Search

Bromeliads with water-impounding tanks uptake water and nutrients by the leaf-absorbing trichomes present on the leaf surface while the compact root system functions as for plant anchorage on other plants. However, recent studies showed a clear role of the bromeliad roots in nutrient absorption and subsequently improving plant growth. Accordingly, the present study aimed to compare the uptake and assimilation of inorganic and organic nitrogen by roots and leaf-absorbing trichomes of silver vase bromeliad (Aechmea fasciata). As treatments, plants were fertilized with 0, 15 or 30 mM nitrogen (N) as either urea or ammonium nitrate applied into the tank or on the substrate (roots). Dry biomass, number of leaves, macro and micronutrient contents in leaves, chlorophylls a, b, and total carotenoids were determined. In addition, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and nitrogen efficiency indexes were analyzed. The results showed that ammonium nitrate is taken up either by leaf-absorbing trichomes and or by roots of silver vase bromeliad. Plants fertilized with ammonium nitrate had an increase in leaf nitrogen content with the increase of nitrogen concentrations on tank. However, these increases did not result in biomass accumulation or changes in the photosynthetic apparatus. Our results showed that the roots of silver vase bromeliad are more efficient for inorganic nitrogen.

O estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio no crescimento de I. purpurea. As plantas foram fertilizadas semanalmente com 50 mL de solução nutritiva modificada de Hoagland & Amon (1950): Nitrogênio com 0; 0,0888; 0,201; 0,6003 ou 1,801 g L-1 de nitrato de amônio; Fósforo com 0; 2,1; 5,5; 10,3 ou 13,5 mL L-1 de ácido fosfórico e Potássio com 0; 0,3728; 1,1183; 1,8638 ou 2,2065 g L-1 de cloreto de potássio. I. purpurea apresentaram alta demanda por N, que resultou em aumento da área foliar. A maior concentração de N promoveu investimento preferencial nas áreas fotossintéticas, confirmado pela relação folha/raiz. I. purpurea é responsiva a fertilização com fósforo, principalmente para promover o crescimento de caule e raízes. I. purpurea não respondeu à fertilização com K. Os resultados do estudo recomendam a fertilização com 0,2001 g L-1 de nitrato de amônio e 5,5 ml L-1 de ácido fosfórico no cultivo de I. purpurea.

Context Soil pollution by heavy metals is a worldwide environmental concern. Owing to their proximity to anthropogenic emission sources, urban forest fragments are highly affected by the excessive input of heavy metals into the soil.Objectives This study aimed to assess the physiological and biochemical responses of two native Brazilian Atlantic Forest Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (pioneer species) and Eugenia uniflora L. (non-pioneer species), when cultivated in soils contaminated with Cu. Methods Plants were cultivated in soils of an urban forest fragment contaminated with 0 (control), 60, 120, 180 or 240 mg Cu kg-1 soil. Growth variables, Cu content in plant tissues, translocation index, bioaccumulation factor, pigment contents, leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were all measured to assess physiological alterations resulting from copper stress, while the enzymatic (superoxide dismutase) and nonenzymatic (ascorbic acid and glutathione) antioxidants were quantified to assess the biochemical responses of the species. Results Both species presented high uptake and accumulation of Cu in roots with low translocation rates to shoots; however, S. terebinthifolia showed higher Cu restriction in roots than E. uniflora. S. terebinthifolia and E. uniflora showed distinct responses in growth and leaf gas exchange. The species showed neither difference in enzymatic contents nor oxidative reduction. Conclusion The restriction of copper in roots appears to be the principal protective mechanism against copper phytotoxicity, preventing negative effects on the physiological and biochemical status of the species. S. terebinthifolia shows potential as a Cu phytostabilizer, while the E. uniflora has potential as a Cu phytoextractor.

This study aimed to evaluate the accumulation and distribution of copper (Cu) in the pioneer tree Schinus terebinthifolius R. (aroeira) and non-pioneer tree Eugenia uniflora L. (pitanga) submitted to different concentrations of copper. The plants received 40 mL of Hoagland & Arnon (1950) n. 1 nutrient solution modified with 0.00032, 0.0032, 0.032 and 0.32 mM Cu2+ applied to the soil. We analyzed biomass, biometry and Cu contents in plants and the concentration of Cu in soil. Cu concentration in the soil contaminated with 0.32 mM Cu2+ was higher than other treatments. Neither species showed characteristics of plant phytotoxicity. However, the two species did exhibit different physiological responses to Cu; S. terebinthifolius accumulated the metal only in roots, while E. uniflora accumulated Cu in roots and leaves. The highest Cu concentration in soil was observed in the treatment with 0.32 mM Cu2+. Outstanding to foliar accumulation, E. uniflora could be used for biomonitoring.

The objective of this work was to evaluate if nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) indexes can elucidate functional differences in nutrient uptake between the root system and tank of epiphytic bromeliads. The bromeliads Guzmania lingulata and Vriesea 'Harmony' received fertilizers in their tanks or through their roots using modified Hoagland & Arnon solution, with 0.00, 2.62, or 5.34 mmol L-1 nitrogen, as urea. After 90 days, nitrogen contents in leaves and plant biomass were evaluated, and NUE indexes were calculated. Guzmania lingulata and V. 'Harmony' fertilized in their tanks with 5.34 mmol L-1 had the highest averages of nitrogen uptake efficiency and recovery efficiency; those fertilized with 2.62 mmol L-1 through their roots showed the highest averages of NUE, nitrogen utilization efficiency, nitrogen physiological efficiency, and biomass conversion efficiency. The NUE indexes, besides being an effective tool to assess the nutritional status of ornamental bromeliads, reveal that the root system of epiphytic bromeliads is functional for nitrogen uptake and use. Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se os índices de eficiência de uso do nitrogênio (EUN) podem elucidar diferenças funcionais na absorção de nutrientes entre o sistema radicular e o tanque de bromélias epifíticas. As bromélias Guzmania lingulata e Vriesea 'Harmony' receberam fertilizantes nos seus tanques ou pelas raízes com solução de Hoagland & Arnon modificada, com 0,00, 2,62 ou 5,34 mmol L-1 de nitrogênio na forma de ureia. Após 90 dias, o conteúdo de nitrogênio nas folhas e a biomassa das plantas foram avaliados, e os índices de EUN calculados. Guzmania lingulata e V. 'Harmony' adubadas no tanque com 5,34 mmol L-1 apresentaram maiores médias de eficiência de absorção de nitrogênio e de eficiência de recuperação; as adubadas nas raízes, com 2,62 mmol L-1, apresentaram as maiores médias de EUN, eficiência de utilização de nitrogênio, eficiência fisiológica de nitrogênio e índice de eficiência de conversão de biomassa. Os índices de EUN, além de serem importantes ferramentas para avaliação do status nutricional das bromélias, revelam que o sistema radicular das bromélias epífitas é funcional para absorção e utilização de nitrogênio.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S deficiencies on the growth, mineral contents of silver vase bromeliad [Aechmea fasciata (Lindley) Baker], a species native to Brazil. Plants were maintained on modified Hoagland & Arnon nutrient solution with omission of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S) or complete solution (CS) totalizing seven treatments. Leaf nutrient contents of the treatments were analyzed to confirm the deficiencies. The first leaf deficiency symptoms appeared in cultivated plants from which nitrogen (N) was omitted. In fact, nitrogen was found to be the growth-limiting nutrient of silver vase bromeliad. Phosphorus-deficient plants had reddish leaves and showed necrosis in young leaves. K, Ca, Mg and S deficiency can only be determined by foliar analysis. The limiting nutrients to silver vase bromeliad growth were N > P = K > Ca = Mg > S in ascending order.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:15:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-04-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:33:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S2447-536X2019000200126.pdf: 2987992 bytes, checksum: 991620a03d6d56b1d2602ea244a147c5 (MD5) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of calcium on growth and development of silver vase bromeliad (Aechmea fasciata). Plants were fertilized three times a week with nutrient solutions formulated with HA solution (Hoagland and Arnon, 1950) modified with 0.25, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10.0 or 12.5 mM Ca applied into the tank. After 90 days of experimentation, biometric and biomass measurements of root and shoot systems, and chemical analysis of leaves were assessed. The results showed that the concentration of 12.5 mM Ca in nutrient solution is recommended for silver vase bromeliad fertilization. Inst Bot IBt, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil UNESP, FEIS, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Quim, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil UNESP, FEIS, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil CNPq: 455929/2014-9 CNPq: 306140/2012-8

Gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence are widely used in physiological and ecological studies; however, few studies have used these techniques with ornamental plants. This study tested the potential contribution of gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence to evaluate the water and nutrients uptake by the tank and root system of epiphyte bromeliad Guzmania lingulata. For this purpose, we conducted an experiment with different water regime and another with different concentrations of nitrogen. The experiments were: 1 - Watering: Control (application of water into Tank and Root), Tank (watering into Tank), Root (watering Root) and Drought (water suspension during the 90 days of experimentation) and 2 - Nitrogen: Plants fertilized with Hoagland and Arnon nutrient solution exclusively into Tank or Root with nitrogen concentrations of control and 2.62 or 5.34 mM N applied as urea. The Fv /Fm ratio allowed comparing the treatments between experiments, demonstrating that Root and Tank both have the capacity to maintain G. lingulata photosynthetic activity and growth, while Drought treatment (water suspension) was the limiting factor for energy conversion efficiency of PSII. However, gas exchange was more permissive as a parameter for comparing treatments in the nitrogen experiment, providing important information about the general aspects of the photosynthetic process in the watering experiment. Both gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence can support the evaluation of G. lingulata physiological status and can be useful tools in ornamental horticultural studies.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and development of Aechmea blanchetiana Baker L.B. Sm. in vitro on medium with 0.0, 0.145, 1.45 and 14.5 μM Cu and 0.0, 2.75, 27.5 and 275 μM Zn. Significant accumulation of Cu and Zn occurred at 14.5 μM Cu and 27.5 and 275 μM Zn, respectively, and there were no significant changes in contents of the other macro- and micronutrients. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity significantly changed in the presence of both metals. Spermine content increased as Zn concentration increased and decreased with increasing concentrations of Cu. There was an accumulation of H2O2 in the leaf tissue of plants grown in 1.45 and 14.5 μM Cu and 27.5 and 275 μM Zn. A. blanchetiana was found tolerant to the Cu and Zn in concentrations used in this study and displays the capacity to accumulate these metals.

Cultivating ornamental bromeliads has been considered an important strategy for their preservation, because it allows the supply ofa greater amount of plants to the market, reducing the use of units proceeding from the natural environment. Generally producers use fertilizersbased on different compositions of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. However, nutritional studies using in vitro cultivation technique haveshown a satisfactory development of bromeliads as compared to other nutrients used in other techniques such as those in Murashige & Skoog(MS) and Knudson (K). The objective of this work was to verify the growth of plants of three species of ornamental bromeliads: Acanthostachysstrobilaceae (Schult. f.) Klotzsch, Aechmea bromeliifolia (Rudge) Baker e Alcantarea imperialis (Carriere) Harms, gotten from the germination ofseeds and fertilized with nutritional solutions based on MS and K. Plants with two months were transferred to isopor trays with Pinus rind assubstratum, and were fertilized during six months with original MS and K and a dilution of half MS and half (MS/2). We examined number ofleafs, stem and root axis lengths, dry and wet masses of aerial and root parts, in addition to photosynthetic pigments. We observed that the morediluted solutions (K and MS/2) were more favorable to the growth of the three bromeliads species. The highest concentrations of calcium andmagnesium in K probably favored the development of the plants, indicating the important of nutritional supplements for bromeliads cultures.

This work investigated the influence of different concentrations of calcium on the growth of plantlets of the bromeliad Aechmea blanchetiana cultured in vitro. Seedlings of A. blanchetiana were axenically cultured in liquid Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with different concentrations of calcium (Ca; 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, or 12 mM) without growth regulators. The resulting plantlets were cultured under 93 μmol m−2 s−1 illumination, 12 hour photoperiod regime and 25°C ± 1 for 120 days with subculture to fresh identical media every 30 days. The addition of calcium at 9.38 mM to MS modified medium increased the production of fresh and dry mass of plantlets, whilst chlorine from calcium chloride dehydrate (CaCl2 2 H2O) in excess (3.35 mM) decreased both the fresh and dry mass of plantlets.

The root anatomy of bromeliad Nidularium minutum Mez was studied and the efficiency of root system in contributing to the growth, development and mineral uptake of the species evaluated. To accomplish this analysis, four treatments were applied as follows: (i) control plants with 5 mL H2O on substrate and 5 mL H2O into tank; (ii) plants supplied with nutrients to the tank with 5 mL H2O on substrate and 5 mL Hoagland and Arnon solution into tank; (iii) plants supplied with nutrients to the roots with 5 mL HA on substrate and 5 mL H2O into tank; and (iv) plants supplied with nutrients to the tank and roots with 5 mL HA on substrate and 5 mL HA into tank. Biometric variables and biomass were measured. Contents of macro- and micronutrients were evaluated in leaves, and the anatomical structure of roots was analysed. Structurally, the roots possess multiseriate epidermis, termed velamen, which is typical in Orchidaceae and other families for taking up water and nutrients. Plants supplied with nutrients to the roots had higher values than control plants for fresh and dry mass of stems, leaves and total (leaves + stems + roots), besides being more efficient than plants supplied with nutrients to the tank for nitrogen uptake. These results indicate that root system of N. minutum is very efficient for nutrients uptake when compared with the tank contributing to plant growth and development, most likely assisted by the presence of velamen.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:55:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-05362012000100020.pdf: 1021687 bytes, checksum: b07f20c1c5ad079c6d64cf373d8ac742 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:55:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-05362012000100020.pdf: 1021687 bytes, checksum: b07f20c1c5ad079c6d64cf373d8ac742 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:48:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-05362012000100020.pdf: 1021687 bytes, checksum: b07f20c1c5ad079c6d64cf373d8ac742 (MD5) S0102-05362012000100020.pdf.txt: 21686 bytes, checksum: 5b7daf11cf530cc75fecfb235877cb80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:12:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-05362012000100020.pdf: 1021687 bytes, checksum: b07f20c1c5ad079c6d64cf373d8ac742 (MD5) S0102-05362012000100020.pdf.txt: 21686 bytes, checksum: 5b7daf11cf530cc75fecfb235877cb80 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:12:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-05362012000100020.pdf: 1021687 bytes, checksum: b07f20c1c5ad079c6d64cf373d8ac742 (MD5) S0102-05362012000100020.pdf.txt: 21686 bytes, checksum: 5b7daf11cf530cc75fecfb235877cb80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) O cultivo in vitro de plantas é o principal método de propagação das plantas da família Orchidaceae, sendo o nitrogênio o nutriente de maior importância dos meios de cultivo. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de N através de balanço iônico do meio de Murashige & Skoog (MS-1962) no crescimento in vitro da orquídea Phalaenopsis amabilis. Plantas com 360 dias foram cultivadas em meio MS líquido, modificado com 7,5, 15, 30, 45 e 60 mM N. Após 180 dias avaliou-se o comprimento da planta, número de folhas e raízes, comprimento da raiz e as massas fresca e seca de folhas, raízes e total. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e parcelas de cinco frascos, com três explantes cada. A menor concentração de N (7,5 mM) no meio MS induziu o desenvolvimento de raízes em comprimento, número e massas fresca e seca. A concentração de 30 mM de N estimulou a emissão de folhas e o acúmulo de massa seca de folhas. A concentração original de nitrogênio no meio MS (60 mM) mostrou ser excessiva para o crescimento de P. amabilis cultivada in vitro. In vitro cultivation is the main propagation method for the family Orchidaceae, whereas nitrogen is the most important nutrient in the culture media. This work was carried out to study the influence of different nitrogen concentrations on the in vitro growth of the orchid Phalaenopsis amabilis. Nitrogen concentrations varied by altering the ionic balance of the Murashige & Skoog (MS) culture medium. Plants, 360 days old, were cultivated in liquid MS, modified with 7.5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 mM N. After 180 days, we assessed plant and root length, number of leaves and roots, and fresh and dry weight of leaves, roots and plants. Treatments were assigned to completely randomized plots, with four replications. Plots consisted of five three-plant flasks. The lowest nitrogen level (7.5 mM) in the medium induced root development in length, number, and fresh and dry weight. The concentration 30 mM N stimulated both emission and dry weight accumulation of leaves. The original nitrogen concentration in the MS medium (60 mM) was excessive for the in vitro growth of P. amabilis. Bt UNESP Depto. Biociências Depto. de Química e Bioquímica UNESP Depto. Biociências Depto. de Química e Bioquímica CNPq: 305776/2009-6

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos nutricionais de diferentes concentrações de nitrogênio (7,5; 15; 30; 60 e 120 mM) no crescimento de plântulas de A. blanchetiana cultivadas in vitro. Concluiu-se que 7,5 mM de nitrogênio no meio líquido de Murashige & Skoog (MS) modificado foi a concentração ótima para a maior produção de massa fresca e seca. This work aimed to study the influence of different nitrogen concentrations (7.5; 15; 30; 60 and 120 mM) on the growth of Aechmea blanchetiana plantlets cultivated in vitro. The results showed that 7.5 mM of nitrogen in a modified liquid culture Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium was the best concentration for increasing fresh and dry mass production.