a case of a healthy 8-year-old boy who presented with disseminated asymptomatic brown macules on the face, neck, trunk, and proximal extremities for 3 months. Dermatologic examination revealed multiple, smooth, nonscaly, brown macules involving the face, neck, trunk, and proximal limbs. The Darier′s sign was negative. Histopathologic study showed normal epidermis and basal membrane, and increasingly scattered melanophages in the papillary dermis. The final diagnosis was idiopathic eruptive macular pigmentation.

Rationale and Objectives: The purpose of this review is to acquaint the reader with recent advances in ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lung and its implications for pulmonary MRI when used in conjunction with functional MRI technique.Materials and Methods: We provide an overview of recent technical advances of UTE and explore the advantages of combined structure-function pulmonary imaging in the context of restrictive and obstructive pulmonary diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and cystic fibrosis (CF).Results: UTE MRI clearly shows the lung parenchymal changes due to IPF and CF. The use of UTE MRI, in conjunction with established functional lung MRI in chronic lung diseases, will serve to mitigate the need for computed tomography in children.Conclusion: Current limitations of UTE MRI include long scan times, poor delineation of thin-walled structures (e.g. cysts and reticulation) due to limited spatial resolution, low signal to noise ratio, and imperfect motion compensation. Despite these limitations, UTE MRI can now be considered as an alternative to multidetector computed tomography for the longitudinal follow-up of the morphological changes from lung diseases in neonates, children, and young adults, particularly as a complement to the unique functional capabilities of MRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]