Search

Photochemistry to prepare platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) is an essential way to control Pt NPs catalyst size distribution. This article reports a series of morphologically controlled syntheses of Pt NPs loaded on modified carbon nanotube (Pt-CNTs). In the synthesis, Polyethylene glycol (PEG) participates in reactions both as a reducing agent and a stabilizer. Visible light irradiation was adopted as a kinetic controlling approach. Typical 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction was adopted to probe the catalytic performances. Characterizations prove that visible light irradiation is an effective way to control the reaction process. In the optimized reaction conditions, i.e., when the ratio PEG:H2O is 1:9, and the pH is 10, the as-prepared Pt NPs are consequently in a very narrow sized distribution with an average diameter of 1.29 nm. The Pt-CNTs present a high reaction rate constant of 0.624 min-1 in the catalytic reduction of 4-NP. All the research results are beneficial for exploring more green chemistry and facile photochemical approaches in the controlled preparation of Pt nanocatalysts.

A highly selective turn-on fluorescent and naked-eye colourimetric dual-channel probe for cyanide anions (CNˉ) has been designed and characterized. In the mixed solution (DMSO / H2O, 9:1, v / v), only CNˉ could cause an increase in the UV absorption intensity and the corresponding fluorescence intensity increased, and other anions had no significant effect on the probe. After treatment with cyanide in the probe solution, the solution showed a noticeable colour change, from light yellow to purple. Moreover, a fluorescence spectrophotometer can be used to observe that the fluorescence intensity of the solution is significantly enhanced. The response of the colourimetric and fluorescent dual-channel probe to CNˉ was attributed to nucleophilic addition, and the mechanism was determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. In addition, this probe was used to detect CNˉ in actual water samples, including river water, drinking water, and tap water. The spiked CNˉ recovery rate is very high (97.2%-100.06%), and analytical precision is also very high (RSD

Based on tetraphenylethylene as the skeleton, two novel salamo-type fluorescent probes (TPES1 = 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde O-(3-(((-2-hydroxy-5-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)benzylidene)amino)oxy)propyl) oxime and TPES2 = bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde O-(3-(((2-hydroxy-5-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)benzylidene)amino)oxy)propyl) dioxime) were designed and synthesized. Through the colorimetric and fluorescence dual-channel modes, cyanide ions could be specifically recognized by the two probe molecules. Interestingly, the probes TPES1 and TPES2 exhibited completely different spectral behaviors during the recognition process. Of the two, the TPES1 molecule is a ratio-type fluorescent probe, and double fluorescence emission peaks appeared during the titration process. The reason for this phenomenon is due to the rotation of the C–C single bond in tetraphenylethylene, causing the solution system to contain molecules in two states. On the other hand, the TPES2 molecule is a fluorescence-enhanced probe that has undergone two reaction processes of deprotonation and addition reaction successively, causing the fluorescence intensity to increase continuously. Theoretical calculations indicated that the configuration of probe TPES1 is reversed after interacting with cyanide ions (CN−). By calculating the minimum detection limits of TPES1 and TPES2 to CN−, the LOD values were 8.56 × 10−8 M and 5.37 × 10−8 M, respectively. In addition, probe-based test strips have been prepared for quick and simple detection of cyanide ions.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common critical illness in clinical anesthesia and the intensive care unit that can cause acute hypoxic respiratory insufficiency. Despite various therapeutic regimes having been investigated, there is currently no effective pharmacotherapy available to treat ALI. Previous studies have reported that the NOD‑like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway plays an important role in the inflammatory response and is involved in the pathogenesis of ALI. Moreover, dexmedetomidine (Dex), an α2‑adrenergic receptor activating agent, has been routinely used as an adjuvant therapy in treating inflammatory diseases, including ALI. However, the precise pathological mechanisms of Dex in ALI remain to be elucidated. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of the p38/heme oxygenase 1 (HO‑1) signaling pathways in the pathological mechanisms of Dex in ALI. Newborn male Sprague‑Dawley rats (n=48) were randomly divided into four groups (n=12 each), and an intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to successfully induce the ALI model, with increased pulmonary damage, cell apoptosis, interleukin‑1β (IL‑1β) secretion and edema fluid in lungs. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression levels of NLRP3 were significantly upregulated, while that of HO‑1 were downregulated by LPS treatment. Furthermore, the levels of phosphorylated p38 were also upregulated in ALI rats. It was demonstrated that Dex administration significantly alleviated LPS‑induced ALI, downregulated the secretion of IL‑1β, decreased the expression of NLRP3, inhibited the phospho‑activation of p38 and increased HO‑1 expression. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of p38 using the inhibitor SB20380 further enhanced the effect of Dex. Collectively, these preliminarily results identified the effects of Dex intervention on the pathogenesis of ALI via the regulation of p38/HO‑1 signaling pathways, which impacted the inflammatory effects, thus providing a theoretical basis and novel evidence for the development of new targets for clinical treatment of ALI.

A bifunctional secondary phosphine oxide (SPO) ligand-controlled method was developed for Ni-Al-catalyzed nonchelated dual C-H annulation of arylformamides with alkynes, providing a series of substituted amide-containing heterocycles in ≤97% yield. The SPO-bound bimetallic catalysis proved to be critical to the reaction efficiency.

Layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) is one of the representative two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, offering a tantalizing prospect in the application of nanoelectronic devices and circuits. Here abnormal electrical and optoelectrical characteristics in transferred multilayer MoS 2 transistors are observed and discussed. Such phenomena can be explained by the MoS 2 intrinsic defects and the trapped charge impurities at the MoS 2 -dielectric and MoS 2 -MoS 2 interfaces, as well as its charge screening effect. Our findings highlight the significance of controlling the dielectric interface and the material quality of 2D semiconductors, which are critical for the reliability of future 2D nanoelectronic devices.

A simple Schiff base fluorescent probe (SW) composed of oxime and salicylaldehyde units was designed and synthesized. The probe has high selectivity and sensitivity for Zn2+ ion in mixed solvent (DMSO/H2O, V/V = 9:1). The fluorescence has obvious redshift phenomenon and visible color change. The stoichiometric ratio of the probe to Zn2+ ion was confirmed to be 1:2 (mole) by 1H NMR, MS analysis and job curves. And the detection limit of fluorescence response of the SW to Zn2+ is down to 2.53 × 10–8 mol/L. At the same time, the probe SW can be applied to the test paper detection of Zn2+ ions under 365 nm UV light and the detection of Zn2+ ions in actual water samples.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy is a novel cellular immunotherapy that is widely used to treat hematological malignancies, including acute leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Despite its remarkable clinical effects, this therapy has side effects that cannot be underestimated. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is one of the most clinically important and potentially life-threatening toxicities. This syndrome is a systemic immune storm that involves the mass cytokines releasing by activated immune cells. This phenomenon causes multisystem damages and sometimes even death. In this study, we reported the management of a patient with recurrent and refractory multiple myeloma and three patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia who suffered CRS during CAR-T treatment. The early application of tocilizumab, an anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, according to toxicity grading and clinical manifestation is recommended especially for patients who suffer continuous hyperpyrexia, hypotensive shock, acute respiratory failure, and whose CRS toxicities deteriorated rapidly. Moreover, low doses of dexamethasone (5-10 mg/day) were used for refractory CRS not responding to tocilizumab. The effective management of the toxicities associated with CRS will bring additional survival opportunities and improve the quality of life for patients with cancer.

Triptolide is a major active ingredient isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. However, its use in clinical practice is limited due to its severe hepatotoxicity. Autophagy, a highly conserved intracellular process, is essential for maintaining cytoplasmic homeostasis. Considering that abnormalities in autophagy are closely associated with drug-mediated hepatotoxicity, we applied human normal liver HL7702 cells to elucidate the roles of autophagy in triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity. Our study revealed that triptolide was cytotoxic to HL7702 cells. It markedly increased autophagosome formation and expression of autophagy-related proteins, namely Beclin1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3II, and induced oxidative stress. These proautophagic effects were counteracted by pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine, a reactive oxygen species scavenger. Moreover, the pharmacological suppression of autophagy further exacerbated triptolide-elicited decrease in cell viability, increase in lactate dehydrogenase leakage, and activation of apoptosis proteases (caspase 3 and caspase 9). Our findings suggest that triptolide-induced oxidative stress consequently enhances autophagic activity, and autophagy is a cytoprotective mechanism against triptolide-induced cytotoxicity in HL7702 cells.

ContextLH receptor (LHR) expression has been shown to be regulated posttranscriptionally by LHR mRNA binding protein (LRBP) in rodent and human ovaries. LRBP was characterized as mevalonate kinase. The gene that encodes mevalonate kinase is a member of a family of genes that encode enzymes involved in lipid synthesis and are regulated by the transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs).ObjectiveThe current study examined the regulation of LHR mRNA expression in human granulosa-lutein cells in response to alterations in cholesterol metabolism.DesignUsing atorvastatin, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis, we examined its effect on LHR mRNA expression. The effect of atorvastatin on SREBP and mRNA expression as well as LHR mRNA binding protein expression was examined. Finally, the effect of atorvastatin on human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)–stimulated progesterone production and the expression of key steroidogenic enzymes was also examined.ResultsStatin treatment reduced LHR mRNA expression by increasing the levels of SREBP1a and SREBP2, leading to an increase in LRBP. RNA gel shift assay showed that increased binding of LHR mRNA to LRBP occurred in response to atorvastatin, leading to LHR mRNA degradation. The granulosa-lutein cells pretreated with atorvastatin also showed decreased responsiveness to hCG by decreasing the mRNA and protein expression of steroidogenic enzymes. Atorvastatin also attenuated LH/hCG-induced progesterone production.ConclusionThese results imply that LHR mRNA expression by the human granulosa-lutein cells is regulated by cholesterol, through a mechanism involving SREBP and SREBP cleavage activating protein serving as the cholesterol sensor.

Background Cultured human cells are pivotal models to study human gene functions, but introducing complete loss of function in diploid or aneuploid cells has been a challenge. The recently developed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homology-independent knock-in approach permits targeted insertion of large DNA at high efficiency, providing a tool for insertional disruption of a selected gene. Pioneer studies have showed promising results, but the current methodology is still suboptimal and functional outcomes have not been well examined. Taking advantage of the promoterless fluorescence reporter systems established in our previous study, here, we further investigated potentials of this new insertional gene disruption approach and examined its functional outcomes. Results Exemplified by using hyperploid LO2 cells, we demonstrated that simultaneous knock-in of dual fluorescence reporters through CRISPR/Cas9-induced homology-independent DNA repair permitted one-step generation of cells carrying complete disruption of target genes at multiple alleles. Through knocking-in at coding exons, we generated stable single-cell clones carrying complete disruption of ULK1 gene at all four alleles, lacking intact FAT10 in all three alleles, or devoid of intact CtIP at both alleles. We have confirmed the depletion of ULK1 and FAT10 transcripts as well as corresponding proteins in the obtained cell clones. Moreover, consistent with previous reports, we observed impaired mitophagy in ULK1−/− cells and attenuated cytokine-induced cell death in FAT10−/− clones. However, our analysis showed that single-cell clones carrying complete disruption of CtIP gene at both alleles preserved in-frame aberrant CtIP transcripts and produced proteins. Strikingly, the CtIP-disrupted clones raised through another two distinct targeting strategies also produced varied but in-frame aberrant CtIP transcripts. Sequencing analysis suggested that diverse DNA processing and alternative RNA splicing were involved in generating these in-frame aberrant CtIP transcripts, and some infrequent events were biasedly enriched among the CtIP-disrupted cell clones. Conclusion Multiallelic gene disruption could be readily introduced through CRISPR/Cas9-induced homology-independent knock-in of dual fluorescence reporters followed by direct tracing and cell isolation. Robust cellular mechanisms exist to spare essential genes from loss-of-function modifications, by generating partially functional transcripts through diverse DNA and RNA processing mechanisms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-018-0616-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Two newly di- and tri-nuclear Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes constructed from a half-salamo chelating ligand (HL: 2-[O-(1-ethyloxyamide)]oxime-6-methoxyphenol), [Cu2(L)2(μ-OAc)2] (1) and [{Ni3(μ-OAc)2(L)2(OAc)2]·CHCl3 (2), and one tetranuclear Co(II) complex [Co4(L′)4(MeOH)4] (3) based on an unexpected ligand H2L′ derived from the cleavage of HL have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV–vis spectra, and single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The single crystals of complexes 1, 2 and 3 in the process of synthesis are obtained through different routes. The complex 1 includes two Cu(II) atoms, two completely deprotonated (L)− units and two μ-acetate ions, which displays a propeller-type motif. The complex 2 contains three Ni(II) atoms, two completely deprotonated (L)− units, two μ-acetate ions, two chelating acetate ions and one crystallizing chloroform molecule, the crystal structure of complex 2 reveals a butterfly-type motif. The complex 3 is made up of four Co(II) atoms, four completely deprotonated (L′)2− units (HL′: 2-[O-(1-hydroxyethyl)]oxime-6-methoxyphenol) and four coordinated methanol molecules, which shows a windmill-type motif. Besides, magnetic properties and Hirshfeld surface analyses were discussed.

A novel strategy for microRNAs (miRNAs) detection has been developed utilizing duplex-specific nuclease-assisted signal amplification (DSNSA) and guanine-rich DNA-enhanced fluorescence of DNA-templated silver nanoclusters (AgNCs). The combination between target miRNA, DSNSA, and AgNCs is achieved by the unique design of DNA sequences. Target miRNA opens the hairpin structure of the Hairpin DNA probe (HP) by hybridizing with the HP and initiates the duplex-specific nuclease-assisted signal amplification (DSNSA) reaction. The DSNSA reaction generates the release of the guanine-rich DNA sequence, which can turn on the fluorescence of the dark AgNCs by hybridizing with the DNA template of the dark AgNCs. The fluorescence intensity of AgNCs corresponds to the dosage of the target miRNA. This is measured at 630 nm by exciting at 560 nm. The constructed method exhibits a low detection limit (~8.3 fmol), a great dynamic range of more than three orders of magnitude, and excellent selectivity. Moreover, it has a good performance for miR-21 detection in complex biological samples. A novel strategy for microRNAs (miRNAs) detection has been developed utilizing duplex-specific nuclease-assisted signal amplification (DSNSA) and guanine-rich DNA-enhanced fluorescence of DNA-templated silver nanoclusters (AgNCs).

In this paper, the effect of binder decay rather than a change in the pigments on the blurring of ancient wall paintings was researched. The simulated wall paintings were prepared by brushing an aqueous solution containing gelatine and ochre grains on the surface of cylindrical compressed soil samples. Then, the dried samples were calcined at 650 °C for 2 h to obtain the simulated wall paintings with the degraded binder gelatine. Next, the calcined samples were brushed with a certain amount of acetone solution containing an ionic liquid ([BMIm]PF6) to obtain the corresponding repaired samples. Based on the results from various characterization methods (UV–vis, FTIR, XRD, XPS, SEM, TG), the following conclusions were drawn. The degradation of the binder caused by calcination increases the surface roughness of the painting layer, resulting in enhanced scattering. In this case, because scattering decrease the light absorption by the pigments, even if unchanged pigment exists in the painting layer, its colour can become blurred. The filling of the ionic liquid into the pores caused by gelatine decay in the painting layer can decrease the scattering, and the blurred colour can be restored to some extent. As typical examples, this principle was successfully applied to restore the blurred colour of an ancient Chinese wall painting (Tang Dynasty) and a pottery (Eastern Han Dynasty).

Three novel N4-cavity Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) mononuclear complexes, [Cu(L)(NO3)2][Cu(L)(NO3)]NO3 (1) [Ni(L)(NO3)2] (2) and [Zn(L)(NO3)2] (3) were successfully synthesized via the reactions of a pyridine-containing N4-cavity bisoxime ligand L (L = 2,2'-[Ethylenedioxobis(azetidinyl)]pyridine) with Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) nitrates, respectively. Complexes 1-3 were characterized via elemental analysis, IR, UV-Vis spectra and X-ray crystallography. All three complexes are monoclinic systems, containing one M(II) atom and one (L) ligand moiety. Complexes 2 and 3 form centrosymmetric molecules. In addition, supramolecular interactions, Hirshfeld surface analysis were used to analyze the crystal properties that have been studied.

Twofold C-H annulation of readily available formamides and alkynes without built-in chelating groups was achieved. Ni-Al bimetallic catalysis enabled by a bulky BINOL-derived chiral secondary phosphine oxide (SPO) ligand proved to be critical for high reactivity and high selectivity. This reaction uses readily available formamides as starting materials and provides a concise synthetic pathway to a broad range of chiral ferrocenes in 40-98 % yield and 93-99 % ee.

The hydrolysis of K2[PtCl4] under visible light, the equilibrium, morphology, and size of Pt NPs combined with CDs, the valence states of Pt element and the bonding of Pt NPs with CDs, the influence of different kinds of cyclodextrin (α, β, γ-CDs), the acidity of the solution, and the visible light color on the catalytic ability of Pt NPs were all researched by typical approaches. All results prove visible light irradiation is effectively playing a key role in the reaction process to form Pt NPs in a very narrow size distribution. pH = 9, β-CDs, and purple visible light are the optimized reaction conditions. The Pt-CDs present a high rate constant of 0.88 min−1 in the catalytic reduction of 4-NP. This research is beneficial for expanding photochemical approaches from ultraviolet light to visible light, which is more of green chemistry, low cost, and facile.

An unprecedented dinuclear CuII complex, [Cu2(L2)2], derived from a salamo-like chelating ligand H2L2, was produced by the cleavage of a newly synthesized, half-salamo-like ligand HL1 (2-[O-(1-ethyloxyamide)]oxime-3,5-dichloro-phenol). This was synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV&ndash, Vis and fluorescent spectra, single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and Hirshfeld surface analysis. X-ray crystallographic analysis indicated that the two CuII (Cu1 and Cu2) ions bore different (N2O3 and N2O2) coordination environments, the penta-coordinated Cu1 ion possessed a slightly twisted tetragonal pyramid geometry with the &tau, value &tau, = 0.004, and the tetra-coordinated Cu2 ion showed a slightly twisted square planar geometry. Interestingly, one oxime oxygen atom participated in the coordination reported previously. Moreover, an infinite two-dimensional layered supramolecular network was formed. Compared with HL1, the CuII complex possessed the characteristic of fluorescence quenching.

Ni−Al bimetallic catalysis proves to be an efficient catalytic strategy for unreactive bond transformations. Recently, chiral bifunctional ligands, especially amphoteric secondary phosphine oxide (SPO) ligand, are used for a more powerful synergistic effect in the bimetal-catalyzed reactions, providing not only milder reaction conditions and higher reactivity but also excellent reaction selectivity. Herein, we give a brief review on the development of Ni−Al bimetallic catalytic system and highlight recent advances in enantioselective Ni−Al bimetallic catalysis for unreactive bond transformation.

C60H50Co2N9O15, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 13.6074(19) Å, b = 13.9185(17) Å, c = 15.837(2) Å, α = 81.196(4)°, β = 86.607(4)°, γ = 81.665(4)°, Z = 2, V = 2930.7(7) Å3, R gt(F) = 0.0564, wR ref(F 2) = 0.2010, T = 296(2) K.

Two novel structurally characterized Co(II) metal-organic framework (Co(II) MOF) and Cd(II) coordination polymer (Cd(II) CP), [{Co(L)}2]n·nCH3COCH3 and [Cd(H2L)(CH3COO)2]n were self-assembled from a newly designed salamo-like ligand H2L bearing double terminal pyridine groups and Co(II) and Cd(II) ions, respectively. In the Co(II) MOF, the Co1 and Co2 ions are six-coordinated octahedron geometries, have similar coordination environments, and are located in the N2O2 cavities of the ligand (L)2− units, forming "Co1-L" and "Co2-L" parts, respectively. The terminal pyridine N atoms of the "Co1-L" (or "Co2-L") part are connected with "Co1-L" and "Co2-L" parts respectively, forming a metal-organic framework with double helix structure in thea-direction and regular channels in the c-direction. In the Cd(II) CP, Cd(II) ion is seven-coordinated single cap triangular prism geometry, did not participate in the coordination of the N2O2 cavity, but coordinated with free acetate in the solution. Two bidentate acetate anions chelate to Cd1 ion, and two Cd1 ions are bridged by O atom of one of the acetate anions to form Cd2(OAc)2 unit which was used as the junction point to connect with the terminal pyridine N atoms of H2L. Finally, the coordination polymer with large pore channels was formed. Spectroscopic analyses of H2L and its Co(II) MOF and Cd(II) CP are performed using IR, UV–Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. TGA analyses show that the Co(II) MOF and Cd(II) CP have good stabilities. Various short-range interactions in the Co(II) MOF and Cd(II) CP are investigated through Hirshfeld surfaces analyses.

An ionic liquid-based microwave-assisted extraction (ILMAE) method was developed to extract 6-, 8-, 10-gingerols and 6-, 8-, and 10-shogaols from ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). A series of water-miscible ionic liquids (ILs) with different kinds of anions and cations were investigated. Results indicated that among the investigated ILs, the carbon chains of alkyl cations remarkably affected the extraction efficiency of the six compounds and 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C10MIM]Br) was the optimal IL. The selected conditions for ILMAE were as follows: [C10MIM]Br concentration, 0.80 M; extraction temperature, 75 °C; irradiation time, 30 min; and irradiation power, 400 W, in the case of solid–liquid ratio of 0.1:10 g/mL. This study showed that compared with the total extraction yield of 0.595 ± 0.031% by methanol marinated extraction and 0.673 ± 0.043% by methanol-based microwave-assisted extraction, ILMAE attained higher yield of 0.716 ± 0.051%; and ILMAE obtained a shorter time of 30 min for extraction of gingerols and shogaols from ginger. This study provides a basis for separating and purifying bioactive components from ginger. Moreover, the use of small amounts of [C10MIM]Br as extraction solution in the method was considered environmentally friendly.

An unexpected polyhydroxyl-bridged tetranuclear ZnII complex and a benzoquinone compound derived from metal-ion promoted reactivity of Schiff base ligands were synthesized and characterized. The reaction of zinc(II) acetate dihydrate with oxime-type Schiff base ligand HL1 [HL1 = 1-(3-((3,5-dibromosalicylaldehyde)amino)phenyl)ethan-1-one O-benzyl oxime] in methanol, acetone, and acetonitrile resulted in the chemoselective cleavage of the C=N bond of the Schiff base HL1, and then the further addition of acetone to two salicylaldehyde molecules derived from cleavage of the C=N bond in situ α,α double aldol reaction promoted by ZnII ions. The newly formed ligands H4L2 coordinate to four ZnII ions forming a defect-dicubane core structure [ZnII4(H2L2)2(μ3-OCH3)2(μ-OCH3)2(CH3OH)2] (1) bridged exclusively by oxygen-based ligands. The similar ligand HL3 [HL3 = 1-(3-((3,5-dichlorosalicylaldehyde)amino)phenyl)ethan-1-one O-benzyl oxime)] was employed to react with CdII acetate dihydrate under the same reaction conditions. No aldol addition occurred but a unexpected benzoquinone compound 2,5-bis(((3-(1-((benzyloxy)imino)ethyl)phenyl)imino)methyl)-1,4-benzoquinone (2) formed. The results provided interesting insights into one-pot routes involving in situ reactions act as a strategy for obtaining a variety of polymeric/polynuclear complexes which are inconvenient to obtain from directly presynthesizing the ligands.

C38H38Mn2N2O14, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 8.2828(12) Å, b = 10.428(2) Å, c = 12.152(3) Å, α = 113.44(2)°, β = 93.369(16)°, γ = 107.890(16)°, Z = 1, V = 896.5(3) Å3, R gt(F) = 0.0578, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1288, T = 293(2) K.

C38H36Cr2N2O14, triclinic, P1̄, a = 8.2863(13) Å, b = 10.4324(13) Å, c = 12.152(3) Å, α = 113.420(13)°, β = 93.326(13)°, γ = 107.857(12)°, Z = 1, V = 897.7(2) Å3, R gt(F) = 0.0454, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1112, T = 293(2) K.

C38H38Co2N2O14, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 9.7459(5) Å, b = 7.9026(7) Å, c = 24.0622(15) Å, β = 100.260(5)°, Z = 2, V = 1823.6(2) Å3, R gt(F) = 0.0576, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1201, T = 293(2) K.

The Schiff base binuclear Zn(II) complexes, [Zn2(L)2∙(H2O)2]∙2DMF (1) and its coordination polymer [Zn2(L)2∙(4,4′-bpy)2]n (2) (H2L = 3-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-amino]-4-hydroxy-chromen-2-one, 4,4′-bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine), were synthesized under the same experimental condition without or with the auxiliary ligand 4,4′-bpy, respectively. The structural analysis revealed that complexes 1 and 2 have different crystal structures. The complex 1 was a centrosymmetric binuclear structure. It is noteworthy that the linker 4,4′-bpy was introduced during the synthesis of complex 2, so that two water molecules in complex 1 were replaced by two 4,4′-bpy linkers to form one-dimensional (1D) chain-like coordination polymer. The central Zn(II) ions in complex 1 were penta-coordinated distorted square pyramid geometry with τ = 0.42. However, the Zn(II) ions of complex 2 were hexa-coordinated distorted octahedral geometry. The fluorescence spectrum showed the complex 2 containing 4,4′-bpy was substantially quenching of the fluorescence as compared with the complex 1. In addition, it could be seen from the DFT calculation the energy gaps of the complexes 1 and 2 were both reduced compared to the ligand H2L. However, the LUMO and HOMO orbits of the complex 2 were occupied by the 4,4′-bpy, which is different from complex 1, resulting in 1 and 2 had different spectral properties.

A bissalamo-coumarin-based chemical sensor H4L was designed and synthesized. It was found that the sensor molecule can selectively recognize Cr3+ and Al3+. In a buffer solution system, its complex L − Cr3+ is highly sensitive to the detection of S2− anion, and the sensor H4L can recognize Cr3+ at an acceptable physiological pH. Within the range, L − Cr3+ can recognize S2− anions with high selectivity and sensitivity. The detection limit for the sensor molecule H4L to recognize Cr3+ is 4.87 × 10-7 M, and the quenching constant with Cr3+ is 2.406 × 106 M-1. It was calculated that the detection limit of L − Cr3+ as a sensor was 8.23 × 10-7 M, and the binding constant with S2- anion was 1.44 × 106 M-1. The possible recognition mechanisms were discussed by UV, fluorescence titration, ESI-mass spectrometry and Job curve. In addition, S2− in different water samples was detected and the recovery was good.

Using 3-MeOsalamo H2L (H2L = 1,2-bis(3-methoxysalicylideneaminooxy)ethane) with Zn(OAc)2·2H2O, Ln(NO3)3·6H2O (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, and Tb), and 4,4′-bipy (4,4′-bipyridine) or H2bdc (terephthalic acid), three new families of heteromultinuclear ZnII–LnIII complexes: [{Zn(L)Ln(NO3)3(CH3OH)}2(4,4′-bipy)] (Ln = La (1·2CH3OH) and Ce (2)), [{Zn(L)Ln(NO3)3}2(4,4′-bipy)] (Ln = Pr (3), Nd (4), Sm (5), Eu (6), Gd (7), and Tb(8)), [{(ZnL)2Ln}2(bdc)2]·(NO3)2·2CHCl3 (Ln = Ce (9), Pr (10) and Sm (11·2CH3CH2OH)), and 2∞[Zn(L)Ln(bdc)1.5] (Ln = Eu (12) and Gd (13·2CHCl3)) were obtained, respectively. Complexes 1–8 are heterotetranuclear dimers based on [Zn(L)Ln] moieties which are linked through the exo-dentate 4,4′-bipy having nitrogen-donor atoms. Heterohexanuclear complexes 9–11 constructed from almost linear trinuclear cationic [(ZnL)2Ln] moieties which are linked through the exo-dentate (bdc)2– bearing oxygen-donor atoms. Two 2D coordination polymers 12 and 13 are also assembled by [Zn(L)Ln] units with (bd...

Based on the data of chlorophyll-a, nitrate and nitrite derived from the samples collected from the Pearl River estuary during 2004 to 2008, the spatial-temporal character of chlorophyll is analyzed and the correlation between chlorophyll-a, nitrate, and nitrite is studied using Grey System Theory. The distribution of chlorophyll has significant annual variation. There are two high chlorophyll regions, lying around the Wanshan Islands and the Qi'ao Islands, and the high chlorophyll distribution always exists near the Wanshan Islands during all the observed years. There is a good grey correlation between chlorophyll and nitrite, especially around the Qi'ao Islands. From the Lingding Sea to the Shenzhen coast, the grey correlation is not as significant as that in other regions. Except for the Humen and Shenzhen bay stations, all the other stations have a positive degree of grey relation. The sign of the grey relation degree between chlorophyll and nitrate has an obvious spatial difference, with a negative correlation near the coast and a positive correlation in the estuarine region.

An FeBr3 -catalyzed reductive coupling of various aldehydes with alkenes that proceeds through a direct hydride transfer pathway has been developed. With (i) PrOH as the hydrogen donor under mild conditions, previously challenging coupling reactions of unactivated alkyl and aryl aldehydes with simple alkenes, such as styrene derivatives and α-olefins, proceeded smoothly to furnish a diverse range of functionalized alcohols with complete linear regioselectivity.

C46H38MnN3O8, triclinic P1̅ (no. 2), a = 8.9705(6) Å, b = 12.0309(8) Å, c = 18.4209(13) Å, α = 96.303(2)°, β = 103.884(2)°, γ = 101.636(2)°, Z = 2, V = 1864.0(2) Å3, R gt(F) = 0.0496, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1274, T = 296 K.

C38H38Zn2N2O14, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 9.6906(6) Å, b = 7.9055(5) Å, c = 24.0501(18) Å, β = 99.878(7)°, Z = 2, V = 1815.1(2) Å3, R gt(F) = 0.0474, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1143, T = 293 K.

The design of new crystalline porous proton-conducing materials becomes an urgent demand because of the increasing demand of energy. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), or porous coordination polymers (PCPs), have been proved to be ideal candidates for proton-conducting materials in recent years due to their tailorable structures, good crystallinity, and functionalizable porosity. In order to search for new crystalline porous proton-conducing material with high proton conductivity, a new BaII coordination polymer based on a simple ligand p-phthalic acid, namely, [Ba(p-BDC)]n (1) [p-H2BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid], has been successfully synthesized under solvothermal conditions and structurally characterized. 1 exhibits a three-dimensional framework with a pillared–layered structure. 1 was found to be stable in aqueous solution with pH values ranging from 1 to 11 as well as in (boiling) water. 1 shows a high proton conductivity value of 2.5 × 10−4 S·cm−1 at 98% RH and 100 °C. In addition, through structural analysis and calculated Ea values, the proton conducting mechanism was highlighted.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common movement disorder with motor and nonmotor signs. The current therapeutic regimen for PD is mainly symptomatic as the etio-pathophysiology has not been fully elucidated. A variety of animal models has been generated to study different aspects of the disease for understanding the pathogenesis and therapeutic development. The disease model can be generated through neurotoxin-based or genetic-based approaches in a wide range of animals such as non-human primates (NHP), rodents, zebrafish, Caenorhabditis (C.) elegans, and drosophila. Cellular-based disease model is frequently used because of the ease of manipulation and suitability for large-screen assays. In neurotoxin-induced models, chemicals such as 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), rotenone, and paraquat are used to recapitulate the disease. Genetic manipulation of PD-related genes, such as α-Synuclein(SNCA), Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), Pten-Induced Kinase 1 (PINK1), Parkin(PRKN), and Protein deglycase (DJ-1) Are used in the transgenic models. An emerging model that combines both genetic- and neurotoxin-based methods has been generated to study the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of PD. Here, we discuss the advantages and limitations of the different PD models and their utility for different research purposes.

Objective To investigate the interventional effects of 12 months Tai-Chi exercise on blood lipids, inflammatory factors and the interventional mechanism of exercise in arteriosclerosis of middle-aged and elderly people Methods 30 in middle-aged and elderly people with average age of 63.50±2.91 joined 12 months taijiquan exercise that conducted 60 minutes ecth time, six times per week. Left brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (L-baPWV), right brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(R-baPWV) , left ankle brachial index (L-ABI), right ankle brachial index(R-ABI), serum triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and hypersensitive c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were detected at 3 time points including before exercise programme, by the end of exercise for 6th and 12th month. Results ①Compared with pre-exercise, the R-baPWV and R-ABI of the elderly people were decreased at the end of the 6th month, and the L-baPWV, R-baPWV, R-ABI and L-ABI were decreased significantly at the end of the 12th month. ②Compared with pre-exercise, TC and LDL-c were declined markedly (P

Exosomes, abundant in blood, deliver various molecules to recipient cells. Endothelial cells are directly exposed to circulating substances. However, how endothelial cells respond to serum exosomes (SExos) and the implications in diabetes-associated vasculopathy have never been explored. In the present study, we showed that SExos from diabetic db/db mice (db/db SExos) were taken up by aortic endothelial cells, which severely impaired endothelial function in nondiabetic db/m+ mice. The exosomal proteins, rather than RNAs, mostly account for db/db SExos-induced endothelial dysfunction. Comparative proteomics analysis showed significant increase of arginase 1 in db/db SExos. Silence or overexpression of arginase 1 confirmed its essential role in db/db SExos-induced endothelial dysfunction. This study is a demonstration that SExos deliver arginase 1 protein to endothelial cells, representing a cellular mechanism during development of diabetic endothelial dysfunction. The results expand the scope of blood-borne substances that monitor vascular homeostasis.

Three polyhydroxyl-bridged tetranuclear MnIII complexes [Mn4(L1a)2(&mu, 3-OMe)2(&mu, 2-OMe)2(MeOH)2] (1), [Mn4(L2a)2(&mu, 2-OMe)2(H2O)2] (2), and [Mn4(L3a)2(&mu, 2-OMe)2(H2O)2] (3) derived from Mnn+-promoted reactivity of Schiff base ligands (HL1 = 1-(4-{[(E)-3,5-dichlorine-2-hydroxybenzylidene]amino}phenyl)ethanone O-benzyloxime, HL2 = 1-(4-{[(E)-3-bromine-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene]amino}phenyl) ethanone O-benzyloxime, and HL3 = 1-(4-{[(E)-3,5-dibromine-2-hydroxybenzylidene]amino}phenyl)ethanone O-benzyloxime) have been synthesized and characterized. In the MnIII complexes 1, 2, and 3, the newly formed ligands (L1a)4&minus, (L2a)4&minus, and (L3a)4&minus, are derived from the chemoselective cleavage of the C=N bond in the original Schiff base ligands HL1, HL2, and HL3 to form corresponding halogenated salicylaldehyde, 3,5-dichlorosalicylaldehyde, 3-bromine-5-chlorosalicylaldehyde, and 3,5-dibrominesalicylaldehyde, respectively. Then, the further addition of acetone to two halogenated salicylaldehyde molecules in situ &alpha, &alpha, double aldol reaction promoted by Mnn+ ions in the presence of base to give the new ligands ((Lna)4&minus, X-ray crystallographic analyses of the MnIII complexes 1, 2, and 3 show that the three complexes are all tetranuclear structure and crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P-1. The four MnIII ions and bridging alkoxido groups are arranged in a face-shared dicubane-like core with two missing vertices. In the three MnIII complexes, the asymmetric unit contains two kinds of different MnIII ions (Mn1 and Mn2), where the MnIII ions are all hexacoordinated with slightly distorted octahedral geometries. Simultaneously in the synthesis of multinuclear Mnn+ complexes above, we explored the crystal structure, spatial configuration, and spectroscopic properties of the multinuclear MnIII complexes with different halogen substituents.

A Ni–Al bimetallic catalyzed enantioselective C–H exo-selective cyclization of imidazoles with alkenes has been developed. A series of bi- or polycyclic imidazoles with β-stereocenter were obtained in up to 98% yield and >99% ee. The bifunctional SPO ligand-promoted bimetallic catalysis proved to be critical to this challenging stereocontrol.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are assemblies in which metal ions/clusters and organic linkers are combined through coordination interactions. Accordingly, the design and construction of MOFs depends on two primary interacting components, namely the connectors (metal ions/clusters) and linkers (organic ligands). The judicious selection of organic ligands to coordinate with suitable metal centers is a key factor in determining the structures and properties of MOFs. The donor atom type, coordination mode, rigidity/flexibility, functional and/or substituent groups and the geometry of the organic ligands have a remarkable influence on the structures of MOFs. In this review, we highlight zinc(II) and cadmium(II) MOFs with 1-imidazole-containing and 1-imidazole-carboxylate ligands. The influence of the nature of the organic ligands on the assembly and structural modulation of the MOFs is discussed, so as to provide primary information and insights into the design and assembly of the desired Zn(II) and Cd(II) MOFs.

An intumescent fire retardant (IFR) system based on guanidine phosphate (GP) and pentaerythritol (PER) was proposed. Decomposition products of GP were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) combined with pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Pyrolysis GC–MS) at first. The pure intumescent fire retardant (IFR) GP-PER was studied then. When the IFR was combusted, the special spherical shell-shaped foam was generated. The foam was made up of soluble phosphorus degradation products (PDPs) and insoluble nitrogenous - carbonaceous char consisting of fused ring and heterocyclic ring structures derived from the degradation products of pentaerythritol phosphate esters and condensed cyanamide derivatives. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy as well as Ion chromatography (IC) and elemental analysis were used to study the morphology and the moieties of the foam. The mechanism of the special foam formation was proposed with the help of TGA results in the paper. Eventually, mixtures of this IFR blended in polypropylene (PP) matrix were prepared and the fire retardancy was studied. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated the variation of the foam moieties from 270 °C to 500 °C. Experiments proved the optimal mass ratio of GP and PER is 2:1 to get fire retardancy in PP matrix. With an addition of 25 wt%, the limited oxygen index (LOI) could reach 31% and vertical burning ratings (UL-94 tests) reach a V-0 rating.

Two new Co(II) complexes, [{Co(L)}2{Co(Pic)2(CH3OH)2}] (1) and [{CoL(μ-OAc)}2Co] (2), where H2L = 2,2′-[Ethylenedioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]dinaphthol, were designed, synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectra, UV-Vis spectra, and X-ray crystallography. Complex 1 consists of two [CoL] and one [Co(Pic)2(CH3OH)2] (Pic = picrate) units and in the [CoL] unit, the Co(II) atom is tetra-coordinated with a slightly distorted square-planar geometry. In the [Co(Pic)2(CH3OH)2] unit, the Co(II) atom is hexa-coordinated with a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. Meanwhile in complex 2, two acetate ions coordinate to three Co(II) atoms through Co-O-C-O-Co bridges and four μ-naphthoxo oxygen atoms from two [CoL] units also coordinated to the central Co(II) atom. Thus, complex 2 has two distorted square pyramidal coordination geometries around the terminal Co(II) atom and an octahedral geometry around the central Co(II) atom. The supramolecular structures of complex 1 is a 3D-network supramolecular structure linked by C-H···O hydrogen bonds and π···π stacking interaction, but complex 2 possesses a self-assembled 2D-layer supramolecular structure linked by C-H···π and π···π stacking interactions. The structure determinations show that the coordination anions are important factors influencing the crystalline array.

DNA damage contributes to renal tubular cell death during kidney injury, but how DNA damage in tubular cells is regulated is not fully understood. Lethal (3) malignant brain tumor-like 2 (L3MBTL2), a novel polycomb group protein, has been implicated in regulating chromatin architecture. However, the biological functions of L3MBTL2 are largely undefined. Here we found that L3MBTL2 was expressed in the nuclei of renal tubular epithelial cells in mice. Ablation of L3mbtl2 in renal tubular cells resulted in increases in nuclear DNA damage, p53 activation, apoptosis, tubular injury and kidney dysfunction after cisplatin treatment or unilateral ureteral obstruction. In vitro, inhibition of L3MBTL2 sequentially promoted histone γH2AX expression, p53 activation and apoptosis in cisplatin-treated mouse proximal tubular TKPTS cells. Inhibition of p53 activity attenuated the apoptosis induced by L3mbtl2 deficiency after cisplatin treatment both in vivo and in vitro. Intriguingly, unlike other polycomb proteins, L3MBTL2 was not recruited to DNA damage sites, but instead increased nuclear chromatin density and reduced initial DNA damage load. Thus, L3MBTL2 plays a protective role in kidney injury, in part by inhibiting the DNA damage-p53-apoptosis pathway.

Ancient Chinese objects dating from the Warring States period (475–221BC) to the Han dynasty (206BC–220AD), including faience beads, wall paintings, polychrome decoration on pottery, stone and bronze objects, were studied using Raman microscopy and polarized light microscopy (PLM). Chinese Blue (BaCuSi 4 O 10 ) and Chinese Purple (BaCuSi 2 O 6 ) were identified, and additionally dark blue particles of a new pigment BaCu 2 Si 2 O 7 were also detected in purple decoration. Based on PLM observation, Chinese Blue, Chinese Purple and BaCu 2 Si 2 O 7 frequently coexist in single polychrome samples and cannot be individually identified using other analytical methods because of the minute amount that these chemicals present: sometimes comprising just one or two particles. The use of Raman spectroscopy can identify such small presences. This paper illustrates the man-made barium copper silicate pigments along the Qin historical development and shows the advantage of PLM combined with Raman spectroscopy to analyses pigments giving us an overall picture of the dates and the places where barium copper silicate pigments were used in ancient China. Their origin, decline and manufacturing techniques are also discussed.

In our work, a classical system was used for intumescent flame retardant (IFR), consisting of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and pentaerythritol (PER). Effects of weight ratio of APP to PER (APP-PER ratio) on various aspects of carbonaceous foam deriving from polypropylene (PP)/IFR composites were investigated. Tested parameters included the flame retardancy and composition, as well as the structural and thermophysical properties of the carbonaceous foam. The carbonaceous foam resulting from PP/IFR composites was a physical mixture of phosphorous degradation products (PDPs) and insoluble chars. The structural and thermophysical properties of the carbonaceous foam affected by the APP-PER ratio include its expansion ratio, air tightness, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity. These properties in turn affected the efficiency of both mass (O2 and combustibles) and heat transfer between the gas and the condensed phases. The content of PDPs in the mixed melt during the foaming stage and in the solidified carbonaceous foam was considered as the main regulator of these important properties of the carbonaceous foam. Concise heat and mass transfer theories were applied to qualitatively explain the results of flame retardant tests.

The crystallization of calcium carbonate was conducted by the reaction of calcium acetate with urea in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The morphology and polymorphism of these products were characterized with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that hierarchical CaCO3spheres were prepared in the presence of PVP. Varying the amount of PVP can prominently regulate the aggregation and self-assembly process of calcium carbonate precursor formed in mixed solvent.

In this work, a phosphorous-based water treatment chemical 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) was neutralized by aqueous ammonia, and its ammonium salts 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic ammonium (HEDPA) was synthesized. The HEDPA solution was heated to 130 °C to concentrate the solution and form crystals. The results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and ion chromatography (IC) indicated that a new substance was produced via ammonization. The molecular structure of HEDPA was HEDP·3.9NH3, and the degree of ammonization was as high as 97.3%. The crystalline HEDPA was then mixed with pentaerythritol (PER) and melamine (MEL) to produce HEDPA-PER and the improved HEDPA-PER-MEL systems as the environmentally friendly intumescent flame retardants (IFR), providing flame retardancy into polystyrene (PS). The results of thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Pyrolysis GC-MS) both suggested that the thermal stability of HEDPA was far superior to that of HEDP. More TGA tests of HEDP-PER and HEDPA-PER system demonstrated that the HEDPA/PER system was more thermally stable and less corrosive. Compared with classical ammonium polyphosphate (APP)-PER system, the HEDPA-PER system exhibited better flame retardancy, compatibility in PS matrix and stronger synergistic effect with MEL, which was confirmed from varieties of tests, including limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94 flame rating), cone calorimeter test (CCT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Digital photos.

A new heteronuclear Ln-Co carbonyl cluster, Ce4Yb2(μ3-L)4(CF3COO)8(DMF)6Co (L=(CO)6Co2CC(COO)2-), has been synthesized by reaction of (CO)6Co2CC(COOH)2 with Ce (OOCCF3)32H2O and Yb (OOCCF3)32H2O. The cluster structure was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and IR. The crystal is monoclinic crystal system and C2/c space group. X-ray analysis revealed that the heterometallic cluster belonged to a rare class of Ln-Co carbonyl cluster bridged by carboxylate groups of carbonyl cluster ligands. The cluster was monometric unit and exhibited cage-like configuration.

A novel azine derivative colorimetric and fluorescent dual-channel probe salicylaldehyde hydrazine-3,5-dibromosalicylaldehyde ( 1 ) has been designed, synthesized and characterized. The probe 1 is confirmed to have especial selectivity and good sensitivity on detecting CN − via UV–vis absorption and fluorescence spectrum in aqueous solution (H 2 O/DMSO, 1:4, v/v). This colorimetric and fluorescent dual-channel probe response to CN − owed to the deprotonation process and established the mechanism by using 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Further researches showed that the detection limit of the probe 1 to CN − anions is 8.01 × 10 − 9 M, significantly lower than the maximum level 1.9 × 10 − 6 M in potable water from WHO guidelines.

The original fly ash samples fetched from the power plant and the treated fly ash samples after screening, magnetic separation and mixing were used in the experiment of photocatalytic removal on mercury in flue gas. The fly ash samples and the absorption solution after experiment were tested for mercury content. The results showed that different sizes of the original fly ash had different characteristics of photocatalytic removal of mercury. The adsorption of mercury by fly ash was an important condition for the occurrence of photocatalytic effect. When the mercury adsorption capacity of fly ash was stronger, the capacity of photocatalytic removal mercury was also greater. The presence of iron oxide on the fly ash surface can promote the capability of photocatalytic removal of mercury by fly ash. The presence of ultraviolet light can significantly promote Hg0 oxidize to Hg2+ by fly ash. Thus the oxidized mercury in the flue gas can be easily absorbed by the solution.