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Pd catalysts supported on activated carbon (Pd/C–NH3) toward HCOOH dehydrogenation were prepared by a simple adsorption method using ammonia (NH3) and Ar as the working gas. The results show that the TOFinitial of Pd/C–NH3 was 459.8 h−1 at 50 °C. When the reaction was carried out for 4 h, the HCOOH dehydrogenation ratio over Pd/C–NH3 was about 81.2%, which was 1.15 and 1.13 times, respectively, as that of the as-prepared Pd/C catalyst without any treatment (Pd/C–As) and the Pd/C catalyst purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Pd/C-CM). The total amount of H2 and CO2 produced by using Pd/C–NH3 to decompose HCOOH in the third cycle was 99.4% of the gas produced by the first reaction cycle, and 1.80 and 12.60 times, respectively, as that of Pd/C–As and Pd/C-CM. The characterization results indicated that the Pd active species in Pd/C–NH3 migrated to the outer surface of the carbon support during the reaction, and the pore volume of the carbon support became larger, which were beneficial to the reaction. These factors made Pd/C–NH3 exhibit excellent HCOOH dehydrogenation activity and stability. NH3 adsorption is a simple and effective method for preparing high-performance Pd/C HCOOH dehydrogenation catalysts, and has important guiding significance for the preparation of other carbon supported noble metal catalysts.

The increase in laundry activity in the city of Surabaya has led to an increase in the use of detergents, where the content in detergents has a bad effect on the environment. This study uses an adsorption method with commercial activated carbon upflow flow with flow variations of 5 ml / minute, 10 ml / minute, and 15 ml / minute with a height variation of 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm and a sampling time of 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours and 12 hours. The results obtained were the highest efficiency from phosphate removal of 99.07% and anionic surfactant (detergent) 95.35%. The optimum discharge is 5 ml / minute with a height of 15 cm of phosphate and 20 cm of anionic surfactant (detergent). The suitable model is freunlidch, where the R2 value is 0.9418.

The textile industry in Indonesia has increased since the 1980s. From the non-oil and gas sector, the textile industry is the government's largest source of income. In addition to its impressive growth, about 10-15% of the used textile dyestuff is wasted at the dyeing process can exceed the maximum Chemical Oxygen Demand level of 150 mg/L. Synthetic dyes contain carcinogenic ingredients that can harm the environment and aquatic biota. The alternative for handling the dye waste is the adsorption method using bio adsorbent from a mixture of chicken eggshells and rice husk ash. Both have the potential to be used as adsorbents because they have an active site, abundant amounts, and are economical. This study was to determine the effect of the process variables of the adsorbent mass ratio, contact time, and pH on the adsorption capacity of methylene blue using a mixture of eggshells and rice husk ash with the UV-Vis Spectrophotometer analysis method. The results showed that the optimal conditions for the adsorption of 20 ppm methylene blue were 0.2:0.8 gram of adsorbent ratio, 80 minutes, and pH of 3. The adsorption capacity obtained was 98.817%, reduced the methylene blue concentration to 0.237 ppm.

The adsorption behaviour of the herbicide clomazone on inorganic and organically modified montmorillonite from the Bogovina deposit in Serbia was investigated. Montmorillonite was modified first with NaCl and then with organic complexes such as hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA) and phenyltrimethylammonium chloride (PTMA). Changes in the surface properties and morphology of the montmorillonite before and after the modification with various concentrations of organic complexes were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Adsorption of clomazone on all examined samples was investigated using the batch adsorption method. Montmorillonite modified with HDTMA-bromide displayed greater uptake of the clomazone compared to the PTMA-montmorillonite, and both organically modified montmorillonites displayed greater uptake of the herbicide compared to the inorganic montmorillonite. Comparing the Freundlich coefficient and maximum adsorbed clomazone quantity values obtained by Langmuir model, the levels of adsorption of clomazone decreased in the following order: HDTMA-montmorillonite with 1.00 cation-exchange capacity (CEC) saturation > HDTMA-montmorillonite with 0.75 CEC saturation > PTMA-montmorillonite with 1.00 CEC saturation > PTMA-montmorillonite with 0.75 CEC saturation > HDTMA-montmorillonite with 0.50 CEC saturation > HDTMA-montmorillonite with 0.25 CEC saturation > PTMA-montmorillonite with 0.50 CEC saturation > PTMA-montmorillonite with 0.25 CEC saturation > Na-montmorillonite > raw sample. The type and content of an organic cation plays an important role in the behaviour of clomazone in a solid/liquid system. It is concluded that organically modified montmorillonite from Bogovina might be used as an effective adsorbent for clomazone.

In this study, the effects of temperature, pH, and biochar under cadmium stress on the adsorption characteristics of atrazine in soils in northeast China were studied by batch adsorption method. In the atrazine–Cd(II) coexistence system, the adsorption of atrazine by the soils reached equilibrium within 24 h, but there were some differences in sorption capacities of the three types of soil and the order of adsorption is albic soil > black soil > saline-alkaline soil. With the concentration of atrazine increased, the adsorption capacity of atrazine in the three types of soil gradually increased, the upward trend became more obvious with the ambient temperature of the solution decreased. The adsorption kinetics curves of atrazine in the three types of soil conform to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the adsorption isotherm follows the Langmuir model. When atrazine and Cd(II) coexist in soils, the decrease in atrazine adsorption in the soil may be due to the competitive interaction between the two chemicals. Cd(II) occupies part of the adsorption site of atrazine, thus saturating the active site in soils. Since atrazine is a weakly alkaline pesticide, the lower the pH of the soil, the higher the affinity of atrazine for the soil. After adding biochar to the soil, the functional groups in biochar can form π bond with atrazine, which promotes the fixation of atrazine in the soil. The results show that the prevention of atrazine and cadmium leaching can be achieved by appropriately adjusting the pH, temperature, clay content, and organic matter of the soils.

Recently, there has been an increased interest in aluminosilicates of natural origin, both in connection with the application in water and soil treatment systems, and as a matrix for the creation of biologically active composites. Glauconite is an aluminosilicate widely distributed in nature, which is promising for the development of effective enterosorbents and detoxification methods. New bactericidal composites based on glauconite from the Beloozersky deposit in the Saratov region are proposed. The method of scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphological characteristics of individual glauconite and its composites. And the trace element composition was determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. It was also established that the nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms for the studied glauconite sample are of type IV according to the classification of Deming and Teller (BET classification), and the sample is characterized by the presence of mesopores from 2 to 50 nm in size. The specific surface area of enriched glauconite by BET was 22.78 m2/g, and the total pore volume (P/Po = 0.98) - 0.044 cm3/g. Composites with methylene blue, cetyl priridinium chloride and their mixture were obtained on the basis of the enriched fraction of glauconite by sorption immobilization. The sorption capacity of glauconite in relation to the above biologically active substances is determined. An increase in the antibacterial effect of the obtained composites on standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 P and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 relative to individual substances was revealed. Thus, the work shows that glauconite and composites based on it is a promising object for creating new types of enterosorbents for subsequent use in medicine and veterinary medicine.

Textile industry waste contains dyes that are difficult to decompose naturally and cause disruption of ecosystems in water. The colorant that is often used in the textile industry is methylene blue which is a cationic heterocyclic aromatic compound. This compound is so stable that it is difficult to decompose naturally and is harmful to the environment in large concentrations. Therefore, we need a waste treatment technology that can reduce the concentration of dye waste in water. So far, the adsorption method remains the most efficient and effective technique in removing dyes because of its relatively large adsorption capacity. One method that can be used is the adsorption method using natural zeolite. Zeolite is one of the non-metal mineral commodities or multipurpose industrial minerals, one of which is as an adsorbent or adsorbent media. This study aims to determine the potential of natural zeolite in absorbing methylene blue with variations in the concentration of methylene blue and various sizes of natural zeolite mesh. The procedures in this experiment include, the preparation of natural zeolite with size variations of 20-60 mesh, 60-100 mesh and> 100 mesh and variations in the concentration of methylene blue used 15 ppm, 30 ppm and 45 ppm with contact time from 0 to 180 minutes. From the results of the study it was found that the smaller the size of natural zeolite used, the greater the percentage of dye removal that is at mesh size> 100 mesh the percentage of dye removal was 32.11%. As for the variation of the concentration of methylene blue, the smaller the concentration, the natural zeolite can work optimally ie at a concentration of 15 ppm at 180 minutes the remaining methylene blue concentration of 0.145 ppm.

The colorant that is often used in the textile industry is methylene blue which is a cationic heterocyclic aromatic compound. This compound is very stable and is difficult to decompose naturally leading to environment in large concentrations. Therefore, a waste treatment technology to reduce the concentration of dye waste in water becomes importannt. So far, adsorption method with activated carbon remains the most efficient and effective technique in removing dyes from liquid waste due to its relatively large adsorption capacity. Activated carbon is one of the non-metallic mineral commodities or multipurpose industrial minerals, one of which is as an adsorbent or adsorbent media. This study aims to determine the potential of activated carbon in adsorbing methylene blue with variations in the concentration of methylene blue and particle size of activated carbon. The procedures in this experiment include, the preparation of activated carbon with size variations (20-60, 60-100 and> 100 mesh) and variations in the concentration of methylene blue (15 ppm, 30 ppm and 45 ppm) with contact time (0 to 180 minutes). From the results of the study, it was found that the smaller the size of activated carbon used, the greater the adsorption capacity, ie at mesh size> 100 mesh, the adsorption capacity was 9.8%. Whereas, the smaller the concentration of methylene blue, the activated carbon could work optimally at a concentration of 15 ppm at 30 minutes with adsorption capacity as high as 100%.Keywords: adsorption; Methylene Blue; activated carbon; concentration; time; particle size

Highly dispersed ultrafine Pt nanoparticles were supported on halloysite nanotubes by a strong electronic adsorption method. The as-prepared nanocatalyst showed excellent catalytic performance with...

This work focuses on the catalytic potential of K-impregnated staghorn coral as a catalyst in methyl esters production via methanolysis of waste cooking oil (WCO). The prepared catalyst was analyzed by Hammett indicators, XRF, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)-N2 adsorption method, ATR-FTIR, TGA, XRD and SEM to determine its physicochemical properties. ATR-FTIR and XRD results confirmed the formation of K2O species upon KOH impregnation, thus, resulting in good catalytic activity. Reaction parameters such as methanol to oil ratio, reaction time and amount of catalyst were evaluated to find out the best conditions for the transesterification process. About 89.51 ± 4.78 % of biodiesel contents were obtained under the optimum conditions.

The objective of this study was to explore the feasibility of using nanocrystal technology for the design of immediate and sustained release tablets of poorly water soluble drugs. Nanocrystal aggregates comprised of lovastatin, a model drug, 20% PVP K17 and 5% SDS were prepared by spray drying. The nanocrystal aggregates were mixed with lactose, Avicel Ph 101 and Ac-Di-Sol® (blank granules) or 316 Fast Flo® lactose, MCC PH200, and Ac-Di-Sol ® (direct compression), where the composition was optimized by uniform design. The blank granules adsorption method had superior flowability, filling and plastic deformation as well as rapid release rates, and the tableting process did not affect the release rate of nanocrystals. An optimized sustained release tablets formulation was also identified, which decreased the difference of drug release behavior under sink and non-sink conditions. In conclusion, nanocrystal technology is promising for preparing both immediate and sustained release tablets for poorly water soluble drugs with robust drug dissolution and release.

Protein-silica composites are a promising platform for the development of new dosage of protein drugs. The sol-gel method was used to synthesize bovine serum albumin composites with colloidal silica in the presence and absence of trehalose as a protein structure stabilizer. The structural state of the protein in the composites and after release from them and the kinetics and mechanisms of in vitro release were studied. The functional properties of the sol-gel composites were compared with similar composites obtained by the adsorption method. The strong effect of the synthesis method and the influence of trehalose on the structure of the protein and the kinetic parameters and mechanisms of its release were shown. On the basis of a comparative analysis, it was concluded that sol-gel composites have a number of advantages over adsorption-derived composites in terms of their functioning as delivery systems of protein drugs.

Fluoride pollution in subsurface water is a significant problem for different nations across the world because of the intake of excessive fluoride caused by the drinking of the contaminated subsurface. Water pollution by flouride can be attributed to the natural and human-made agents. Increased levels of fluoride in drinking water may result in the irretrievable demineralization of bone and tooth tissues, a situation called fluorosis, and other disorders. There has long been a need for fluoride removal from drinking water to make it safe for human use. Among the various fluoride removal methods, adsorption is the method most popularly used due to its cheap cost, ease of utilization, and being a scalable and simple physical technique. According to the findings of this study, the highest concentration of fluoride (0.1–15.0 mg/L) was found in Sweden and the lowest (0.03–1.14 mg/L) in Italy. We collected the values of adsorption capacities and fluoride removal efficiencies of various types of adsorbents from valuable released data accessible in the literature and exhibited tables. There is still a need to find the actual possibility of using biosorbents and adsorbents on a commercial scale and to define the reusability of adsorbents to decrease price and the waste generated from the adsorption method. This article reviews the currently available methods and approaches to fluoride removal of water.

The development of innovative methods to prepare graphene-based polymer composites with remarkable properties has become a priority due to the many practical applications of these microstructures. Herein, a new technology was used to fabricate composites by combining graphene materials and polymer microspheres. Polyamide 6 (PA6) microspheres were synthesised by reaction-induced phase separation method, and they were wrapped with few-layer graphene (FLG) or graphene oxide (GO) by exfoliated adsorption method, which allows FLG and GO sheets to form a three-dimensional network structure in the PA6 matrix. Electrical and mechanical characterisation led to a distinct improvement in the properties of PA6 composites, which were superior to traditional graphene/polymer composites. Moreover, the process proposed in this work proved to be an effective method to prepare graphene/polymer composites, suitable for industrial production, and can be extended to other kinds of composites with nanofillers.

Methylene blue removal by adsorption method had been done in batch method using adsorbent of used paper powder. Adsorption parameters covering adsorbent doses, contact times, pH, adsorbate concentrations and adsorption isotherm as well as desorption study of the absorbed methylene blue were evaluated. The results showed the highest adsorption of methylene blue was obtained at an optimum adsorbent dose, for 30 min at pH > 9. The maximum adsorption capacity of 30.77 mg/g was obtained with Langmuir isotherm model. While the effective methylene blue desorption on the used paper powder adsorbent was obtained c.a. 0.27 mg/g at pH 1.

Pesticides have been always restricted by poor efficacy and inacceptable toxicity. In this work, a pH-sensitive controlled-release nano-capsule of fungicide, Boscalid@ZIF-67 (ZIF is a subclass of MOF), was prepared based on metal-organic framework (MOF) for higher antifungal effect and low bio-toxicity. The Boscalid@ZIF-67 was formed by physical adsorption method and it possesses uniform size and dodecahedral shape. The loading ratio is as high as 18%. In addition, the release of fungicide Boscalid showed pH sensitive response due to the weak acidic group in the MOF structure, in which the rate of release was more rapid under acid condition (＜7). Cumulative release rate release was higher about 25% and 38% adjusted from 7 to 3.5 and from 7 to 5.5 on the 6th day than that under neutral condition. At the early stage of infecting the host plant, Botrytis cinerea will produce more acidic substances such as oxalic acid, which are conducive to Boscalid@ZIF-67 disintegration for rapid release of Boscalid. Meanwhile, the antifungal effect of Boscalid@ZIF-67 was 4-6 times more of that commercially available product on Botrytis cinerea, while the bio-toxicity under the same condition is much lower than that of latter. Thus, this work not only proves that Boscalid@ZIF-67 could be used as nanoparticles platform for smart control over Botrytis cinerea, but also has great potential to improve traditional modalities by addressing the crop diseases in economic and ecological manner.

This study reports on the synthesis and characterization of sericin–dimethylolurea films (SS–DMU) and the immobilization of Burkholderia cepacia LTEB11 lipases through the so-called “sandwich” adsorption method, wherein the enzyme is deposited on the film, forming an enzyme–film–enzyme surface. Measured film thicknesses were between 230 and 309 μm. Resistance to traction was approximately double in comparison to the film with no enzyme applied. Scanning electron microscopy images attest the formation, after the enzyme immobilization, of aggregate deposits, possibly proteins, over the film surface. Catalytic efficiency was ascertained in ethyl oleate esterification reactions. Ester yield was practically equal (96%, 24 h) for the free and immobilized enzymes. Film samples with different quantities of lyophilized enzyme deposits (56, 122 and 156 mg) were analyzed; during the first 5 h of observation the sample with the largest quantity showed faster reaction speeds. The immobilized lipase (56 mg) was reused, and catalytic efficiency decreased to 58% after seven reaction cycles. The results point to SS–DMU film as a promising biocatalysis material.

This article proposes a novel sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS)-assisted equilibrium adsorption method for preparing highly dispersed Ni/Al2O3 and Fe-promoted NiFe/Al2O3 thioetherification catalysts. The proposed strategy anchors nickel cations onto the electronegative surface of an Al2O3 support modified by negatively charged DBS− bilayers. As a result, this method achieves highly dispersed Ni nanoparticles without strengthening the metal-support interaction, promoting the reducibility and sulfurization of the supported Ni species. The as-prepared Ni-based catalysts have a smaller size, a higher dispersion of metal nanoparticles, and a greater amount of active metal sulfides than their counterparts prepared by the conventional impregnation method, endowing them with excellent catalytic performance for the highly selective removal of mercaptans. This method provides a new opportunity to prepare highly dispersed metal nanoparticles without a strong metal-support interaction.

This article describes the preparation of calix[4]arene-bonded silica gels (C[4]BS and DMC[4]BS), and their application to the removal of some selected phenolic compounds such as phenol (PHE), p-chlorophenol (PCP), m-nitrophenol (MNP) and p-nitrophenol (PNP) from aqueous solutions by adsorption method. In initial adsorption experiments appeared that C[4]BS was much more effective in adsorption of PNP rather than PHE, PCP and MNP, whereas DMC[4]BS exhibited too little adsorption ability towards all phenols. Herein, it was concluded that the hydrogen bonding capacities of both phenols and calix[4]arene based adsorbents played a predominant role in the interactions between adsorbate and adsorbent within the adsorption mechanism. Thus, in subsequent studies, the C[4]BS was employed as an adsorbent in the adsorption of PNP, and adsorption conditions were optimized. Furthermore, isotherm and kinetic studies were performed to clarify the phenomena of PNP adsorption onto C[4]BS.

Polydopamine polystyrene nanofibers mat (PDA-PS NFsM) was prepared as an adsorbent for the simultaneous removal of multiple antibiotic residues in environmental water for the first time. PDA-PS NFsM can directly be used to adsorb 18 antibiotic residues belonging to 8 classes without any pretreatment of water samples. The adsorption process was completed within 5 min. All antibiotics could be removed at the same time, and the removal rate of each target was above 85%. Moreover, the used PDA-PS NFsM can be easily separated from the environmental water by taking out directly, and can be reused for 10 times after simple regeneration. The thermodynamic and kinetic properties of PDA-PS NFsM adsorption of antibiotic residues were further investigated consequently. It was found that the adsorptions of PDA-PS NFsM to the targets were spontaneous and endothermic process (ΔG 0, ΔS>0). The results of adsorption kinetic experiments illustrated that the adsorption process was rapid, the adsorption equilibrium of which can be reached in 5 min. Adsorption isotherm experiments proved that the adsorption process of PDA-PS NFsM was consistent with Langmuir adsorption (R2 > 0.994), and the maximum adsorption capacity of PDA-PS NFsM towards all targets were 123.76 mg g−1. The developed method is rapid and simple, and can efficiently adsorb and remove a variety of antibiotics in environmental water, which has good practical application prospect.

Activated carbon synthesized from the plant Mucuna prurines have been successfully used to remove fluoride from aqueous solution by adsorption method. Batch method adsorption has been studied and the adsorption was found to be very significant. Almost 96% of fluoride could be removed by adsorption. Adsorption studies of fluoride signify the fact that among the different adsorption model, Langmuir adsorption model seems to be more favorable in the present case. Different parameters like effect ofadsorbent dosage, contact time, pH and initial concentration are studied to understand the adsorption mechanism.

This study aims to detect synthetic dyes in JAS (School Children Snacks) using a chelating agent (CAT) from bagasse waste. Instrumentation used in the analysis was spectronic 20D. Sugarcane pulp cellulose products as CAT adsorbent rhodamine B coloring agent, metanil yellow and tartrazine in JAS were applied to 10 types of soft drink samples circulating in the market in Gorontalo City. The method used is the adsorption method. The adsorption capacity produced by cellulose with 75% content and α-cellulose content was 37.8% for sample 1 (56%) sample 2 (12%), sample 3 (83%), sample 4 (54%), sample 5 (45%) , sample 6 (54%), sample 7 (51%), sample 8 (27%), sample 9 (69%) and sample 10 (25%). The adsorption capacity produced by cellulose was 88.4% and α-cellulose content was 45.2% for sample 1 (56%) sample 2 (12%), sample 3 (83%), sample 4 (54%), sample 5 (45%) , sample 6 (54%), sample 7 (51%), sample 8 (27%), sample 9 (69%) and sample 10 (25%).

During recent years, the pharmaceutical compounds have been considered as an emerging water micro-pollutant, due to their potential eco-toxicity. Among the various treatment approaches, the adsorption method has been found an attractive, simple and powerful tool for the removal of these compounds. Recently, the chitosan-based materials (composite), as an eco-friendly biopolymers class, show remarkable promise for effective adsorption of these compounds. This paper aims to establish criteria for choosing the finest chitosan-derivatives through a critical review and assess the published researches dealing with the effectiveness of them in the adsorptive removal of pharmaceutical compounds. This is followed by a preliminary summary for pharmaceutical contaminants adsorption performance of studied chitosan-based materials in tables. In this review article, the pharmaceutical materials also introduced into three categories as antibiotics (tetracycline, amoxicillin, etc.), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (diclofenac, ibuprofen, etc.) and other pharmaceutical compounds (hydroquinone, fluoxetine, etc.), and the employed adsorbents for their removal were studied. This review provides information for the development of composite adsorbents, enhancement of adsorption ability by modification with different functional groups, real wastewater treatment, multicomponent adsorption, regeneration enhancement and fixed-bed studies which is helpful for readers to water and wastewater treatment process at both laboratory and field scales. Along this line, the impact of the various parameters (pH, sorbent amount, initial concentration, temperature, etc.) and the adsorption mechanism are also briefly discussed.

Protease has gained a very important position in many industries such as food, pharmaceutical, chemical and leather industries. In this research, protease was obtained from bacteria. The bacterial strain was obtained from soil which was collected from different areas of Lahore, Pakistan. Fermentation medium (by using sub-merged fermentation technique) was incubated for 48 h at 37°C temperature and agitation speed of 200 rpm. The protease was partially purified with 70% ammonium sulphate. Four different supports were used for the immobilization of the bacterial protease by physical adsorption method. When partially purified protease was immobilized on Amberlite (XAD 761), its production amount was 371.42% (52 U/ml/g support) with strain T 5 ; 208.33% (25 U/ml/g support) with strain T 3 and 342.24% (64 U/ml/g support) with strain H 3 ; when it was immobilized on Duolite (A568), its amount of production was 314.28% (44 U/ml/g support) with strain T 5 ; 225% (27 U/ml/g support) with strain T 3 and 395.72% (74 U/ml/g support) with strain H 3 ; when it was immobilized on Lewatit (VPOC 1600), the amount of production was 450% (63 U/ml/g support) with strain T 5 ; 541.66% (65 U/ml/g support) with strain T 3 and 320.85% (60 U/ml/g support) with strain H 3 . But, when it was immobilized on Pentynyl Dextran (NT4L360), its amount of production was 271.42% (38 U/ml/g support) with strain T 5 , 3483.33% (418 U/ml/g support) with strain T 3 and 304.81% (57 U/ml/g support) with strain H 3 . Immobilized protease from bacterial strain T 3 had the highest immobilizing activity of 3483.33% (418 U/ml/g support). This immobilized protease with the highest activity could be used in food, pharmaceutical and leather industries. Keywords: Protease, bacterial strain, immobilizing activity

The aim of the work is investigation of cytotoxic influence of the magnetocarried polyfunctional nanocomposites based on single-domain magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) and anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin (DOX) on yeast cells Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Magnetite was synthesized according to the Elmor reaction. For investigations we used a fraction of particles with sizes of 6-23 nm. Specific surface area of the samples studied was S = 105–180 m 2 /g. Magnetosensitive nanocomposites Fe 3 O 4 /DOX, Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 /DOX, Fe 3 O 4 /TiO 2 /DOX, Fe 3 O 4 / hydroxyapatite (HA)/DOX were synthesized. To obtain Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 nanocomposites, we used tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as a modifying agent. The technique for synthesis of nanocomposites consisting of magnetite modified with silica dioxide involves hydrolysis of TEOS. The coating was 0.2 g of SiO 2 on 1 g of magnetite. Specific surface area of the nanocomposite increases from 105 m 2 /g (for unmodified magnetite) to 130 m 2 /g. To obtain Fe 3 O 4 /TiO 2 nanocomposites, we used n-butylorthotitanate as a modifying agent. The technique based on the reaction of conversion of n-butylorthotitanate on the magnetite surface into ТіО 2 . This conversion consists in hydrolysis of n-butylorthotitanate followed by condensation of hydrolysis products with formation of amorphous ТіО 2 . Modification of the surface of nanosized magnetite with hydroxyapatite (obtaining of Fe 3 O 4 /H А composites) was carried out by the reaction: 10 Са (NO 3 ) 2 + 6 (NH 4 )2HPO 4 + 8 NH 4 ОН → Са 10 (PO 4 ) 6 ( ОН ) 2 + 20 NH 4 NO 3 . We realized immobilization of DOX on the surfaces of magnetite Fe 3 O 4 and nanostructures Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 , Fe 3 O 4 /TiO 2 , Fe 3 O 4 /HA by adsorption method from saline environment. Bioactivity of the nanocomposites was determined in the study of viability of cells by a cytochemical method using optical microscopy and Goryaev chamber with registration of concentration change for cells in suspensions containing nanocomposites, yeast cells, minimal synthetic nutrient medium and saline. Fe3O4/DOX, Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 /DOX, Fe 3 O 4 /TiO 2 /DOX, Fe 3 O 4 /HA/DOX nanocomposites had cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity with respect to Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, which were characteristic for a free form of doxorubicin. Using the chosen objects, we worked out rather effective, reliable, safe and relatively inexpensive technique for control of cytotoxic activity of nanocomposites, which could be actual for use in development of new medical magnetocarried remedies of targeted delivery, in particular, for oncology.

This research explores feasibility of adsorption method used for regulating polypenols content in wort with a view of improving beer quality. It examines adsorption of polyphenols (quercetin, gallic acid, rutin) from pure substance solutions, their mixtures and beer wort treated by sorbents that differ by origin, making, structure and surface chemical composition. The work determines patterns and specific features of polyphenols adsorption with activated carbons. To describe adsorption mechanism more precisely, we specified structure, surface chemical condition, and calculated adsorption parameters using equations of Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich, and the multilayer adsorption theory (BET model). It is demonstrated that polyphenols adsorption mechanism depends on carbon characteristics and is of physical nature that reveals itself in dispersion interaction in micropores and in specific one with oxygen-containing functional group (OFG) on carbon surface. Polyphenol competitive adsorption in mixture and wort recognized. At polyphenols adsorption from model solutions and wort, carbon sorbents are identified to share sufficiently close sorption characteristics. We performed comparative evaluation of quality characteristics of beer produced from activated carbons treated and untreated worts. It is shown that beer samples produced from unhopped wort filtered through semi-coke adsorption, meet regulatory standards requirements of safety by organoleptic, physical and chemical indicators. Moreover, beer obtained from semi-coke treated wort exceeds control sample in terms of organoleptic and stability ensuring indicators.

In this research, the ozonation–sorption technology for water purification to remove trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene is presented. Physical and chemical (kinetic) parameters of consecutive ozonation and sorption of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene from water are determined. The optimum technological parameters of this method for the purification of water from trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene are developed. R&D were carried out using water from 12 underground wells nearby Podolsk, Moscow region (Russia).

Background Autoantibodies in patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) are encountered with difficulties in ABO grouping and cross-matching; moreover, they may mask the presence of alloantibodies, leading to hemolytic transfusion reaction. Therefore, an efficient and time-saving method is required to detect alloantibodies underlying autoantibodies for safe transfusion in AIHA. Aim To compare the efficiency of different alloadsorption techniques in detection of alloantibodies after complete removal of autoantibodies. Patients and methods A total of 70 patients with warm AIHA were enrolled in this study; antibody screening was done by using screening cells (I+II+III cells). Allogenic adsorption was performed using conventional, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and low ionic strength solution (LISS)/papain methods followed by rescreening to ensure the adsorption of the autoantibodies, and whenever screening test revealed the presence of alloantibodies, antibody identification was done. Antibody identification and cross-matching with phenotyped red cells were done by the plasma obtained with this method. The best adsorption method was chosen depending on its ability to preserve the alloantibody. Results A significant difference was found among the three alloadsorption methods regarding number of alloadsorptions and time for complete autoantibodies removal. PEG showed the lowest mean number of alloadsorptions (2.6±1.2) followed by LISS/papain (3.1±1.5) compared with the conventional method (3.7±1.4) (P Conclusion Among the evaluated methods, LISS/papain displayed the highest diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of alloantibody detection. Compared with the conventional method, LISS/papain and PEG minimized the time and number of alloadsorptions, enhancing turnaround time and reducing the labor of pretransfusion testing in AIHA.

Silica and silica-cellulose were safe biomaterials used as the matrix for immobilized enzyme or any bigger molecule. Some enzymes play role in some processes to biofuel production. In this study, the enzyme used was the lipase enzyme, to test the ability of the matrix as carrier. This research aimed to know the ability to immobilize lipase enzyme using adsorption method. Spectroscopy methods were involved. The research was divided into 4 steps (1) preparation of silica and silica-cellulose matrices, (2) characterization of silica and silica-cellulose, (3) immobilization of lipase enzyme on the silica and silica-cellulose which included activity test: optimum temperature, optimum pH, and optimum stirring speed, and (4) effectiveness of immobilized lipase enzyme on the silica and silica-cellulose. The result showed silica porous material as a matrix was more effective than silica-cellulose as matrix for lipase enzyme.

Attempts were made to recover succinic acid from aqueous solution by macroporous resin adsorption. The adsorption properties of succinic acid on seven different resins (HPD-300, HPD-400, HPD-450, HPD-500, HPD-826, AB-8, and NKA-9) were compared systematically. According to the adsorption capacity, NKA-9 was chosen as the most suitable resin for succinic acid purification. The influences of solution pH, initial succinic acid concentration, and temperature were studied by the static adsorption method. The maximum adsorption capacity for succinic acid on NKA-9 was 155.9 mg·g–1 and obtained at pH 2.0, initial concentration 50 mg·mL–1 and 10 °C. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to describe the interactions between solutes and resins, and the equilibrium experimental data were well fitted to the two isotherms. The kinetic data were modeled using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion equations. The experimental data were well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic ...

Dyes effluent has been considered as the major environmental issues recently. In this work, hydrotalcite-like material (ZnAl LDH) have been successfully prepared and applied as a benign adsorbent material for congo red and direct violet dye removal from aqueous solution. The adsorption process was fully conducted in batch adsorption method. The effect of some operational parameter such as contact time, initial dye concentration, and adsorption temperature was systematically investigated. The results showed that the adsorption of congo red and direct violet onto ZnAl LDH was followed the pseudo-adsorption kinetics model. Furthermore, the adsorption isotherm and adsorption thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption process occurred in multilayer system and the whole process occurred spontaneously.Dyes effluent has been considered as the major environmental issues recently. In this work, hydrotalcite-like material (ZnAl LDH) have been successfully prepared and applied as a benign adsorbent material for congo red and direct violet dye removal from aqueous solution. The adsorption process was fully conducted in batch adsorption method. The effect of some operational parameter such as contact time, initial dye concentration, and adsorption temperature was systematically investigated. The results showed that the adsorption of congo red and direct violet onto ZnAl LDH was followed the pseudo-adsorption kinetics model. Furthermore, the adsorption isotherm and adsorption thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption process occurred in multilayer system and the whole process occurred spontaneously.

The Mg–Al-CO 3 -LDH with Mg 2+ /Al 3+ molar ratio of 2 was prepared via coprecipitation method at constant pH of 9–10 and used to remove three red dyes by batch adsorption method. The results showed the Mg–Al-LDH were well crystallized and can adsorb the red dyes effectively. The optimal adsorbent dosage and contact time were 1.0 g and 60 min, respectively. Adsorbed amount hardly changed when pH

In this proceedings under way was concentrated on water collection samples in Tirunelveli district from well (open and bore well), tape, river and the pond. The results were characterised by physico-chemical and microbiological studies. Depending on the amount fluoride has both beneficial and adverse effects on human health. The allowable limit for fluoride in drinking water is 1.5 mg / L according to India's and the World Health Organization 's National Standards for Drinking Water Quality. Beyond this cap, fluoride can lead to a number of diseases including skeletal and dental fluorosis, brittle bones, cancer, infertility, brain damage, Alzheimer's syndrome and thyroid disease. Fluoride removal from the sample of drinking water is important for utility purposes. Among the literature methods, the adsorption method is deemed more suitable for defluoridation due to its usability, efficacy and economic viability. In these present investigations, the low cost agricultural materials as adsorbents were utilized for fluoride removal and also compared the efficiency. The experimental observations are discussed. We conclude that numerous human activities in the soil deliberate the release of toxic ion levels, which can lead to serious human health consequences for the environment. We recommend that the public health sector has taken appropriate action and organized more awareness camp related to health issues with the use of natural adsorbent materials for purification and removal as well.

Effluent of aniline wastewater treatment from a company was isolated and fractionated by resin adsorption method into six different fractions. These fractions are operationally categorized as hydrophobic acids (HOA), hydrophobic bases (HOB), hydrophobic neutrals (HON), hydrophilic acids (HIA), hydrophilic bases (HIB) and hydrophilic neutrals (HIN). The dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ultraviolet-visible (UV) and genotoxicity of each fractions were determined. The results showed that hydrophobic matter is the main fractions of DOC and makes the main contributions to the genotoxicity of effluent of aniline wastewater treatment.

The present study investigated capillary electrophoretic detection of vanillin in vanilla perfume and air. An UV-absorbance detector was used in a home-made capillary electrophoretic instrument. A fused silica capillary (outer diameter: 364 μm, inner diameter: 50 μm) was used as a separation capillary, and a high electric voltage (20 kV) was applied across the two ends of the capillary. Total length of the capillary was 70 cm, and the effective length was 55 cm. Experimental results showed that the vanillin peak was detected at about 600, 450, and 500 seconds when pH of running buffers in CE were 7.2, 9.3, and 11.5, respectively. The peak area of vanillin was proportional to its concentration in the range of 0-10(-2) mol/L. The detection limit was about 10(-5) mol/L. Vanillin concentration in a 1% vanilla perfume sample was determined to be about 3×10(-4) mol/L, agreed well with that obtained by a HPLC method. Furthermore, determination of vanillin in air by combination of CE and active carbon adsorption method was investigated.

The effective production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) from wheat bran was investigated. Wheat bran contains rich hemicellulose which can be hydrolyzed by enzyme; the XOS were obtained by microwave assisted enzymatic hydrolysis. To improve the productivity of XOS, repeated microwave assisted enzymatic hydrolysis and activated carbon adsorption method was chosen to eliminate macromolecules in the XOS. On the basis of experimental data, an industrial XOS production process consisting of pretreatment, repeated microwave assisted enzymatic treatment and purification was designed. Using the designed process, 3.2g dry of purified XOS was produced from 50 g dry wheat bran powder.

In research carried out measurements of weight loss with API 5L grade B material in a solution of HCl 1 M. Extract Myrmecodia Pendans is used as a corrosion inhibitor. Immersion time was 2 hours, while the temperature variations used are 30, 40 and 50°C. Extracts of the ants 100-500 mg / L (multiples of 100 mg / L). In this study will also be analyzed with some models of adsorption mechanisms, including the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin. This study aimed to determine the appropriate method of adsorption isotherms on each system. Adsorption equations of the model will be obtained values of free energy of a system. With the known value of free energy, it can be seen whether the adsorption occurs in physics or chemistry. This related to the surface protective layer formed on the surface absorption extract Myrmecodia Pendans. The results showed that the adsorption followed the Langmuir adsorption method at 30 and 40°C, while the temperature of 50°C followed Freundlich adsorption methods.

The phase isotope exchange of water applied to the removal of tritiated water vapor from process and exhaust gases of enterprises of the nuclear industry is considered, and its prospects are estimated theoretically and experimentally. This method has obvious advantages over the currently used adsorption method from the standpoint of the simplicity of equipment required, the amount of secondary nuclear waste, and energy consumption.

This work is devoted to researching the kinetics of the formation of particle surfaces and interfaces during the milling of nanostructured tungsten carbide/cobalt (WC–Co) powders in a planetary ball mill. The power consumption of the mill and the energy transferred to the powder are measured. The contents of Co and WC at the surface of the particle, the specific surface areas (SSAs) of the particles, and the SSAs of the WC phase and the WC grains were determined using various methods. The features of the SSA analysis using the laser diffraction method and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) gas adsorption method are discussed. The specific interface areas (SIAs) of the WC/WC and WC/Co boundaries were calculated based on the obtained data. The SSA of the powder and the SIA of the WC/WC linearly increased during the beginning of the milling process, the rates of growth subsequently decreased, and the SSA and the SIA approached their limits. The SIA of WC/Co increases linearly without limit. The employed model made it possible to determine the milling rates and the limits of the SSA and the SIA. Based on the obtained results and literature data, the energy that was stored in different surfaces and interfaces was calculated.

P(DMAA-co-AM)hydrogel; adsorption method; a-amylase; Immobilized enzyme. Abstract. P(DMAA-co-AM)hydrogel was prepared by aqueous solution polymerization with N,N-dimethylacrylamide(DMAA) and acrylamide(AM) as monomers.,taking the P(DMAA-co-AM) hydrogel as carrier, a-amylase was immobilized by adsorption method.The investigation of effection of temperature and pH on enzymatic activity exhibites that the optimum temperatures are 50°C for both free and immobilized enzyme,the maximum activity is observed at pH 6.0 for both free and immobized enzyme. The activity of immobilized a-amylase remaines higher 40% at sixth run. Kinetic studies demonstrate that: Km values are 5.15749 and 1.44479 mg/mL for free and immobilized enzyme, Vmax values are 2.56082 and 0.58272 mg/mL min-1 for free and immobilized enzyme.

The purpose of this work is to study the adsorption and desorption characteristics of acetone vapor and toluene vapor from adsorption tower in the VOCs recovery device. The six kinds of activated carbon with different pore structures were used and the adsorption and desorption characteristics were compared according to pore structure, desorption temperature, and adsorption method, respectively. Adsorption capacity of acetone vapor and toluene vapor by batch method was higher than that by dynamic method. Especially, activated carbon with medium-sized or large pores had more difference in adsorption capacity according to adsorption methods as a result of gradually condensation of vapors on relatively mesopore and large pores. Activated carbons with relatively large pores and relatively small saturated adsorption capacity had excellent desorption ability. Key Words : Activated carbon, Adsorption, Desorption, Acetone vapor, Toluene vapor, Pore structure 1) 1. 서 론 여러 산업분야에서 광범위하게 사용되고 있는 휘발성 유기화합물(volatile organic compounds, VOCs)은 대부분이 건조공정에서 휘발되어 대기 중으로 배출되고 있다. 이렇게 배출된 VOCs는 산업현장의 작

The pressure-swing adsorption method for carbon dioxide capture would ideally be facilitated by adsorbents with a high capacity and a high selectivity for CO(2). Several aluminophosphates with 8-ri ...

The surface structure characteristics of the absorbent subjected to SO2 and NO2 for different reaction times were measured by using the N2 adsorption method. The pore surface and structure fractal dimensions (D1 and D2) calculated from the N2 adsorption isotherms data were applied to analyze the fractal characteristics of absorbent particles during reactions. On the basis of the measurement results and the reaction mechanism of SO2 and NO2 removal, the evolution mechanism of absorbent surface structure during reactions was discussed. The presence of reaction products on the surface of the absorbent can reshape the pore structure. With the comparison of the evolution of the surface structure in SO2 and NO2 single removal, the interaction of SO2 and NO2 on the absorbent surface has a great effect on the change of surface structure with simultaneous removal of SO2 and NO2. The decrement of the surface structure parameters values is lower than that in both SO2 and NO2 single removal. The change trend of the D...

Treatment of waste lubricating oil by chemical and adsorption process using butanol and kaolin has been done. Quality of lubricating oil after treatment was analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The effects of the treatment of butanol, KOH, and kaolin to metals contain in waste lubricating oil treatment have been evaluated. Treatment of waste lubricating oil has been done using various kaolin weight, butanol, and KOH solution. The result of this research show metal content of Ca, Mg, Pb, Fe and Cr in waste lubricating oil before treatment are 1020.49, 367.02, 16.40, 36.76 and 1,80 ppm, respectively. The metal content of Ca, Mg, Pb, Fe and Cr in the waste lubricating oil after treatment are 0.17, 9.85, 34.07, 78.22 and 1.20 ppm, respectively. The optimum condition for treatment of waste lubricating oil using butanol, KOH, and kaolin is 30 mL, 3.0 g and 1.5 g, respectively. Chemical and adsorption method using butanol and kaolin can be used for decrease of metals contain in waste lubricating oil.

Mesoporous silica nanotubes with coiled pore channels in the walls were prepared using the self-assemblies of a gelator as template previously. The TEM images were simulated using Autodesk 3D studio MAX 9.0 here. These hierarchical nanotubes were organized into μm-size balls by increasing the concentration of gelator and controlling stirring speed. Bimodal pore structure was identified by a N2 adsorption method.

In this paper, a uniform calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) network has been constructed on a bare mica surface using a simple adsorption method. The effect of the immersion time in water on the characteristics of the morphological transitions of DNA molecules adsorbed on the mica surface was investigated by atomic force microscopy. It was found that the DNA molecules underwent conformational transitions from stretched wormlike coil to rod and to network by changing the immersion time in water and the formation mechanism was explained briefly.

p-Oleyloxybenzyl (POB) glycoside, selectively removable with TMSOTf, was developed as a protecting group for the glycosyl acceptor. Activation of the trichloroacetimidate was efficiently accomplished using 20 mol% of Cu(OTf) 2 . Purification of the resulting glycoside was rapidly and efficiently accomplished by an ODS adsorption method based on the significant affinity of long alkyl chains and the ODS. The procedure is particularly useful for convergent oligosaccharide synthesis.