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Background: Chemoresistance is a significant barrier to combating head and neck cancer, and decoding this resistance can widen the therapeutic application of such chemotherapeutic drugs. This systematic review and meta-analysis explores the influence of microRNA (miRNA) expressions on chemoresistance in head and neck cancers (HNC). The objective is to evaluate the theragnostic effects of microRNA expressions on chemoresistance in HNC patients and investigate the utility of miRNAs as biomarkers and avenues for new therapeutic targets. Methods: We performed a comprehensive bibliographic search that included the SCOPUS, PubMed, and Science Direct bibliographic databases. These searches conformed to a predefined set of search strategies. Following the PRISMA guidelines, inclusion and exclusion criteria were framed upon completing the literature search. The data items extracted were tabulated and collated in MS Excel. This spreadsheet was used to determine the effect size estimation for the theragnostic effects of miRNA expressions on chemoresistance in HNC, the hazard ratio (HR), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The comprehensive meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model. Heterogeneity among the data collected was assessed using the Q test, Tau2, I2, and Z measures. Publication bias of the included studies was checked using the Egger's bias indicator test, Orwin and classic fail-safe N test, Begg and Mazumdar rank collection test, and Duval and Tweedie's trim and fill methods. Results: After collating the data from 23 studies, dysregulation of 34 miRNAs was observed in 2189 people. These data were gathered from 23 studies. Out of the 34 miRNAs considered, 22 were up-regulated, while 12 were down-regulated. The TaqMan transcription kits were the most used miRNA profiling platform, and miR-200c was seen to have a mixed dysregulation. We measured the overall pooled effect estimate of HR to be 1.516 for the various analyzed miRNA at a 95% confidence interval of 1.303–1.765, with a significant p-value. The null hypothesis test's Z value was 5.377, and the p-value was correspondingly noted to be less than 0.0001. This outcome indicates that the risk of death is determined to be higher in up-regulated groups than in down-regulated groups. Among the 34 miRNAs that were investigated, seven miRNAs were associated with an improved prognosis, especially with the overexpression of these seven miRNAs (miR15b-5p, miR-548b, miR-519d, miR-1278, miR-145, miR-200c, Hsa- miR139-3p). Discussion: The findings reveal that intricate relationships between miRNAs' expression and chemotherapeutic resistance in HNC are more likely to exist and can be potential therapeutic targets. This review suggests the involvement of specific miRNAs as predictors of chemoresistance and sensitivity in HNC. The examination of the current study results illustrates the significance of miRNA expression as a theragnostic biomarker in medical oncology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The most often diagnosed malignancy in women worldwide is cancer of the cervix. It is also the most prevalent kind of gynecological cancer in women. This cancer originates in the opening of the cervix and spreads through sexual contact. Even though human papillomavirus (HPV) may not cause cancer immediately, it does develop over time as a result of the virus's lengthy persistence to cause dysplastic changes overtime, particularly in high-risk kinds. The primary objective of this research is to see if miRNAs are dysregulated as a result of treatment resistance in cervical cancer (CC). The aim is to see if these microRNAs may be utilized as biomarkers for detecting chemoresistance in CC, particularly for clinical applications. Methods: The recommended protocol for comprehensive study and meta-analysis (PRISMA-P) standards will be utilized for the analysis and data interpretation. The bibliographic databases will be methodically searched using a combination of search keywords. Based on established inclusion and exclusion criteria, the acquired findings will be reviewed, and data retrieved from the selected scientific papers for systematic review. We will then construct a forest from the pooled Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% C.I. values, data obtained using the random-effects model. Discussion: The focus of this study is to identify the function of miRNAs as a chemoresistance regulator and determine if they have the potential scope to be considered as biomarkers for cervical cancer. Through this systematic review and meta-analysis, the goal is to collect, compare, and analyze the data pertaining to the role of miRNAs in cervical cancer, thereby, enabling us to understand the role they play in chemosensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Melanoma is a global disease that is predominant in Western countries. However, reliable data resources and comprehensive studies on the theragnostic efficiency of miRNAs in melanoma are scarce. Hence, a decisive study or comprehensive review is required to collate the evidence for profiling miRNAs as a theragnostic marker. This protocol details a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis on the impact of miRNAs on chemoresistance and their association with theragnosis in melanoma. Methods and analysis: The articles will be retrieved from online bibliographic databases, including Cochrane Review, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science, with different permutations of 'keywords'. To obtain full-text papers of relevant research, a stated search method will be used, along with selection criteria. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for Protocols 2015 (PRISMA-P) standards were used to create this study protocol. The hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval will be analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software 3.0. (CI). The pooled effect size will be calculated using a random or fixed-effects meta-analysis model. Cochran's Q test and the I2 statistic will be used to determine heterogeneity. Egger's bias indicator test, Orwin's and the classic fail-safe N tests, the Begg and Mazumdar rank collection test, and Duval and Tweedie's trim and fill calculation will all be used to determine publication bias. The overall standard deviation will be evaluated using Z-statistics. Subgroup analyses will be performed according to the melanoma participants' clinicopathological and biological characteristics and methodological factors if sufficient studies and retrieved data are identified and available. The source of heterogeneity will be assessed using a meta-regression analysis. A pairwise matrix could be developed using either a pairwise correlation or expression associations of miRNA with patients' survival for the same studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding single-stranded RNAs typically 19–25 nucleotides long and regulated by cellular and epigenetic factors. These miRNAs plays important part in several pathways necessary for cancer development, an altered miRNA expression can be oncogenic or tumor-suppressive. Recent experimental results on miRNA have illuminated a different perspective of the molecular pathogenesis of head and neck cancers. Regulation of miRNA can have a detrimental effect on the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in both neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. This miRNA-induced chemoresistance can influence the prognosis and survival rate. The focus of the study is on how regulations of various miRNA levels contribute to chemoresistance in head and neck cancer (HNC). Recent findings suggest that up or down-regulation of miRNAs may lead to resistance towards various chemotherapeutic drugs, which may influence the prognosis. Methods: Studies on miRNA-specific chemoresistance in HNC were collected through literary (bibliographic) databases, including SCOPUS, PubMed, Nature, Elsevier, etc., and were systematically reviewed following PRISMA-P guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocol). We evaluated various miRNAs, their up and downregulation, the effect of altered regulation on the patient's prognosis, resistant cell lines, etc. The data evaluated will be represented in the form of a review and meta-analysis. Discussion: This meta-analysis aims to explore the miRNA-induced chemoresistance in HNC and thus to aid further researches on this topic. PROSPERO registration: CRD42018104657. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prostate cancer (PrC) is the second-most frequent cancer in men, its incidence is emerging globally and is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. While diagnosis and prognosis of PrC have been studied well, the associated therapeutic biomarkers have not yet been investigated comprehensively. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the theragnostic effects of microRNA expressions on chemoresistance in prostate cancer and to analyse the utility of miRNAs as clinical theragnostic biomarkers. Methods: A systematic literature search for studies reporting miRNA expressions and their role in chemoresistance in PrC published until 2018 was collected from bibliographic databases. The evaluation of data was performed as per PRISMA guidelines for systematic review and meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. Heterogeneity between studies was analysed using Cochran's Q test, I2 and the Tau statistic. Quality assessment of the studies was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) for the methodological assessment of cohort studies. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's bias indicator test, Orwin and classic fail-safe N test, Begg and Mazumdar rank collection test, and Duval and Tweedie's trim and fill methods. Findings: Out of 2909 studies retrieved, 79 studies were shortlisted and reviewed. A total of 17 studies met our eligibility criteria, from which 779 PrC patients and 17 chemotherapy drugs were examined, including docetaxel and paclitaxel. The majority of the drug regulatory genes reported were involved in cell survival, angiogenesis and cell proliferation pathways. We studied 42 miRNAs across all studies, out of which two miRNAs were found to be influencing chemosensitivity, while 21 were involved in chemoresistance. However, the remaining 19 miRNAs did not appear to have any theragnostic effects. Besides, the prognostic impact of the miRNAs was evaluated and had a pooled HR value of 1.960 with 95% CI (1.377–2.791). Interpretation: The observation of the current study depicts the significance of miRNA expression as a theragnostic biomarker in medical oncology. This review suggests the involvement of specific miRNAs as predictors of chemoresistance and sensitivity in PrC. Hence, the current systematic review and meta-analysis provide insight on the use of miRNA as PrC biomarkers, which can be harnessed as molecular candidates for therapeutic targeting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]