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Background: The incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) had increased globally over the past decades. Previous studies found that transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with lenvatinib had also shown efficacy in the unresectable HCC. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TACE combined with lenvatinib and camrelizumab to treat unresectable multiple nodular and large HCC (>5 cm). Materials and methods: Between November 2018 and June 2021, we retrospectively recruited 82 patients with unresectable multiple nodular and large HCC (BCLC stage B or C with a single nodular diameter of >5 cm). Of the patients who had not previously been treated, 33 patients received TACE + lenvatinib + camrelizumab (group A, TLC), and 49 patients treated with TACE + lenvatinib (group B, TLB) as the initial treatment. Related efficacy and safety results were recorded and assessed. Results: The median follow-up periods of groups A and B were 14.5 ± 7.9 months (range, 3-36) and 12.5 ± 8.2 months (range, 3-32), respectively (P = 0.799). The progression-free survival (PFS) of groups A and B was 9.4 months and 5.9 months (P < 0.01), respectively, and overall survival (OS) was significantly longer in group A (16.4 months vs 11.0 months, P < 0.01). In group A, the local response rate (LRR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 51.5% and 81.8%, respectively, which was higher than the corresponding 46.9% and 77.6% observed in group B (P = 0.233; 0.429). Patients with BCLC B stage had better PFS and OS (P < 0.05). The BCLC stage was an independent factor that affected PFS and OS. There were no massive bleeding or treatment-related deaths. Conclusions: In patients with unresectable multiple nodular and large HCC (single nodular diameter of >5 cm), TACE combined with target therapy and immunotherapy is safe and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Pain is one of the most common side effects of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment. This study aimed to assess the analgesic effect of parecoxib sodium for postoperative pain control in patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing TACE.Materials and Methods: This randomized placebo-controlled prospective clinical study was conducted at a single cancer centre. Patients were randomly assigned to receive parecoxib sodium (experimental group; n = 60) or 0.9 % sodium chloride (control group; n = 60) 1 h before TACE and once every 12 h for 2 days after TACE. Pain level, morphine consumption, adverse events, and quality of life were evaluated and compared between the two groups.Results: Pain scores, percentage distribution of pain categories, and morphine consumption were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Fever score comparisons revealed significantly better body temperature balance in the experimental group than in the control group (P = 0.024). Quality-of-life scores in the experimental group were significantly better than those in the control group (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the perioperative administration of parecoxib significantly improved its effectiveness in the control of postoperative pain after TACE.Key Points: • Perioperative administration of parecoxib is effective for control of pain after TACE. • COX-2 inhibitors provide effective and safe pain control. • Parecoxib helps improve quality-of-life after TACE for patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]