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Members of the C-X-C motif chemokine receptor (CXCR) superfamily play central roles in initiating the innate immune response in mammalian cells by orchestrating selective cell migration and immune cell activation. With its multilayered structure, the skin, which is the largest organ in the body, performs a crucial defense function, protecting the human body from harmful environmental threats and pathogens. CXCRs contribute to primary immunological defense; these receptors are differentially expressed by different types of skin cells and act as key players in initiating downstream innate immune responses. While the initiation of inflammatory responses by CXCRs is essential for pathogen elimination and tissue healing, overactivation of these receptors can enhance T-cell-mediated autoimmune responses, resulting in excessive inflammation and the development of several skin disorders, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, vitiligo, autoimmune diseases, and skin cancers. In summary, CXCRs serve as critical links that connect innate immunity and adaptive immunity. In this article, we present the current knowledge about the functions of CXCRs in the homeostasis function of the skin and their contributions to the pathogenesis of allergic contact dermatitis and psoriasis. Furthermore, we will examine the research progress and efficacy of therapeutic approaches that target CXCRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemokine-receptor system plays important roles in the leukocyte trafficking, inflammation, immune cell differentiation, cancer and other biological processes. In the present study, the sequence features, structures and expression patterns of twelve CXC chemokine ligands (CXCL8a.1, CXCL8a.2, CXCL8b.1, CXCL8b.2, CXCL12a, CXCL12b, CXCL13.1, CXCL13.2, CXCL14, CXCL18a, CXCL18b and CXCL19) and eight CXC chemokine receptors (CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3.1, CXCR3.2, CXCR3.3, CXCR4a, CXCR4b and CXCR5) of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were analyzed. All the CXCLs and CXCRs of largemouth bass shared high sequence identities with their teleost counterparts and possessed conserved motifs and structures of CXCLs and CXCRs family. Realtime qPCR revealed that these CXCLs and CXCRs were ubiquitously expressed in all examined tissues, with high expression levels in the immune-related tissues (spleen, head kidney, and gill). Following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI:C) stimulations, most of these CXCLs and CXCRs were significantly up-regulated in spleen. In addition, the potential interacted molecules of these CXCLs and CXCRs were analyzed by protein-protein interaction network analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that in detail analyzes the CXCLs and CXCRs of largemouth bass. Our results provide valuable basis for study the function and mechanism of chemokine-receptor system in largemouth bass. • Twelve CXCLs and eight CXCRs were identified in largemouth bass. • The bioinformatics analysis of CXCLs and CXCRs were conducted. • Expressions of CXCLs and CXCRs in normal tissues of largemouth bass were analyzed. • Expressions of CXCLs and CXCRs in spleen following PAMPs stimulation were analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]