Search

In this research, the study of two dopants, strontium oxide and manganese oxide were thoroughly investigated based on the elastic properties for the purpose of high strength glass application. The melt quenching technique method was used to synthesize two series of borotellurite glass systems doped with manganese and strontium. Elastic measurement, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the prepared glass samples. The increment of molar volume confirmed the theory that molar volume is inversely proportional to the density parameters. A broad hump was observed during XRD as the samples shows pure amorphous nature. In FTIR, the vibrations of the functional group of the tellurite network were recorded such as TeO4 trigonal bipyramids and TeO3 trigonal pyramids, by addition of both dopants. On the other hand, ultrasonic velocity was used to determine the elastic moduli of the glass such as bulk modulus, shear modulus, longitudinal modulus, Young’s Modulus, microhardness and Poisson’s ratio which showed decreasing and increasing trends with the increased concentration of MnO2 and SrO respectively. It is also inferred that strontium oxide has better elastic properties than manganese oxide.

This work presents the effect of erbium oxide in tellurite glass on the intensity parameters, emission and upconversion to be used as laser glass. We select 0.04 mol fraction of erbium oxide in tellurite glass as it gives the optimum results for glass stability, luminescence and intensity parameters. The structural arrangement of glass matrices was revealed by XRD analysis. The amorphous structural arrangement was found and there was no crystalline structure existed in the glass matrix. The FTIR analysis revealed the existence of TeO3 non-bridging oxygen which has important role in the shifting of the optical parameters. The Judd–Ofelt analysis (intensity parameters, Ωλ = 2, 4, 6) were studied by applying nine transition states obtained from UV–Vis-NIR absorption spectrum which were 4G11/2 + 2H9/2 + 4F5/2 + 4F7/2 + 2H11/2 + 4S3/2 + 4F9/2 + 4I9/2 + 4I11/2. The obtained results for the intensity parameters were in accordance by the following trends Ω2 > Ω4 > Ω6. A broad red emission at 648 nm was found with excitation state of 380 nm. Four emission peaks were found from upconversion emission spectrum as follows; 381 nm, 420 nm, 466 nm and 560 nm which correspond to 4G11/2 → 4I15/2, 4F3/2 → 4I15/2, 4F7/2 → 4I15/2 and 4S3/2 → 4I15/2. The prominent emission for upconversion was 560 nm which produce yellow emission. Based on these results, erbium doped boro-tellurite glass is capable to be utilized as red, blue and green glass lasers. The absorption and emission cross sections and optical gain factor have been carried out by using Mc-Cumber theory.

Carbon-based materials such as graphene oxide are known as attractive candidate to improve the current optoelectronic and laser devices. In this work, neodymium nanoparticles doped zinc-tellurite glass coated with graphene oxide (GO) denoted as ZBTNd (NPs)-GO was prepared via low-cost melt-quenching method and simple spray coating method. The structural properties of the glass system had been carried out by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and confirmed its amorphous structural arrangement with non-existence of crystalline structure. The TeO3 and BO3 structural units were found dominant in tellurite glass network as determined by Fourier transforms infrared spectrometer (FTIR). High number of oxygen functional groups and stacked of graphene layers on the glass surface were revealed by field scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The optical band gap energy values were found to decrease in the range of 2.665–2.405 eV along with dopant concentration. In the meantime, the refractive index values were found more than n > 2.00 and fall in the range of 2.12 to 2.20. The electronic polarization was calculated by using Lorentz-Lorentz equation and found in the range of 6.516 to 7.211 A 3. Based on these results, the improvements on optical properties of tellurite glass have been made to be used in laser application.

Rare-earth oxides microparticles doped tellurite-based glass have been studied extensively to improve the capability of optoelectronic devices. We report a detailed comparison between two sets of glass series containing samarium microparticles and nanoparticles denoted as ZBTSm-MPs and ZBTSm-NPs respectively. The two sets of glass have been successfully fabricated via melt-quenching technique with chemical formula {[(TeO2)0.70 (B2O3)0.30]0.7 (ZnO)0.3}1-y (Sm2O3 (MPs/NPs)) y with y = 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 mol fraction. The TEM analysis confirmed the existence and formation of nanoparticles in ZBTSm-NPs glasses. The density of ZBTSm-NPs glasses was found higher than ZBTSm-MPs glasses due to the distributions of nano-scale particles in tellurite glass network. There was a linear trend of increment in the refractive index in both sets of glass series along with the concentrations of dopants. The refractive index of ZBTSm-NPs glasses was found higher than ZBTSm-MPs glasses due to the shift in compactness of glass structure with nano-scale particles. In comparison, the absorption peaks of ZBTSm-MPs glasses were greater than ZBTSm-NPs glasses which were mainly due to the restriction of electrons mobility in glass network with nano-scale particles. The optical band gap energy in ZBTSm-NPs glasses was found greater than ZBTSm-MPs glasses which correspond to the widening of forbidden gap with nano-scale particles. The polarizability of ZBTSm-NPs and ZBTSm-MPs was found in non-linear trend along with dopant concentrations. Based on these findings, the improvement of optical properties have been made by introducing samarium oxide nanoparticles in tellurite glass which is beneficial for optoelectronic devices.

The process experts are concerned in tellurium due to its various physical and chemical properties. The copper anode slime is the main industrial source of tellurium, after processing of that tellurium becomes marketable product and can be sold both in elemental form and tellurium-containing middling. Physical and chemical properties of the tellurium-containing middling of Kazakhmys Smelting LLP produced in 2018 have been studied in this paper. The following methods have been applied during the study: particle size distribution, X-ray phase, X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron probe microscopy. It was found that material is mainly represented by the large pieces of 0.2 mm in size, with moisture content of 15.57 %, bulk density of 0.8 g/cm3 without tapping and 0.88 g/cm3 with tapping, the angle friction - 33°. The elemental composition of the material was determined by X-ray fluorescence method as follows, wt. %: Cu – 33.327; Te – 21.863; Se – 0.766, O – 35.116; S – 5.045. X-ray phase analysis showed that material is mainly in the amorphous state, the following phases had been identified: Cu2.5SO4(OH)3·2H2O, Cu3(SO4)(OH)4, CuSO4(H2O)3. Tellurium-containing phases could not be detected due to strong amorphism. Hydrosulfate forms of copper in the form of flakes have been found on the surface of the middlings by electron probe microscopy. EDS analysis of individual areas showed that patina also contains small amounts of chlorine, selenium and up to 25 % tellurium, in addition to such elements as copper, sulfur and oxygen. Small amounts of sulfur, chromium, selenium and up to 45 % of oxygen has been found in the open area of material, that is specific for its oxidation.

The melt-quenching method was used to synthesize a series of neodymium-doped zinc tellurite glass systems. The ultrasonic velocities, elastic moduli and other elastic parameters of the prepared glasses showed non-linear variations with an increase of Nd2O3 in the glass system. The non-linear variation is associated with the presence of non-bridging and bridging oxygen caused by the network modifier of Nd2O3. Theoretical data sets for the elastic properties of the glass systems were obtained by using the Makishima and Mackenzie theory and the Rocherulle, bond compression and ring deformation models. The values retrieved for the elastic moduli by using the Makishima and Mackenzie, and Rocherulle models are in great agreement with the corresponding experimental data. The recorded bond compression model data for the glass has much higher values for elastic moduli when compared to the corresponding experimental values. Therefore, in this glass system, only the bond compression model is not favoured.

Erbium nano particles (NPs) doped tellurite glasses were prepared via melt-quenched technique and their chemical composition are as follows; {[(TeO2) 0.70 ( B 2 O3) 0.30 ] 0.7 (ZnO) 0.3 } y (Er2O 3 NPs) 1−y , y = 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05. The amorphous state of the glass system was revealed and the structural parameters indicating the formation of non-bridging oxygen was shown. The current work underlines the spectral parameters from Judd–Ofelt (JO) studies, and upconversion spectra. The existence of erbium NPs was found experimentally using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Judd–Ofelt analysis suggests that the radiative probability, A rad is strong at 2H 11∕2 —> 4I 15∕2 and a longer lifetime at 4I 11∕2 —> 4I 15∕2 . The Argon laser beam was used to determine the upconversion emission peaks. The upconversion radiation emission excited at 800 nm was found in the range 390 nm.

A system of erbium oxide nanoparticles doped rice-husk-silicate borotellurite glasses with compositional formula, {[(TeO2)0.7 (B2O3)0.3]0.8 (SiO2)0.2}1−y (Er2O3 NPs)y with y = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 was fabricated using the method of melt-quenching. Various characterizations and measurement techniques such as density and molar volume, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, transmission electron microscopy and UV–Vis spectroscopy were carried out to study the structural, morphological and optical properties of the fabricated glasses. The density values for the glasses increased from 4.1900 to 4.6003 g cm−3 with the addition of 1% to 5% of Er2O3 NPs in the glass structure. The increase can be ascribed to increase in the overall molar weight of the glass caused by the higher molecular weight of erbium. The microstructural nature revealed in the glass morphological evidence of nanoparticle agglomerations in the glasses. From the UV–Vis spectra both direct and indirect energy band gap decreased with Er2O3 NPs increased 0.01 to 0.02 mol and then increased thereafter up to 0.05 mol%. The refractive index was found to be high, in the range of 2.6050 to 2.6794, metallization criterion ranged from 0.3268 to 0.3414 which according to Berwal et al. (J Mol Struct 1127:636–644, 2017), is an indication that the glass has good optical non-linearity and also suggests the glass has good potential for non-linear optical application. The molar polarizability ranged from 7.7041 to 7.4515 A3 while the optical transmission coefficient values ranged from 0.6551 to 0.6691. The high refractive index, good metallization criterion, polarizability and transmission coefficient values suggest that the erbium oxide nanoparticles doped Rice husk silicate borotellurite glasses studied has some good potential for optical fibre amplifier application.

The use of erbium ions, Er3+ to enhance the dielectric properties is investigated in tellurite glass system for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. A glass series of tellurite glass with chemical composition, {[(TeO2)70(B2O3)30]70(ZnO)30}100−y(Er2O3)y (y = 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05) was fabricated via melt-quenched technique. The X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis proved the amorphous structure and the formation of nonbridging oxygen in the glass system. The Er3+ ions affect greatly to the dielectric constant, e′ in which the dielectric constant, e′ show high value at a lower frequency and higher temperature (above 110 °C). The reduction of dielectric constant, e′ is found with the increment value of frequency, which corresponds to the formation of the hindrance effect on heavy dipoles caused by the mixed transition-ion effect. Meanwhile, the dielectric constant, e′ is enhanced with the increase of temperature. The activation energy of the glass system is found to decrease, which is due to the high polarizability of Er3+ ions in the glass system. Based on these results, the erbium-doped tellurite glass is a potential kind of high-energy capacitor.

This paper presents a study on the structural, morphological and elastic properties of erbium oxide nanoparticles doped bio-silicate borotellurite glass system fabricated using the technique of melt-quenching with chemical compositional formula {[(TeO2)0.7 (B2O3)0.3]0.8 (SiO2)0.2}1−y (Er2O3 NPs)y where 0.01 ≤ y ≤ 0.05. The objective of the work was to study the some elastic and thermal parameters associated with non-destructive ultrasonic technique, with the aim of utilizing the glasses for erbium doped fiber amplifier application. Various measurements and Characterizations techniques which includes density and molar volume measurements, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy and Pulse-echo technique were carried out in this study. The density values for the glasses increased from 4.1900 to 4.6003 gcm−3 with the addition of 1–5% of Er2O3 NPs in the glass structure. The increase can be ascribed to increase in the overall molar weight of the glass due to incorporation of heavy Er3+ ions. The XRD patterns revealed no presence of sharp peaks with the observed broad hump around 2θ = 20–30° indicating the glassy and amorphous nature of the studied glasses. The FTIR spectra showed absorption with peaks around 1362–1385 cm−1, 1221–1250 cm−1, 655–689 cm−1 and 602–630 cm−1 wave number ranges, indicating the presences of H3BO3, SiO4, BO3, TeO3 and TeO4 structural units in the glass system. The microstructural nature observed in the glass morphology showed nanoparticle agglomerations in the glasses. The ultrasonic velocities, elastic moduli, microhardness, Poisson ratio, softening and Debye’s temperatures, thermal expansion coefficient as well as other important parameters were calculated from the density and ultrasonic data. The values of the ultrasonic velocities, elastic moduli, Debye’s temperature, softening temperature, thermal expansion coefficient and the acoustic impedance increased with increase in the Er2O3 NPs concentration.

In this study, the effect of biscyclopentadienyl magnesium flow rate for the growth of p-type gallium nitride thin films was varied from 20 to 40 standard cubic centimeter per minute to acquire the optimum doping concentration level. The growth of semi-polar (11–22) p-type gallium nitride thin films on m-plane sapphire was accomplished via metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Atomic force microscopy reveals the occurrence of dissimilar grain size distributions upon the utilization of different dopant flow rates. Statistical data shows that the utilization of optimized biscyclopentadienyl magnesium flux of 30 standard cubic centimeter per minute would significantly reduce the grain size to as low as ∼ 550 nm (±1 nm), yielding a root mean square roughness of 6.00 nm. X-ray rocking curve analysis observed that a moderate biscyclopentadienyl magnesium flow rate of 30 standard cubic centimeter per minute leads to narrowing in full width at half maximum, indicating an enhanced crystallinity with a reduction of the basal stacking fault density of 8.18 × 104 cm−1 with the use of 30 standard cubic centimeter per minute of biscyclopentadienyl magnesium. Moreover, the mobilities and carrier concentrations were improved to as high as 1.8 cm2.V − 1.s − 1 and 5.5 × 1017 cm−3 with a moderate biscyclopentadienyl magnesium flow rate of 30 standard cubic centimeter per minute. The analysis suggests that with the optimum biscyclopentadienyl magnesium flow rate (30 standard cubic centimeter per minute), preferential sites for magnesium incorporation can be enhanced.

Novel zinc alumina bismuth borate glass system was fabricated according to the empirical formula x(ZnO)–5(Al2O3)–30(BiO3)–65-x(B2O3) with x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mol% using conventional glass melt-quenching technique. The structural, elastic and shielding properties of the ZnO–Al2O3–BiO3–B2O3 glasses were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), density, molar volume, ultrasonic velocities, and EPICS2017 simulation. The glass structure's amorphous phase was confirmed by XRD measurement. From the density measurement, the addition of ZnO will increase the density from 4.275 to 5.018 g/cm3 and the molar volume decreased from 44.479 to 38.595 cm3/mol. In addition, the OPD is decreased from 67.45 to 62.19 mol/cm3. The elastic properties approximated from measured shear (VS) and longitudinal (VL) ultrasonic velocities indicated that the decrease of B2O3 in glass network cause the rigidity of glasses increased from 2300 to 2621 m/s and 4082–4540 m/s when the ZnO content increased. Meanwhile, the longitudinal (L), shear (G), bulk (K) and Young's (E) modulus increased from 71.23 to 103.43 GPa, 22.61–34.47 GPa, 41.08–57.47 GPa and 57.29 and 86.18 GPa. Besides, Poisson's ratio decreased from 0.267 to 0.250 and micro hardness increased from 3.51 to 5.75 GPa. The EPICS2017 simulation program is used to determine the radiation shielding of the glasses. The results show a very interesting results where the replacement of B2O3 by ZnO causes an improvement of the attenuation competence for the glasses.

Neodymium oxide doped tellurite-based glass has been widely documented for potential uses in optoelectronics, but graphene oxide (GO)-coated tellurite-based glass has rarely been reported. In this work, we compare two sets of glass series which were GO-coated and uncoated tellurite-based glass series denoted as ZBTNd-GO and ZBTNd, respectively. The two sets of glasses were fabricated via melt-quenched process. A set of glass was coated with GO using low-cost spray coating method. The structural and morphological properties of the glass samples were investigated to confirm the type of structure in glass and formation of graphene oxide on glass surface. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed the amorphous structural arrangement in both sets of glass series. The morphological study proved the existence of GO layers on top of the ZBTNd-GO surface. The optical bandgap energy of ZBTNd-GO glass was found in the range of 3.253 eV–3.381 eV which was higher than ZBTNd glass. Meanwhile, the refractive index of ZBTNd-GO glass varies from 2.301 to 2.332 which was higher than ZBTNd glass due to the presence of functionalized oxygenated groups in GO structure. The oxide ion polarizability of ZBTNd-GO glass was found decreased due to the shift of optical band gap when coated with GO. This work offers a new form of glass that could be used as a new strategy to upgrade the current photonic materials.

Judd–Ofelt (J–O) theory was used to analyze the optical properties of erbium (Er3+) ions doped zinc-sodium-tellurite glass system incorporated with titania (TiO2) nanoparticles (TNPs) for the realization of up-converted solid state lasers. Such glass systems were synthesized using melt quenching method to determine the influence of varying TNPs contents on the absorption and emission properties. J-O intensity parameters (Ω2, Ω4, Ω6), spectroscopic quality factor (χ = Ω4/Ω6), radiative transition probabilities, branching ratio, and radiative lifetime of various transitions involved in the Er3+ ions were calculated from the measured optical spectra. XRD pattern verified the amorphous nature of the prepared glass samples. TEM images manifested the growth of TNPs inside the glass matrix having mean size between 15 and 25 nm. UV–Vis–NIR spectra exhibited ten absorption bands centred at 407, 444, 452, 489, 522, 552, 653, 800, 976 and 1532 nm. Two surface plasmon resonance (SPR) bands of TNPs were evidenced at 552 nm and 580 nm. Luminescence spectra revealed three prominent peaks centred at 525, 545 and 660 nm, where the glass sample containing 0.2 mol% of TNPs displayed optimum intensity enhancement by a factor of 30.00, 28.57 and 19.60, respectively. This enhancement is primarily attributed to the TNPs surface plasmon enabled colossal localized electric field in the proximity of Er3+ ions and subsequent energy transfer to the Er3+ ions. Values of Ω2, Ω4, Ω6 and χ were ranged between (2.14−3.72)×10−20, (1.27−2.77)×10−20, (1.42−2.22)×10−20 cm2 and (0.58–1.94), respectively. Occurrence of higher values of Ω2 and Ω6 indicated the existence of lower symmetry and stronger covalency around the Er3+ ions. Furthermore, the decrease of χ values with increasing TNPs up to 0.2 mol% approved intensified lasing transition. Achieved higher values of Ω4 and Ω6 demonstrated that the present glass composition is a prospective lasing media.

The aim of this work is to determine the effect of Nd3+ ion concentration on the elastic properties of zinc-tellurite glass for the development of waveguide lasers. A series of Neodymium doped zinc-tellurite (NZT) glass system of composition [(TeO2) 0.70 (ZnO) 0.30] (1-x) Nd2O3 (x), x =0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05, were synthesized by using conventional melt-quenching method. XRD analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of the glass; the FTIR confirmed the presence of TeO3 and TeO4 in the glass network. The density of the glass system increases with increase in neodymium concentration. The longitudinal ultrasonic velocity decreases from 3737.01 to 3045.23 ± 10 ms−1, and the shear velocity decreases from 1959.31 to 1887.81 ± 10 ms−1. The experimental results have shown that the elastic properties depend on the composition of the glass systems and the effect of neodymium (Nd2O3) within the glass network.

A glass series of erbium doped zinc borotellurite glass system was prepared by using the melt-quenching method. The absorption spectra revealed several bands at visible range which correspond to the following transitions (from the ground state); 4G11/2 + 2H9/2 + 4F5/2 + 4F7/2 + 2H11/2 + 4S3/2 + 4F9/2 + 4I9/2 + 4I11/2. From the Judd–Ofelt analysis, it is found that the trend of Ω2 values is a non-linear variation along with erbium concentrations. Meanwhile, the value of Ω6 decreases as the erbium concentration increases. The photoluminescence analysis shows green emission which are attributed to the 4S3/2 level to the ground state at 4I15/2. Meanwhile, the upconversion analysis revealed several emission bands at 376 nm, 424 nm, 470 nm and 558 nm which correspond to 4G11/2 → 4I15/2, 4F3/2 → 4I15/2, 4F7/2 → 4I15/2 and 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 transitions respectively. The non-linear refractive index spectra show self-defocusing behavior and negative nonlinear refraction (ƞ2

Comparative analysis on optical properties between two glass series (a—ordinary glass, b—glass with nanoparticles) have been estimated. The two glass series (a—ordinary glass, b—glass with nanoparticles) with compositions {[(TeO2)0.70 (B2O3)0.30]0.70 (ZnO)0.30}1−y (Er2O3/Er2O3 nanoparticles)y; y = 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 mol% were successfully prepared by using melt-quenching method. The TEM, EDX and XRD have been used to confirm the existence of nanoparticles and all elements in the glass system. The density of b—glass with nanoparticles are found greater than a—ordinary glass. The optical properties of the glass series were characterized by using Ellipsometer and UV–Vis spectrophotometer. There is a linear increasing trend in refractive index of the glass series along with concentration of erbium and erbium nanoparticles oxide. The refractive index of b—glass with nanoparticles is greater than a—ordinary glass. Moreover, the absorption peaks of a—ordinary glass are more intense than b—glass with nanoparticles. The glass with nanoparticles will offer a potential materials for nanophotonic devices.

The glass series of samarium nanoparticles (NPs) doped zinc borotellurite glasses were successfully fabricated by using conventional melt-quenching technique. The structural properties of the prepared glasses were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and FTIR analysis. It was confirmed that the prepared glasses are amorphous in nature. The bonding parameters of the glasses were analyzed by using FTIR analysis and were found the formation of non-bridging oxygen. The density of these glasses were measured and found to be increased with increasing samarium NPs content. The optical absorption spectra of these glasses were revealed that the fundamental absorption edge shifts to higher wavelengths as the content of Sm2O3 (NPs) increases. The optical energy band gap are found to be decreased linearly with an increasing samarium NPs concentration which is due to the formation of non-bridging oxygen in the glass system.KeywordsBorotellurite glass; optical band gap, Samarium nanoparticles.

Neodymium doped zinc borotellurite glass system were fabricated by using conventional melt-quenching method. The structural properties of the glass system were characterized by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) method and Fourier Transform analysis (FTIR). The amorphous nature of the glass system was confirmed by using x-ray diffraction method. The transmission band of TeO3 structural units which indicate the existence of non-bridging oxygen was shown by FTIR analysis. The optical properties of the glass system were determined by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Several bands were shown in the absorption spectra which indicate the characteristic of neodymium ions. The obtained values of indirect optical band gap, Eopt lies in the range of 3.151 eV and 3.184 eV.

In this work, linear and nonlinear optical parameters of zinc borotellurite glasses doped with Gd3+ have been studied for all-optical switching applications. A series of gadolinium zinc borotellurite glasses were synthesized by using conventional melt quenching technique. Optical absorption spectra were recorded by UV–vis spectroscopy. From the optical absorption spectra, the cut-off wavelength, optical band gap, Urbach energy and refractive index have been determined and are related to the structural changes in the glass systems. The nonlinear optical properties of Gd3+ doped glasses are investigated by using Z-scan technique. The values of nonlinear refractive index and absorption coefficient with closed and opened apertures of the Z-scan, respectively, were determined for proper utilization in nonlinear optical devices. Keywords: Gadolinium, Rare earth, Borotellurite glass, Optical band gap, Refractive index, Nonlinear optical properties

A series of neodymium NPs doped tellurite glass with composition of (TeO2)0.7(B2O3)0.3]0.7 (ZnO)0.3}1- x (Nd2O3 NPs) x (x = 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 mol%) was fabricated via melt-quenching method. Density and molar volume were measured and analyzed for the glass series. The optical properties of neodymium NPs doped tellurite glass were measured by UV–Vis spectrometer, photoluminescence and Z-scan technique. The optical band gap energy of the glass network was in the range of 3.178–3.209 eV. The upconversion emission of the laser glass excited at 800 nm was found in the ultraviolet region. Electronic polarizability, oxide ion polarizability, optical basicity and metallization criterion were calculated. Moreover, linear absorption coefficient, α, nonlinear refractive index ƞ (cm2/W), nonlinear absorption, β (x 10−3) and third order susceptibilities, χ (x 10−6) were measured. The optical efficiency of neodymium NPs doped tellurite glass exhibited excellent properties for its application in laser glass.

Erbium doped zinc borotellurite glasses were prepared by using melt-quenching method. The structural properties of the glass samples were determined by using x-ray diffraction (XRD) method and was confirmed its amorphous nature. The density and molar volume is shown to be increased with increasing content of erbium. The refractive index is found to be increased with increasing content of erbium.

The glass series with composition of {[(TeO 2 ) 0.70 (B 2 O 3 ) 0.30 ] 0.7 (ZnO) 0.3 } 1-y (Nd 2 O 3 ) y where, y = 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05; was fabricated via melt-quenched technique. The third-order optical nonlinearity was observed by using Z-scan technique. Polarizability and third-order nonlinearity of borotellurite glass doped with neodymium (Nd 3+ ) will be reported. This work presents the effect of neodymium ions on the linear and nonlinear optical performance of borotellurite glass for potential photonics applications. The structure and optical performance of the resulting transparent neodymium doped borotellurite glass are characterized. The reduction of optical band gap energy, E g is observed which shows the alteration of tellurite structure by the Nd 3+ . The values of electronic polarizability are enhanced with an increase of Nd 3+ ions. The enhancement of electronic polarizability provides an excellent medium for nonlinear optical applications. The optical basicity of the investigated materials shows non-linear trend along with Nd 3+ ions concentration. The Z-scan data for third-order optical nonlinearities suggest that the glass materials are excellent to be used as a medium in nonlinear optical fiber. Therefore, the investigated glass materials may provide a good material for photonic applications.