1. Expression of YKL-40 and MIP-1a proteins in exudates and transudates: biomarkers for differential diagnosis of pleural effusions? A pilot study.
- Author
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Adamidi T, Soulitzis N, Neofytou E, Zannetos S, Georgiou A, Benidis K, Papadopoulos A, Siafakas NM, and Schiza SE
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biomarkers metabolism, Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Lung Neoplasms metabolism, Lung Neoplasms secondary, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Pleural Effusion etiology, Pneumonia complications, Pneumonia metabolism, Retrospective Studies, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary complications, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary metabolism, Adipokines metabolism, Chemokine CCL3 metabolism, Exudates and Transudates metabolism, Lectins metabolism, Lung Neoplasms diagnosis, Pleural Effusion metabolism, Pneumonia diagnosis, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: YKL-40 is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein with a significant role in tissue inflammation and remodeling. MIP-1a has chemotactic and pro-inflammatory properties, and is induced by YKL-40 in several lung disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of YKL-40 and MIP-1a in blood serum and pleural fluids of various pulmonary diseases, and to evaluate their potential role as differential diagnosis biomarkers., Methods: We recruited 60 patients (age: 62.5 ± 20.6 years) with pleural effusions: 49 exudates and 11 transudates (T). Exudates were further classified based on the underlying disease: ten with tuberculosis (TB), 13 with lung cancer (LCa), 15 with metastatic cancer (MCa) of non-lung origin and 11 with parapneumonic (PN) effusions. YKL-40 and MIP-1a levels were measured by ELISA., Results: Pleural YKL-40 levels (ng/ml) were similar among all patient groups (TB: 399 ± 36, LCa: 401 ± 112, MCa: 416 ± 34, PN: 401 ± 50, T: 399 ± 42, p = 0.92). On the contrary, YKL-40 was significantly lower in the serum of TB patients (TB: 58 ± 22, LCa: 212 ± 106, MCa: 254 ± 140, PN: 265 ± 140, T: 229 ± 123, p < 0.001). Pleural MIP-1a protein levels (ng/ml) were statistically lower only in patients with LCa (TB: 25.0 ± 20.2, LCa: 7.3 ± 6.0, MCa: 16.1 ± 14.9, PN: 25.4 ± 27.9, T: 18.5 ± 7.9, p = 0.012), a finding also observed in serum MIP-1a levels (TB: 17.1 ± 7.6, LCa: 9.4 ± 7.0, MCa: 28.7 ± 28.7, PN: 33.3 ± 24.0, T: 22.9 ± 8.7, p = 0.003)., Conclusions: Our data suggest that both YKL-40 and MIP-1a, particularly in serum, could prove useful for the differentiation of pleural effusions in clinical practice, especially of TB or LCa origin. However, large-scale studies are needed to validate these findings.
- Published
- 2015
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