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Accurate control of the layer number of orderly stacked 2D polymers has been an unsettled challenge in self-assembly. Herein we describe the fabrication of a bilayer 2D supramolecular organic framework from a monolayer 2D supramolecular organic framework in water by utilizing the cooperative coordination of a rod-like bipyridine ligands to zinc porphyrin subunits of the monolayer network. The monolayer supramolecular framework is prepared from the co-assembly of an octacationic zinc porphyrin monomer and cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) in water through CB[8]-encapsulation-promoted dimerization of 4-phenylpyridiunium subunits that the zinc porphyrin monomer bear. The bilayer 2D supramolecular organic framework exhibits structural regularity in both solution and the solid state, which is characterized by synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering and high-resolution transmission electron microscopic techniques. Atomic force microscopic imaging confirms that the bilayer character of the 2D supramolecular organic framework can be realized selectively on the micrometer scale.

Novel sulfonamide [2]catenanes were successfully prepared through a self-templation approach. The catenated skeletons were confirmed by traveling-wave ion-mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) combined with gradient tandem mass spectroscopy (gMS2). Moreover, two pyrene units were further introduced into the [2]catenane through the alkylation reaction of the sulfonamide moieties, resulting in the successful synthesis of a novel pyrene-functionalized [2]catenane which displayed a switchable optical output controlled by cation-induced conformation transformation.

A discrete rhomboidal metallacycle R functionalized with bis-[2]pseudorotaxane of [Cu(phenanthroline)2]+ derivatives was successfully synthesized via coordination-driven self-assembly. Furthermore, the host–guest complexation of such a bis-[2]pseudorotaxane metallacycle with a bis-pillar[5]arene (bisP5) allowed for the formation of a new family of cross-linked supramolecular polymers R⊃(bisP5)2, which displayed interesting redox-responsive properties. By taking advantage of the substantial structural differences between the coordination geometries of [Cu(phenanthroline)2]+ and [Cu(phenanthroline)2]2+, the weight-average diffusion coefficients D of the supramolecular polymer were adjusted through changing the redox state of the Cu(I)/Cu(II) complexes.

Attributed to their synthetic accessibility, unique structural and intriguing photophysical features, pyrene moieties have recently been introduced into supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) such as metallocycles and metallocages as either functional groups or key panels. The resultant pyrene-based SCCs displayed not only attractive emission properties but also impressive binding abilities towards diverse guests, endowing them with wide applications in sensing, host–guest chemistry, light harvesting etc. In this review, a comprehensive summary of pyrene-based metallocycles and metallocages is presented, and the emphasis will be on the intriguing photophysical features and unique host–guest chemistry that the pyrene moieties bring to the SCCs.

A novel magnetic carbon-based solid acid catalyst (C350-Cl) was synthesized through a simple impregnation–carbonization process and used for the pretreatment of corncob in an aqueous medium. Under the optimized pretreatment reaction conditions, the yield of pentose reached 91.6% with a hemicellulose removal rate of 91.7%, and the subsequent enzymatic digestibility of the pretreated corncob residue reached 90.0% at 48 h. C350-Cl is a magnetic enzyme-mimetic solid acid catalyst, and its catalytic behavior is similar to those of enzymes. In addition, the catalyst is also an excellent carrier for Fe and Cl in that the Fe3+ and Cl–can be released slowly in the pretreatment to assist the hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Compared with the traditional method with other catalysts, this hydrolysis process is suitable for the effective and sustainable saccharification of lignocellulose for producing fermentable sugar.

This work presents a novel process to form SiNx films and process for membranes with excellent mechanical properties for micro-electro-mechanical systems application as well as integration as IR waveguide for photonic application. The SiNx films were fabricated in SiNgen apparatus which is a single wafer chamber equipment compared to conventional low pressure chemical vapor deposition furnace process. The films showed low stress, good mechanical properties, but the synthesis also eradicates the issues of particle contamination. Through optimizing of the growth parameters and post annealing profile, low stress (40 Mpa) SiNx film could be finally deposited when annealing temperature rose up to 1150 °C. The stress relaxation is a result of more Si nano-crystalline which was formed during annealing, according to the FTIR results. The mechanical properties, Young’s modulus and hardness, were 210 Gpa and 20 Gpa respectively. For the waveguide application, a stack of three layers, SiO2/SiNx/SiO2 was formed where the optimized layer thicknesses were used for minimum optical loss according to simulation feedback. After deposition of the first two layers in the stack, the samples were annealed in range of 900–1150 °C in order to release the stress. Chemical mechanical polish technique was applied to planarize the nitride layer prior to the oxide cladding layer. Such wafers can be used to bond to Si or Ge to manufacture advanced substrates.

Facile synthesis of diverse rotaxanes was successfully realized through a simple and efficient supramolecular transformation strategy. Starting from an organometallic [3]rotaxane with a platinum-acetylide moiety as the bridge moiety and transformation site, employing a simple phosphine ligand exchange and sequential reductive elimination reactions resulted in the successful preparation of various rotaxanes with diverse structures and properties.

The precise operation of molecular motion for constructing complicated mechanically interlocked molecules has received considerable attention and is still an energetic field of supramolecular chemistry. Herein, we reported the construction of two tris[2]pseudorotaxanes metallacycles with acid–base controllable molecular motion through self-sorting strategy and host–guest interaction. Firstly, two hexagonal Pt(II) metallacycles M1 and M2 decorated with different host–guest recognition sites have been constructed via coordination-driven self-assembly strategy. The binding of metallacycles M1 and M2 with dibenzo-24-crown-8 (DB24C8) to form tris[2]pseudorotaxanes complexes TPRM1 and TPRM2 have been investigated. Furthermore, by taking advantage of the strong binding affinity between the protonated metallacycle M2 and DB24C8, the addition of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as a stimulus successfully induces an acid-activated motion switching of DB24C8 between the discrete metallacycles M1 and M2. This research not only affords a highly efficient way to construct stimuli-responsive smart supramolecular systems but also offers prospects for precisely control multicomponent cooperative motion.

During the past few decades, fabrication of multistep fluorescence-resonance energy transfer (FRET) systems has become one of the most attractive topics within supramolecular chemistry, chemical biology, and materials science. However, it is challenging to efficiently prepare multistep FRET systems with precise control of the distances between locations and the numbers of fluorophores. Herein we present the successful fabrication of a two-step FRET system bearing specific numbers of anthracene, coumarin, and BODIPY moieties at precise distances and locations through an efficient and controllable orthogonal self-assembly approach based on metal-ligand coordination and host-guest interactions. Notably, the photosensitization efficiency and photooxidation activity of the two-step FRET system gradually increased with the number of energy transfer steps. For example, the two-step FRET system exhibited 1.5-fold higher 1O2 generation efficiency and 1.2-fold higher photooxidation activity than that of its corresponding one-step FRET system. This research not only provides the first successful example of the efficient preparation of multistep FRET systems through orthogonal self-assembly involving coordination and host-guest interactions but also pushes multistep FRET systems toward the application of photosensitized oxidation of a sulfur mustard simulant.

In this study, cellulose and basalt fiber were introduced simultaneously to stone mastic asphalt (SMA) to investigate the effects of hybrid modification on performance improvement of asphalt mixture. The study consists of three parts. The first part investigated material properties of cellulose and basalt fiber, including microscope electrical scanning. The second part conducted a series of tests to evaluate the effects of different combinations of cellulose and basalt fiber on performance. With a total addition of fiber 0.4% by the weight of mixture, five different cellulose-basalt fiber ratios, 0 : 4, 1 : 3, 2 : 2, 3 : 1, and 4 : 0, were introduced to the asphalt mixtures. A series of tests including draindown, permanent deformation, low temperature bending, beam fatigue, and moisture damage resistance were conducted. In the final part, a benefit-cost ratio was designed to help determine the optimum cellulose-basalt fiber combination in the economic aspect. Results show that material properties of the two fibers are very different, including thermostability, modulus, surface, and microstructure, especially oil absorption. In general, all samples with fibers outperformed the control group in all the performance tests. Specifically, cellulose fiber improved draindown, ductility, and fatigue more significantly, whilst basalt fiber has more influence on improving permanent deformation, deflection strength, and stress sensitivity. Equal portion of cellulose and basalt fiber has the best moisture damage resistance. The mechanisms of the two fibers are different, resulting in different performance improvements on asphalt mixtures. Overall, an appropriate combination of the two fibers would produce paving materials with more balanced performance in an economical way.

As a common phenomenon in biological systems, supramolecular transformations of biomacromolecules lead to specific biological functions as outputs, which thus inspire people to construct biomimetic dynamic systems through supramolecular transformation strategy. It should be noted that well-modulating the artificial macromolecules to fine-tune their properties is of great significance yet still remains a big challenge in polymer chemistry. In this study, through the combination of coordination-driven self-assembly and postassembly ring-opening polymerization, a six-armed star polymer linked by well-defined hexagonal metallacycle as core was successfully prepared. At the same time, the trans-platinum acetylide moieties as transformation sites were anchored onto the discrete metallacycle scaffold. Subsequently, the simple phosphine ligand-exchange reaction induced the conversions of platinum acetylide building blocks with the varied binding angles, which thus resulted in the successive hexagon-rhomboid-hexagon transformations of metallacyclic scaffold, therefore allowing for the corresponding supramolecular transformation of metallacycle-linked star polymers. More importantly, accompanied by such transformation process, property modulation of the resultant polymers has been successfully realized. In a word, by taking advantage of dynamic nature of metal-ligand coordination bonds and simple phosphine ligand-exchange reactions, facile architecture transformation of a star polymer to a linear polymer and back to a star polymer was successfully realized, which may provide a promising approach toward the construction of new dynamic polymeric materials.

With the shortage of energy and the environmental problems becoming more and more serious, it has become one of the most urgent problems to find a new type of high specific energy. FeS2 has become ...

The aim of the present study was to identify whether sepsis-induced vascular hyporeactivity is associated with microcirculation disturbance and multiple organ injuries. The current study assessed the impact of resveratrol (Res) treatment on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge mediated vascular hyporeactivity. Effects of Res treatment (30 mg/kg; i.m.) at 1 h following LPS stimulation (5 mg/kg; i.v.) on the survival time, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and maximal difference of MAP (ΔMAP) to norepinephrine (NE; 4.2 µg/kg) in mice were observed. The reactivity to gradient NE of isolated mesenteric arterioles and the association with the RhoA-RhoA kinase (ROCK)-myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) pathway were investigated by myography, and the signaling molecule protein levels were assessed using ELISA. Res treatment prolonged the survival time of mice subjected to LPS challenge, but did not prevent the LPS-induced hypotension and increase in ΔMAP. Res treatment and RhoA agonist U-46619 incubation prevented LPS-induced vascular hyporeactivity ex vivo, which were suppressed by incubation with ROCK inhibitor Y-27632. LPS-induced vascular hyporeactivity was not affected by the MLCP inhibitor okadaic acid incubation, but was further downregulated by the co-incubation of OA plus Y-27632. The inhibiting effect of Y-27632 on Res treatment was eradicated by incubation with U-46619. Furthermore, RhoA inhibitor C3 transferase did not significantly inhibit the enhancing role of Res treatment, which was further increased by U-46619 plus C3 transferase co-incubation. In addition, Res treatment eradicated the LPS-induced decreases in p-RhoA and p-Mypt1 levels and increases in MLCP levels. The results of the present study indicate that post-treatment of Res significantly ameliorates LPS-induced vascular hyporeactivity, which is associated with the activation of the RhoA-ROCK-MLCP pathway.

By using air as the superior oxidant, a highly atom-efficient synthesis of 2-substituted quinazolines is developed by a CsOH-mediated direct aerobic oxidative reaction of the readily available and stable 2-aminoarylmethanols and nitriles. Effectively working as the promoter in the alcohol oxidation, nitrile hydration, and cyclocondensation steps, CsOH is the best base for the reaction. A similar method can also be extended to the synthesis of substituted quinolines starting from methyl ketones instead of nitriles.

Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most prevalent types of upper gastrointestinal malignancies. Here, we used 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) to identify potential serum biomarkers in patients with early stage ESCC. Methods Sixty-five serum samples from early stage ESCC patients (n = 25) and healthy controls (n = 40) were analysed using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. We distinguished between different metabolites through principal component analysis, partial least squares-discriminant analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) using SIMCA-P+ version 14.0 software. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to verify potential biomarkers. Results Using OPLS-DA, 31 altered serum metabolites were successfully identified between the groups. Based on the area under the ROC curve (AUROC), and the biomarker panel with AUROC of 0.969, six serum metabolites (α-glucose, choline, glutamine, glutamate, valine, and dihydrothymine) were selected as potential biomarkers for early stage ESCC. Dihydrothymine particularly was selected as a new feasible biomarker associated with tumor occurrence. Conclusions 1H-NMR spectroscopy may be a useful tumour detection approach in identifying useful metabolic ESCC biomarkers for early diagnosis and in the exploration of the molecular pathogenesis of ESCC.

A new discrete hexagonal metallacycle M containing tris-[2]pseudorotaxane moiety has been successfully designed and synthesized via coordination-driven self-assembly. The newly designed tris-[2]pseudorotaxane metallacycle was well characterized with nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectra analysis. Such tris-[2]pseudorotaxane metallacycle M and pillar[5]arene dimer (PD) could further form a new family of cross-linked redox-responsive supramolecular polymer M⊃(PD)3 through a host–guest interaction. Interestingly, the polymer M⊃(PD)3 displayed redox-responsive behavior and showed tuned weight-average diffusion coefficients D upon redox stimuli, which is attributed to the changed coordination geometries of [Cu(phen)2]+ and [Cu(phen)2]2+ in such system.

Summary Blueberry anthocyanins are the major active ingredients of blueberry with a variety of biological activities. The scale extraction and separation of blueberry anthocyanins could contribute to their application in drugs, cosmetics, food additives and so on. In this study, using combined technologies to high-efficient extraction and separation of blueberry anthocyanins was developed. Under the optimum extraction conditions of first 0.3% cellulose and pectinase with 2:1 (m/m) at 37 °C for 4 h and then 1% citric acid-acidified 75% (v/v) ethanol at 37 °C for 6 h, as high as 25% extraction rate of blueberry anthocyanins was obtained. By ethyl acetate extraction in triplicate and then D101 resin column chromatography, up to 49.6% purity of blueberry anthocyanins was obtained based on UV–vis analysis. The scale-up extraction and separation of blueberry anthocyanins were carried out. This method was simple but effective, and easy scalable at industrial purpose.

An efficient alkali hydroxide-mediated SNAr reaction of heteroaryl halides has been developed for the practical synthesis of the useful unsymmetrical heteroaryl thioethers and chalcogenides. The usually odorless, easily available, lowly toxic, and easily stored and handled diorganyl dichalcogenides can be used as safer and convenient chalcogen nucleophile precursors and diverse unsymmetrical heteroaryl chalcogenides can be obtained in good to high yields by the method.

Recently, water has been employed as a supportive agent for the preparation of multiple suppressing agents including aqueous film forming foams (AFFF), which is combined with different kinds of gases for its various applications. In this study, the water mist is chosen for the gas-suppressing agent such as carbon dioxide. Our work investigated the suppression effects of water droplets on the n-heptane pool fire, and its mixture with carbon dioxide, respectively. The size and frequency of droplets with their effect on temperature and suppression was compared to observe the difference in the suppression. Initially, it was found that the droplets having a larger droplet size were found to be more efficient as compared to the smaller droplets with respect to the heat release rate, temperature, and radiation. Afterwards, a mixture of water droplets and carbon dioxide was simultaneously discharged to compare the difference between these two suppressing agents. It was found that the synergistic effect of the mixture has higher advantages over the use of only water suppression. It helps reduce the hot gases that surround the pool fire and allows the water mist to travel efficiently towards the fuel. Both suppression mechanisms were set to similar initial parameters that lead to different outcomes.

Although the preparation of artificial light-harvesting systems (ALHs) has attracted increasing attention, dynamic regulation of antenna effect in ALHs has been still a major challenge. Herein, we constructed a family of new rotaxane dendrimers containing up to fifty-six anthracene moieties (energy donor) on the wheels of the rotaxane units and one zinc(II) porphyrin moiety (energy acceptor) at the central core. Notably, the resultant rotaxane dendrimers incorporates a large number of rotaxane subunits on the dendritic skeleton in a monodisperse manner, which thus allowed for the high energy transfer efficiencies and antenna effects. More importantly, with the addition and removal of acetate anions, the directional and reversible motion of rotaxane unit on each axis was realized, thus leading to dynamic regulation of antenna effect in resultant rotaxane dendrimers.

The instability of blueberry anthocyanins was a big obstacle for its usage. In order to improve the stability of anthocyanins, molecular modification was used. In this paper, the molecular modification of blueberry anthocyanins was acylated by using aliphatic carbonyl acids. The effects of the acylated agents with different length of carbon chain and different number of carbonyl group on stability of blueberry anthocyanins were investigated. The UV-Vis absorption spectrum showed that the blueberry anthocyanins had been acylated. The stabilities (light and heat) were significantly increased being compared with unacylated anthocyanins. Results showed that the acylation method could increase the stability of original anthocyanin extracts.

Coordination-driven self-assembly has emerged as a powerful bottom-up approach to construct various supramolecular architectures with increasing complexity and functionality. Tetraphenylethylene (TPE) has been incorporated into metallo-supramolecules to build luminescent materials based on aggregation-induced emission. We herein report three generations of ligands with full conjugation of TPE with 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (TPY) to construct emissive materials. Due to the bulky size of TPY substituents, the intramolecular rotations of ligands are partially restricted even in dilute solution, thus leading to emission in both solution and aggregation states. Furthermore, TPE-TPY ligands are assembled with Cd(II) to introduce additional restriction of intramolecular rotation and immobilize fluorophores into rosette-like metallo-supramolecules ranging from generation 1–3 (G1−G3). More importantly, the fluorescent behavior of TPE-TPY ligands is preserved in these rosettes, which display tunable emissive properties with respect to different generations, particularly, pure white-light emission for G2., Metal coordination of multitopic ligands is a powerful approach to building complex, functional architectures. Here, the authors construct three generations of fluorescent supramolecular rosettes by coordination of aggregation-induced emissive ligands, including a 2nd-generation macrocycle that emits pure white light.

Four mesoporous SBA-15-immobilized N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) palladium catalysts with different nitrogen ligands were synthesized. The activity and recyclability of the catalysts were investigated in Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of typical aryl chlorides and arylboronic acids. Bulky NHC moiety was essential for efficiency, while tethering of nitrogen ligands on both support and NHC group could dramatically improve recyclability of the catalysts. The strategy offers an alternative strategy for designing highly efficient and recyclable immobilized catalysts. Mesoporous silica-immobilized palladium catalysts with the bulky N-heterocyclic carbene and tethered “throw-away”nitrogen ligands were found to be highly efficient and recyclable for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction of inactive aryl chlorides.

An imino-N-heterocyclic carbene palladium(II) complex with a bulky substituted group on the imino nitrogen was used to catalyze the direct arylation of electron-deficient fluoroarenes with aryl halides. A series of electron-poor substrates and aryl bromides could be coupled in good to excellent yields with satisfactory position selectivity (20 examples, up to 93%). These arylations could proceed at a relatively low temperature (80 °C, 20 examples, up to 95%) with mono-N-protected amino acid assistance. Some of them even gained higher yields than those at high temperature (110 °C). Otherwise, some aryl iodides can forge cross-coupling products in yields of nearly 30% under the optimized conditions. The rate profiles for arylation of electron-poor arenes were measured in the presence of the imino-N-heterocyclic carbene palladium(II) complex or Pd(OAc)2 as the catalyst, which showed that the former could keep catalytic activity for a longer time. Computational studies indicated that the imino nitrogen in the...

The speciations of lead, zinc, arsenic from the skarn type scheelite flotation tailings of a Hubei Mining Co., Ltd were analysized on the ICP-AES spectroscopy, while the samples were prepared with the BCR three step extraction method proposed by the Standard Bureau of European Union and the improved BCR sequential extraction method proposed by Rauret.The results showed that: (1) The contents of arsenic, lead and zinc existing in Stable residual state, are 66.23%、41.44% and 36.34%, respectively, and the harmful elements in the tailings are basically stable under the normal environment conditions; (2)Lead in the exchangeable speciation with better activity occupies 24.61%,and the exchangeable speciation would be released out through the purification treatment of mineral processing wastewater and the placement clarification of the tailings to improve the rate of the residue state and to ensure the safety of comprehensive utilization of tailings; (3)Zinc in the oxidizable extraction fraction amounts to 40.30%, and the comprehensive utilization of tailings should prevent the release of zinc under the strong oxidizing conditions.

New 4-acetylbenzyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (1–4) have been used to synthesize iridium complexes 6–9 and ruthenium complex 10. All complexes were characterized by FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and in the case of 6, by X-ray diffraction studies. The catalytic performance of these iridium and ruthenium complexes for transfer hydrogenation of ketones and imines and N-alkylation of amines with primary alcohols were tested in a range of substrates, and showed high catalytic activity with 1 mol% catalytic loading. The neutral complex 8 with two acetyl groups also showed good catalytic efficiency under lower catalyst loading (0.01 mol%), with the maximum TON of 8000, while on the other hand, the cationic complex 9 with PF6− as counteranion showed good to excellent catalytic activity toward the N-alkylation of amines in a wide scope of substrates. We also found out that the Ir complex 6′ was formed through the intramolecular C H activition of 6 under the transfer hydrogenation conditions.

This study aims to analyse the influence of the pollution of hydrogen chloride which is the side effect of the leakage accident of a 50m3 phosphorus trichloride tank. When the leakage source intensity is 1.06kg/s with the leakage time of 30 minutes, and the distance is about 2700m away from the highest allowable concentration (0.05mg/m3) in air of residential areas, which goes beyond about the distance of 700m over the "Comprehensive emission standard of air pollutants" (GB16297-1996) table 2 (100mg/m3, new sources of pollution emission limits), however, the mean value of hydrogen chloride concentration beyond 400m is less than the that of IDLH (immediately dangerous to life or health concentration), and no half lethal concentration (LC50) appears. The scope and extent of pollution can be significantly reduced by timely using fire water to eliminate smoke to change hydrogen chloride into hydrochloric acid fog and make them drop in a lower position.

Introduction The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and toxicity of dicycloplatin plus paclitaxel with those of carboplatin plus paclitaxel as first-line treatment for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Material and methods In this study, 240 NSCLC patients with stage IIIB (with pleural effusion) and stage IV disease were randomly assigned (1: 1) to receive dicycloplatin 450 mg/m(2) or carboplatin AUC = 5, in combination with paclitaxel 175 mg/m(2) (D + P or C + P) every 3 weeks for up to 4 to 6 cycles. The primary endpoint was response rate. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and adverse events. Results The response rates for the D + P and C + P arm were 36.44% and 30.51%, respectively (p = 0.33). The median PFS was 5.6 months in the D + P arm and 4.7 months in the C + P arm (p = 0.31). The median OS was 14.9 months for D + P and 12.9 months for C + P (p = 0.37). Adverse events in the two arms were well balanced. The most common grade 3/4 adverse event was hematologic toxicity. Conclusions Patients treated with D + P had similar response and survival rates to those treated with C + P, and toxicities of both treatments were generally tolerable.

A low specific on-resistance ( \(R_{{{\rm \mathrm{{\scriptstyle ON}},sp}}}\) ) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) p-channel LDMOS (pLDMOS) with an enhanced reduced surface field (RESURF) effect and self-shielding effect of the back-gate (BG) bias is proposed and investigated. It features an oxide trench and the p-drift region surrounding the trench, which is built on the n-SOI layer. In the OFF-state, first, the extended trench gate also acts as a gate field plate; second, the p-drift and the n-SOI layer forms a folded RESURF structure. Both increase the doping dose of the p-drift and modulate electric field (E-field) distribution; third, the oxide trench not only reduces the device pitch but also enhances the E-field strength. All of them result in a low \(R_{\rm {\scriptstyle {ON,SP}}}\) and a high breakdown voltage (BV) with a reduced device pitch. The free charges induced on the SOI/buried oxide (BOX) interface not only enhance the E-field strength in the BOX but also effectively shield the influence of BG bias effect in a wide range. The proposed pLDMOS achieves state-of-the-art improvement in the tradeoff between BV and \(R_{\rm {\scriptstyle {ON,SP}}}\) . Compared with the p-top SOI pLDMOS, the proposed device reduces the \(R_{\rm {\scriptstyle {ON,SP}}}\) by 79% at the same BV. A strong immunity to the BG bias effect is demonstrated and analyzed in detail.

By analyzing the feasibility of comprehensive utilization method of yellow phosphorus tail gas after desulfurized, the author of this article found only the method of heat energy utilization is technically more mature, practical and feasible. Taking a chemical plant in some Chemical co., LTD in Hubei for example, this article demonstrates that the complete and comprehensive utilization of yellow phosphorus tail gas could be achieved once various technical measures are planned as a whole and their configuration are optimized. The technical measures include replacing coal-fired boiler, using as polymerization heat source in fine phosphate production, stoving the materials of yellow phosphorus and burning chemical products and so on. Finally, this article put forward principles and requirements of the optimal configuration based on heat energy utilization of yellow phosphorus tail gas in fine phosphorous chemical enterprises.

Based on the condition test and comparative analysis of mixing bottom pot water and bottom cellar water from a sauce sweet model liquor enterprise and a fen-flavor liquor enterprise, this study discuss the difference of recycling methane from anaerobic fermentation in two types of distilled spirit wastewater. The results of the tests show mixing the bottom pot water and bottom cellar water of the two kinds of Chinese spirits under the optimal proportion and conducting the anaerobic experiment under optimum conditions, the COD concentrations in effluent of both mixed distilled spirit wastewater are approximately the same. And the rates of degradation in two types of wastewater are almost the same. At the same time, the gas production of sauce sweet model liquor wastewater is a little higher than that of fen-flavor wastewater. The best removal rates of COD are 90.22% and 88.99% respectively for the two types of wastewaters.

A mesoporous silica (SBA-15)-supported pyrimidine-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene iridium complex was prepared and used as a catalyst for both environmentally friendly N-alkylation of amines and β-alkylation of secondary alcohols with primary alcohols. The structure of the supported iridium catalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), 13C and 29Si solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), iridium K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopic analyses which demonstrated that the coordination environment of the iridium centre and the 3-dimensional-hexagonal pore structure of SBA-15 were retained after the immobilization. The catalyst was found to be highly efficient for both kinds of reaction on a wide range of substrates under mild conditions. Moreover, the supported iridium catalyst was obviously superior to the unsupported one in the N-alkylation of aniline and β-alkylation of 1-phenylethanol with benzyl alcohol as substrate, which indicated that not only the iridium complex moiety but also the support material contributed to the catalytic activity of the supported iridium catalyst in these reactions. The supported iridium catalyst can be easily recycled by simple washing without chemical treatment, and exhibited excellent recycling performance without notable decrease in catalytic efficiency even after twelve test cycles for N-alkylation of aniline with benzyl alcohol, nine cycles for N-alkylation of different amines with different alcohols, and eight cycles for β-alkylation of 1-phenylethanol with benzyl alcohol, respectively.

Translational relevance: Di- cycloplatin (DCP) is a novel super molecule composed of carboplatin (CBP) and 1,1-cy- clobutane dicarboxylate (CBDCA) joined by a strong hydrogen bond. The solubility and stability of platinum complexes have a direct bearing on their activity, toxicity and pharmacokinetics. Preclinical studies have shown that DCP overcomes the problem of CBP instability in aqueous solution and maintains anticancer effects. Clinical evalu- ation in a Phase I dose-escalation study in patients with tumors showed that DCP was tolerated at doses ranging from 100 to 550 mg/m 2 and had potential efficacy in Chi- nese cancer patients. DCP showed favour- able bioavailability and stability in vivo, and the recommended Phase II dosage for DCP-containing chemotherapy is 450 mg/ m 2 . DCP is currently being investigated as a monotherapy in several cancer types, such as prostatic carcinoma, and in combination with paclitaxel in a Phase II non-lung can- cer study. Purpose: Dicycloplatin (DCP) is a novel supramolecule composed of carbopla- tin (CBP) and 1,1-cyclobutane dicarboxyl- ate (CBDCA) joined by a strong hydrogen bond. DCP is stable in aqueous solution un- like CBP alone. The purpose of this study was to assess the maximally tolerated dose, safety, and pharmacokinetics of DCP in Chi- nese cancer patients. Experimental Design: 29 patients were included in this study. DCP was administered by intravenous infusion over 1 hour once every 21 days. The dose of DCP was escalated from 50 mg/m 2 to 650 mg/m 2 using a modified Fibonacci scheme. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed in 26 patients to determine the total and ultra- filtered platinum concentrations in plasma. Results: 29 and 20 patients were evaluated for toxicities and response, respectively. The primary adverse effects were nausea/vomit- ing (58.6%), thrombocytopenia (24.1%), neutropenia (17.2%), anemia (20.7%), fa- tigue (10.3%), anorexia (10.3%), liver en- zyme elevation (10.3%) and alopecia (3.5%). There was no significant toxicity with doses up to 350 mg/m 2 . At higher doses, a variety of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were ob- served, including Grade 3/4 anemia, Grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia, and Grade 3/4 emesis under antiemetic treatment. The maximum tolerated dose of DCP was 550 mg/m 2 . Two partial responses occurred in patients with non-cell lung cancer who had received cis- platin- or carboplatin-based chemotherapy. Plasma decay of total and free platinum con- centrations was best fitted by using a two- compartment analysis. The terminal plasma half-life of total platinum after DCP admin- istration ranged from 41.86 to 77.20 hours without significant dose dependency. How- ever, the terminal plasma half-life of free platinum concentrations ranged from 42.34 to 61.07 hours. Conclusions: DCP displayed a favorable safety profile at doses between 50 mg/m 2 and 550 mg/m 2 , and first efficacy signals were observed. DLTs were thrombo- cytopenia, anemia and emesis. The recom- mended starting dose for a subsequent Phase II study is 450 mg/m 2 once every 3 weeks.

An efficient alkali hydroxide-mediated SNAr reaction of heteroaryl halides has been developed for the practical synthesis of the useful unsymmetrical heteroaryl thioethers and chalcogenides. The usually odorless, easily available, lowly toxic, and easily stored and handled diorganyl dichalcogenides can be used as safer and convenient chalcogen nucleophile precursors and diverse unsymmetrical heteroaryl chalcogenides can be obtained in good to high yields by the method.

Anthocyanin is a kind of water-soluble flavonoids, which make the plants showing red, blue, purple, red purple or other colors. Expression of the metabolic regulation gene causes the accumulation of anthocyanins in plant cells, and makes the plant organs change color, easy to observe. In this paper, using Bi and Cl gene which involved in anthocyanin synthesis pathway as a visual reporter, and glyphosate resistant gene epsp ,encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3 phosphate synthase,as a selection marker, plant expression vector pBAC9009 was constructed. Immature embryos and embryogenic callus of several excellent maize inbred lines were transformed with biolistic bombardment. Undertaking in vitro culture steps of callus induction, glyphosate resistance selection, differentiation and plant regeneration, 75 transgenic plants were regenerated, and 43 ears of corn were harvested. There are 18 T0 lines expressed parts or whole purple on the seedling or the growth stage, 8 ears of these lines with scattered purple seeds. Analysis of PCR, RT-PCR and anthocyanin content showed that exogenous genes were well integrated in the genome of maize and efficiently expressed in the purple leaves and seeds. In conclusion, we successfully constructed a visual tracking system for transgene which make the transformed plants can be easily distinguished from their appearance, only by its color appearance at the early stage. Application of the system can greatly improve efficiency of transgene, and save costs. It is very important for plant transgenic research.

skarn-type scheelite; mineral processing system; tailings; lead; arsenic; distribution regularity

The blends of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) with maleated styrene-butylene-co-ethylene-styrene copolymer (SEBS-g-MA) were prepared by melt blending. Their morphologies and crystallization behavior were investigated. Morphology observation shows the well-dispersed phase of SEBS-g-MA in PTT matrix and the partical size of SEBS-g-MA increased as the content of SEBS-g-MA increasing. Differential scanning colorimetry(DSC) experiments showed that the melting point of pure PTT and their blends was almost constant. Addition of 5-30wt% SEBS-g-MA in blends increased crystallization points of PTT phase and the crystallinity of the blends were higher than that of PTT.

To explore and develop scaffold for bone regeneration or tissue engineering with the capacity of controlled drug delivery, the feasibility of hydroxyapatite/polyurethane (HA/PU) scaffold containing drug-loaded microspheres for controlled drug delivery system was demonstrated. Ciprofloxacin hydrochlorid as a model drug was encapsulated in ethyl cellulose (EC) microspheres, which were subsequently incorporated into HA/PU composite scaffold to generate an antibiotic drug delivery system. The results show that EC microspheres are uniformly distributed in the HA/PU scaffold matrix and display no significant effect on the pore structure of the scaffold. Compared with incorporating ciprofloxacin hydrochlorid into scaffolds directly, embedding microspheres into scaffolds significantly reduces the initial burst drug release and extends the release time of drug delivery. In vitro drug delivery tests and antibacterial activity tests prove that drug-loaded microsphere/scaffold system has good drug delivery properties and effective antibacterial properties. These results suggest that the novel drug-loaded microsphere/ scaffold composites developed in this study is a good candidate scaffold with the function of bone repair and infection treatment for bone tissue engineering.

After desulfurated by electric furnace process, yellow phosphorus tail gas could be used to generate electricity or produce C1 chemical products. Through comparing the restraining factors and feasibility of the above two comprehensive utilization methods, the generation of using yellow phosphorus tail gas is considered as a more advantageous and developing comprehensive utilization way. Moreover this paper recommends a cascade recycling technology which focuses on the generation and recycling heat energy. Based on the above, the downstream products structures of yellow phosphorus can be divided into three kinds, Class A, B and C. Through comparative analysis, Class A is thought to be the best structure that could make the complete recycling of tail gas come true and recycle the waste heat to gain vapor which replaces coal-fired boiler.

A salicylaldiminato imidazolium salt that bears both a Schiff base and imidazolium salt moiety was used to synthesize heterometallic compounds that could serve as multifunctional catalysts in certain reactions. The successful preparation of seven mononuclear compounds with a variety of transition metals (Pd, Ir, Ru, Zn, Ni) illustrated the high versatility of this class of ligands, which is crucial for the design of catalysts. Synthesis of homodinuclear compounds and heterotrinuclear compounds provided practical methods to connect multiple metal fragments through these ligands. The heterotrinuclear complex (Ni/Ir) was employed as a catalyst in the reaction of dehalogenation/transfer hydrogenation of halo-acetophenones. The preliminary catalytic study showed that this heterometallic species is more active than a combination of the corresponding monometallic species.

Seven tripodal imidazolium salts were synthesized and used as catalyst precursors in cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides with arylboronic acids. Effect of counterions and central cores of seven tripodal imidazolium salts was investigated. The tripodal imidazolium salt anchored to benzene with anion PF 6 − was found most effective with Pd(OAc) 2 for the cross-coupling of aryl bromides with arylboronic acids.

The optimal duration of treatment and expected response rate for hepatitis C virus genotype (HCV-6)-infected patients have not been determined. Our aims were to determine the treatment outcome with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) plus ribavirin for HCV-6a-infected patients at Southwest Hospital and assess the association of the on-treatment virological response with the sustained virological response (SVR). Medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Twenty-two HCV-6a-infected patients were treated for 24 weeks, and 21 (95.5%) achieved an early virological response (EVR), 20 (90.9%) an end-of-treatment response (ETR) and 18 (81.8%) a SVR. However, only 18 of the 22 HCV-6a-infected patients were tested for serum HCV RNA level at week 4 of treatment and 15 (83.3%) achieved a rapid virological response (RVR). The rates of SVR, RVR, EVR and ETR in these patients were all similar to those in HCV-2/3 treated for 24 weeks and higher than those in HCV-1b-infected patients treated for 48 weeks. A lower relapse rate (10.0%) was seen in HCV-6a compared with HCV-2/3 (12.5%) or HCV-1b-infected patients (23.3%). The positive predictive values of RVR and EVR for HCV-6a were comparable with those for HCV-2/3-infected patients (86.7%vs 90.9%, P = 0.683 and 85.7%vs 86.8%, P = 0.904, respectively). Of the 3 HCV-6a-infected patients who did not achieve a RVR, 2 achieved an EVR and went on to achieve a SVR. The patient who did not achieve an EVR did not achieve a SVR. In summary, our results indicate that 24 weeks of PEG-IFN plus ribavirin can effectively treat patients with HCV-6a chronic infection.

Nine novel heteronuclear complexes of Ln(III)-Cu(II) with salicylidene tetraethylene glycol diamine (SALTTA) have been synthesized and characterized. They have the general formulae [LnCu(2)(SALTTA)(2)(NO3)(3)](NO3)(4).3H2O (Ln=La, Pr, Nd, Sm) and [LnCu(3)(SALTTA)(3)(NO3)(5)]- (NO3)(4).4H(2)O (Ln=Gd, Tb, Er, Yb, Y). The III spectra show that v(C=N) in the Ln(III)-Cn(II) heteronuclear complexes are splitted up into two peaks with a far distance. It has been confirmed that oxygen atoms in oxyethylene of the ligand are not all coordinated to the central metal ions by both IR and NMR methods.

Poly[ethyl trifluorobuty-2-noate] (PETFB) was prepared from ethyltrifluorobuty-2-noate by anionic polymerization. The polymer was examined by UV-Vis, IR and NMR spectrometries. It possessed π-conjugated backbone in the main chain. No significant variation in the electrical conductivity of BF3-doped PETFB was observed after more than three months' storage, indicating improved conductive stability in air as compared with polyacetylene.

A series of poly(fluoroalkoxy thiophenes) have been prepared by electrochemical and chemical polymerization respectively. The substitution of thiophene by poryfluorinated alkoxy chains affords more favorable structures in electronic effect and higher stabilities of their polymers than conventional alkoxy chain substituted polymers.

A simple and versatile method has been invented to fabricate conducting polymer hydrogels via supramolecular self-assembly between polymers and multivalent cations. As-prepared hydrogels composed of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS) exhibit expanded-coil conformation in polymer chains, phase-separate at nanometer scale, possess controllable microstructure, and is responsive to external stimulus. The conducting PEDOT-PSS hydrogels have then been introduced into multiple-network hydrogels to obtain composite hydrogels combining enhanced mechanical strength and excellent electrical activity. Triple-network (TN) and special double-network (sDN) hydrogels, containing poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) as the matrix respectively, are successfully prepared. Finally, PEDOT-PSS hydrogels with self-strengthening function are directly fabricated via a one-step process under optimized conditions. The strengthening mechanisms for each kind of hydrogels are proposed, and the applicability in electrosensors, supercapacitors and electromechanical actuators are briefly demonstrated.

Three neutral trinuclear palladium(II) complexes [Ph 3 PPdCl(μ-4-PyS)] 3 (1), [Cy 3 PPdCl(μ-4-PyS)] 3 (2) and [(PhO) 3 PPdCl(μ-4-PyS)] 3 (3) (4-PyS = pyridine-4-thiolate) were self-assembled from corresponding metal fragments [R 3 PPdCl 2 ] 2 with lithium pyridine-4-thiolate (PySLi). The crystal structure reveals that complex 1 possesses a triangular macrocyclic structure in which the distances of Pd(1)··· Pd(2), Pd(2)···Pd(3) and Pd(3)···Pd(1) are 7.764, 7.684 and 7.944 A, respectively. An equilibrium between trinuclear complex 1 and mononuclear complex (Ph 3 P) 2 PdCl(4-PyS) (4) in solution through coordination and de-coordination of the PPh 3 ligand is confirmed by 31 P NMR spectroscopy. A comparative study on the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction showed that complexes 1 and 2 are more active precatalysts than [R 3 PPdCl 2 ] 2 complexes without a PyS group.

The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of co-suppressing tomato ACC oxidase Ⅰ on the expression of fruit ripening-related and pathogenesis-related protein genes, and on the biosynthesis of endogenous ethylene and storage ability of fruits. Specific fragments of several fruit ripening-related and pathogenesis-related protein genes from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) were cloned, such as the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase 1 gene (LeACO1), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase 3 gene (LeACO3), EIN3-binding F-box 1 gene (LeEBF1), pathogenesis-related protein 1 gene (LePR1), pathogenesis-related protein 5 gene (LePR5), and pathogenesis-related protein osmotin precursor gene (LeNP24) by PCR or RT-PCR. Then these specific DNA fragments were used as probes to hybridize with the total RNAs extracted from the wild type tomato Ailsa Craig (AC++) and the LeACO1 co-suppression tomatoes (V1187 and T4B), respectively. At the same time, ethylene production measurement and storage experiment of tomato fruits were carried out. The hybridization results indicated that the expression of fruit ripening-related genes such as LeACO3 and LeEBF1, and pathogenesis-related protein genes such as LePR1, LePR5, and LeNP24, were reduced sharply, and the ethylene production in the fruits, wounded leaves decreased and the storage time of ripening fruits was prolonged, when the expression of LeACO1 gene in the transgenic tomato was suppressed. In the co-suppression tomatoes, the expression of fruit ripening-related and pathogenesis-related protein genes were restrained at different degrees, the biosynthesis of endogenous ethylene decreased and the storage ability of tomato fruits increased.