1. Circulating Leukocyte Alterations and the Development/Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetic Patients - A Pilot Study.
- Author
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Obasanmi, Gideon, Lois, Noemi, Armstrong, David, Lavery, Nuala-Jane, Hombrebueno, Jose Romero, Lynch, Aisling, Wright, David M., Chen, Mei, and Xu, Heping
- Subjects
KILLER cells ,PEOPLE with diabetes ,LEUCOCYTES ,CHEMOKINE receptors ,DIABETIC retinopathy - Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between alterations in circulating leukocytes and the initiation and progression of DR in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Forty-one patients with T1D [13 mild non-proliferative DR (mNPDR), 14 active proliferative DR (aPDR) and 14 inactive PDR (iPDR)], and 13 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited prospectively. Circulating leukocytes, including CD4
+ and CD8+ T-cells, CD14+ CD16− , CD14− CD16+ and CD14+ CD16+ monocytes; CD16+ HLA-DR− neutrophils, CD19+ B-cells and CD56+ natural killer cells and their cell surface adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors (HLA-DR, CD62L, CCR2, CCR5, CD66a, CD157 and CD305) were examined by flow cytometry. In DR patients, compared to healthy controls, increased proportions of neutrophils (p =.0152); reduced proportions of lymphocytes (p =.0002), HLA-DR+ leukocytes (p =.0406) and non-classical monocytes (p =.0204); and reduced expression of CD66a (p =.0048) and CD157 (p =.0007) on CD4+ T cells were observed. Compared to healthy controls, CD19+ B cells were reduced at the mNPDR but not aPDR patients. Total lymphocytes, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells progressively decreased whereas neutrophils, the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and the neutrophil/CD4+ ratio progressively increased from early to late stages of DR, reaching statistical significance at the aPDR stage. Longer diabetes duration was associated with a reduced proportion of CD8+ T cells (p =.002) and increased neutrophil/CD8+ ratio (p =.033). In this pilot study, DR is associated with increased innate cellular immunity especially neutrophils and reduced adaptive cellular immunity particularly lymphocytes. Impaired B-cell immunity may play a role in the initiation of DR; whereas impaired T-cell immunity with increased neutrophil response may contribute to progression of DR from non-proliferative to proliferative stages in T1D patients. Large multicenter studies are needed to further understand the immune dysregulation in DR initiation and progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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