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The aim of the work ‒ determination of the qualitative composition and quantitative content of the individual components of tannins in the herb and tubers of the yellow nutgrass (chufa) ( Cyperus esculentus L.) by the method of HPLC. Materials and Methods . Herb and tubers of the yellow nutgrass were objects for the research. The raw material was harvested at the experimental sites of the New Cultures Department of M.M. Hryshko National Botanic Garden of the NAS of Ukraine in Kyiv in 2018. The qualitative composition and quantitative content of the components of tannins were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results . 7 components of tannins were found out in the herb and tubers of the yellow nutgrass by the HPLC method. Among the individual components of tannins in the herb and tubers of the yellow nutgrass, gallocatechin and epigallocatechin predominate. In the herb of the yellow nutgrass, the lowest content of ellagic acid was set, which was 0.05 %. In the tubers of the yellow nutgrass, among the individual components of tannins, a small amount of gallic, ellagic, acids and catechin was established, their content was 0.1 %. Conclusions. HPLC at first was investigated the qualitative composition and quantitative content of the individual components of tannins in the herb and tubers of the yellow nutgrass. It was established that the studied raw materials contain free gallic and ellagic acids, components of condensed tannins: catechin, gallocatechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate. Among the individual components of tannins, gallocatechin and epigallocatechin prevailed, the content of which in the herb was 2.19 % and 1.06 %, in tubers – 0.38 % and 0.10 %, respectively. Gallocatechin and epigallocatechin can be recommended to standardize the raw materials of the yellow nutgrass. The results obtained indicate the prospect of further studies of biologically active substances of herb and tubers of the yellow nutgrass

Pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus is an extremely important problem of medicine and pharmacy due to its deficient safety and imperfection in maintaining optimal glycemia, frequent changes of which lead to the development of diabetes angiopathies. Therefore, the optimization of existing treatments with herbal collections is appropriate because of their low toxicity and the complex effect of the number of biologically active substances on the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. The aim of the research was to determine the qualitative composition and quantitative content of flavonoids in the herbal antidiabetic collections № 3 and № 4. Materials and methods. The objects of the study were the herbal antidiabetic collection № 3, which consists of folium Urticae, radix Cichorii, fructus Rosae majalis, rhizoma Erytrigiae repens, radix Taraxaci officinale , and the herbal antidiabetic collection № 4, which consists of radix Arctii lappa, rhizoma Erytrigiae repens, styli cum stigmatis Zeae maydis, flores Helichrysi arenarium, fructus Rosae majalis . The qualitative composition and quantitative content of flavonoids were determined by the method of high-performance chromatography using liquid chromatograph Agilent Technologies 1200. Results. It was identified 6 flavonoid and it was established their quantitative content, among which the rutin (0.36 %), neohesperidin (0.31 %), luteolin (0.17 %), quercetin (0.05 %), isoquercetrin 0.04 % and naringenin 0.04 % in the herbal antidiabetic collection № 3. It was identified 4 flavonoid and it was established their quantitative content, among which luteolin (0.42 %), rutin (0.29 %), quercetin (0.63 %) and isoquercetrin (0.63 %) in the herbal antidiabetic collection № 4. Conclusions . For the first time, it was determined the qualitative composition and quantitative content of the main flavonoids in the herbal antidiabetic collections № 3 and № 4 by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography. The results of the study showed that the herbal antidiabetic collection № 3 contains 6 flavonoids with a predominance of rutin and neohesperidin, and the herbal antidiabetic collection № 4 – 4 flavonoids, among which luteolin, rutin, and quercetin predominate. This gives reason to conclude about the antidiabetic activity by the pathogenetic mechanism of influence, which indicates that the feasibility of further study of these collections as promising herbal remedies for the treatment and prevention of diabetes mellitus.

Introduction.saxifragepimpinella (Pimpinella saxifraga L.) from the family of celery (Apiaceae) has long been used in folk medicine as expectorant, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, sedative, and pain medication. It is recommended for catarrhal airways, tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, laryngitis, asthma, pertussis, edema, salt diathesis, liver disease, intestinal atony, chronic gastritis with low acidity, gout, swelling and flatulence. With therapeutic purposes, mainly, rhizomes and plant roots are used. There are about 200 species of the genus pimpinella(Pimpinella L.), common in Asia, Europe and Africa, there are 5 species in Ukraine; the most common is saxifrage pimpinella. The aim of the study– to establish the presence and determine the quantitative content of hydroxycinnamic acids in the herb and subterraneous organs of the saxifrage pimpinella. Research Methods. To detect hydroxycinnamic acidswe used alcohol-water extractor. The reaction with 1 % solution of ferrum (III) chloride (the appearance of green and gray color) indicated the presence of compounds of phenolic nature in the investigated extraction. The quantitative determination of hydroxycinnamic acids in the investigated objectsisbasedonthespectrophotometricmethod. Qualitative composition and quantitative content of individual hydroxycinnamic acids in the herb and subterraneous organs of saxifrage pimpinella were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on Agilent 1200 3 D LC System Technologies chromatograph (USA). Results and Discussion. The quantitative content of the sum of hydroxycinnamic acids in the herb of the saxifrage pimpinella was (4.68±0.05)%, in the subterraneous organs – (1.52±0.03)%. The HPLC method in the investigated objects of the saxifrage pimpinella we revealed, identified and established the quantitative content of acids of chlorogenic and rosemary. Chlorogenic acid, the content of which was 3.13% and 0.11% respectively, is mainly the dominant inherb and subterraneous organs of the saxifrage pimpinella. Saxifrage pimpinella herb contains 0.34% of rosemary acid. Conclusions. The presence and determination of the quantitative content of hydroxycinnamic acids in grass and subterraneous organs of the saxifrage pimpinella which was (4.68±0.05)% and (1.52±0.03) %, respectively, was established. The method of HPLC analysis in the investigated raw material of the saxifrage pimpinella established individual hydroxycinnamic acids – chlorogenic and rosemary, and their quantitative content is determined. The dominant in the herb and subterraneous organs of the saxifrage pimpinella is chlorogenic acid, which content was 3.13% and 0.34%, respectively, therefore it can be recommended for the standardization of raw materials.

The herbal mixtures due to the wide range of biologically active substances can influence on various links of the pathogenetic mechanism of development of diabetes mellitus and its complications. The carbohydrates, especially inulin, deserve the particular attention through their hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anticholesterolemic and detoxifying activities. The aim of the study was to investigate the content of inulin in the herbal mixtures No. 3, No. 4, No. 7, No. 13 and No. 19, which are used in folk medicine for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 in Ukraine. The quantity content of inulin was defined by the difference between fructose as a product of enzymatic hydrolysis and fructose, a constituent of sucrose and free fructose, taking into account the empirical factor for the conversion of fructose from inulin. The carbohydrates were separated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after conversion into volatile derivatives as aldononitrile acetate. According to the results, the herbal mixture No. 3 contains 458.97 mg/g of inulin, the herbal mixture No. 4 – 99.21 mg/g, the herbal mixture No. 7 – 139.93 mg/g, the herbal mixture No. 13 – 203.84 mg/g, the herbal mixture No. 19 – 359.65 mg/g. The availability of inulin and its high content in the investigated herbal mixtures due to the presence of inulin-containing medicinal plants, such as Cichorium intubus roots (mixtures No. 3 and No. 13), Taraxacum officinale roots (mixtures No. 3, No. 7 and No. 19), Arctium lappa roots (mixture No. 4), Inula helenium rhizome with roots (mixture No. 7).

Topicality . Since ancient times the species of Primrose (Primula L.) are used in traditional medicine. There are about 500 species, which are distributed around the globe. In the CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) countries grows 67 species. The most common is cowslip (Primula veris L.; Primula officinalis Hill.). The decoction of cowslip rhizomes with roots is used in traditional and scientific medicine as an expectorant; the infusion of leaves is used as analgesic and diuretic. In the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market there are no domestic drugs from raw cowslip. Aim. To determine the optimal conditions for obtaining extracts from the cowslip leaves and rhizomes with roots to develop new domestic drugs with anti-inflammatory and expectorant activity. Materials and methods . The object of the research was the cowslip leaves, which were harvested in Ternopil region in 2015 during the mass plants’ flowering, and rhizomes with roots, which were harvested after the death of aerial parts of the plants. Raw material was crushed to the particles of 3-5 mm size. For extraction of biologically active substances from the cowslip leaves, the following solvents were investigated: 20 %, 40 %, 70 % ethanol and hot purified water (80 °C). The ratio of raw material : extractant was 1 : 10. Infused during the day at room temperature, with constant stirring; filtered and condensed on a rotary vacuum evaporator to a thick state at a temperature of 60-70 °C. To select the extractant to obtain substances from the cowslip rhizomes with roots we took 20 %, 30 %, 40 % ethanol. Additionally we received the extract with 20 % ethanol extraction, having moistened the raw material with 95 % ethanol. The ratio of raw material : extractant was 1 : 8. Infused during seven days with compulsory supply of extractant, stirring; filtered and condensed on a rotary vacuum evaporator. Quantitative determination of flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, phenolic compounds and saponins was conducted with spectrophotometric method. The dry residue was determined by gravimetric method as required by State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine (SPU), oxidative phenols were determined by permanganatometric method. Results and discussion . When studying the effect of extractant upon the degree of biologically active substances extraction from the cowslip leaves, we found that the maximum amount of hydroxycinnamic acids, oxidative phenols and saponins was extracted with ethanol 40 %, representing 25.5 %, 12.13 %, 3.25 % respectively; phenolic compounds and flavonoids – with ethanol 70 % (5.40 % and 12.70 %, respectively); extractive substances with cleared hot water (48.51 %). When extracting biologically active substances from the cowslip rhizomes with roots, we found that the maximum amount of hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids was extracted with ethanol 40 %, representing 7.93 % and 1.15 % respectively; phenolic compounds, oxidative phenols and saponins – with ethanol 30 % (2.57 %, 5.03 % and 5.25 % respectively). The content of extractive substances in the studied extracts from the cowslip rhizomes with the roots in all objects was approximately equal. Conclusions . We obtained the extracts from the cowslip leaves and rhizomes with the roots. Thick extract of leaves is a homogeneous viscous brown mass with a greenish tinge, with a bitter and salty taste, with a peculiar pleasant smell, soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol 96 %. Thick extract of rhizomes with roots is a homogeneous viscous dark brown mass, with a bitter taste, with a peculiar pleasant smell, soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol 96 %. It is established that the maximum amounts of hydroxycinnamic acids, oxidative phenols and saponins in extracts from the cowslip leaves was observed with 40 % ethanol extraction; phenolic compounds and flavonoids – 70 % ethanol; extractives – hot clean water. Thus, the optimal content of complex biologically active substances from the cowslip leaves provides 40 % ethanol solution. It is established that the maximum amount of hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids in extracts from the cowslip rhizomes with roots was observed with 40 % ethanol extraction; phenolic compounds, saponins, oxidative phenols, extractives – 30 % ethanol. Thus, the optimal content of complex biologically active substances from the cowslip rhizomes with roots provides 30 % ethanol solution.

Цель работы ‒ установление качественного состава и определение количественного содержания жирных кислот катрана сердцелистного и катрана коктебельского листьев. Материалы и методы. Объекты для исследования ‒ катрана сердцелистного листья и катрана коктебельского листья. Сырье, предоставленное отделом культурной флоры Национального ботанического сада имени Н. Н. Гришко НАН Украины, заготовлено летом 2018 г. Качественный состав и количественное содержание жирных кислот определяли методом газовой хроматографии с масс-спектрометрией на хрoматoграфе Agilent 6890N с хромато-масс-спектрометрическим детектором 5973 inert (Agilent Technologies, США).Результаты. В катрана сердцелистного листьях обнаружили 7 жирных кислот: 4 насыщенные, 2 полиненасыщенные, 1 мононенасыщенная. Количественно преобладают α-линoленoвая (9,68 мг/г; 47,87 % от общего содержания всех идентифицированных жирных кислот), пальмитинoвая (4,88 мг/г; 24,14 %) и линoлевая (1,84 мг/г; 9,10 %) кислоты. Другие жирные кислоты составляют 18,89 %. Из 12 жирных кислoт, идентифицированных в катрана коктебельского листьях, 8 насыщенных, 2 полиненасыщенных, 2 мононенасыщенная. Количественно преобладают α-линоленовая (8,84 мг/г; 42,95 %), линолевая (2,36 мг/г; 11,47 %) и пальмитинoвая (4,53 мг/г; 22,01 %) кислоты.Выводы. Впервые методом газовой хроматографии с масс-спектрометрией установлен качественный состав и определено количественное содержание жирных кислот в катрана сердцелистного и катрана коктебельского листьях. В катрана сердцелистного листьях идентифицированы и установлено количественное содержание 7 жирных кислот; в катрана коктебельского ‒ 12. В исследуемых объектах преобладают α-линоленовая и линолевая кислоты., The aim of the research was to establish a qualitative composition and to determine the quantitative content of fatty acids of Crambe cordifolia Steven and Crambe koktebelica (Junge) N. Busch leaves.Materials and methods. Leaves of the Crambe cordifolia Steven and Crambe koktebelica (Junge) N. Busch were selected as the objects of the study. The raw materials were provided by the Department of cultural flora of M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The leaves were collected in summer 2018. The qualitative composition and quantitative content of fatty acids were determined by the method of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry using chromatograph Agilent 6890N with mass detector 5973 inert (Agilent Technologies, USA).Results. Seven fatty acids were found in the Crambe cordifolia Steven leaves, among which four are saturated, two are polyunsaturated, and one is monounsaturated. Quantitatively dominated α-linolenic (9.68 mg/g, 47.87 % of the total content of all identified fatty acids), palmitic (4.88 mg/g, 24.14%), and linoleic (1.84 mg/g; 9.10 %) acids. The other fatty acids were 18.89 %. Among the twelve fatty acids identified in the Crambe koktebelica (Junge) N. Busch leaves, eight belong to saturated, two to polyunsaturated and two to monounsaturated. Quantitatively dominated α-linolenic (8.84 mg/g, 42.95 %), linoleic (2.36 mg/g, 11.47 %), and palmitic (4.53 mg/g, 22.01 %) acids.Conclusions. The qualitative composition and quantitative content of fatty acids were determined in the Crambe cordifolia Steven and the Crambe koktebelica (Junge) N. Busch leaves by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry for the first time. Quantitative content of seven fatty acids was identified and determined in the Crambe cordifolia Steven while in the Crambe koktebelica (Junge) N. Busch were twelve fatty acids. Linoleic and α-linolenic acids dominate in the studied objects., Мета роботи ‒ встановлення якісного складу та визначення кількісного вмісту жирних кислот катрану серцелистого й катрану коктебельського листків.Матеріали та методи. Об’єкти для дослідження – катрану серцелистого листки та катрану коктебельського листки. Сировина, що надана відділом культурної флори Національного ботанічного саду імені М. М. Гришка НАН України, заготовлена влітку 2018 р. Якісний склад і кількісний вміст жирних кислот визначали методом газової хроматографії з мас-спектрометрією на хрoматoграфі Agilent 6890N із хрoматo-мас-спектрoметричним детектoрoм 5973 inert (Agilent Technologies, США).Результати. У катрану серцелистого листках виявили 7 жирних кислот, серед них 4 насичені, 2 поліненасичені, 1 мононенасичена. Кількіснo переважають α-лінoленoва (9,68 мг/г; 47,87 % від загального вмісту всіх ідентифікованих жирних кислот), пальмітинoва (4,88 мг/г; 24,14 %) та лінoлева (1,84 мг/г; 9,10 %) кислоти. Інші жирні кислoти станoвлять 18,89 %. З 12 жирних кислoт, що були ідентифікoвані в катрану коктебельського листках, 8 належать дo насичених, 2 ‒ дo поліненасичених, 2 ‒ дo мононенасичених. Кількіснo переважають α-лінoленoва (8,84 мг/г; 42,95 %), лінoлева (2,36 мг/г; 11,47 %) і пальмітинoва (4,53 мг/г, 22,01 %) кислоти.Висновки. Уперше методом газової хроматографії з мас-спектрометрією встановлено якісний склад і визначено кількісний вміст жирних кислот у катрану серцелистого та катрану коктебельського листках. У катрану серцелистого листках ідентифікoванo та встановлено кількісний вміст 7 жирних кислот; у катрану коктебельського – 12. В об’єктах, які дослідили, переважають α-лінoленoва і лінoлева кислоти.

Introduction. Primrose or primula ( Primula L.) is a genus of Primulaceae family plants, which includes about 500 species, distributed throughout the globe. 67 species (according to some authors – 80) grow in the CIS countries, in Ukraine – nine of them; the most common is Primula veris . Primula veris L. is a medicinal, vitamin, nutritional, honeyed, dyeing and decorative plant. Its chemical composition is insufficiently studied despite the widespread usage of primula in medical practice. There is no information about research of saponins contents in leaves and underground organs of Primula veris of Ukrainian flora in the available sources of scientific literature. The aim of the study – to determine the content of saponins in leaves and rhizomes with roots of Primula veris . Research methods. Water and spirituous-water extracts of leaves and rhizomes with roots of Primula veris were studied for saponins content. The aqueous extract of primula was used for tests on foam formation and some sedimentary reactions. The determination of chemical nature of saponins was also done. Quantitative content of saponins was determined by spectrophotometric method on a spectrophotometer Lambda 25 UV at a wave length 381 nm with following conversion to aescin. Results and discussion. The emergence of stable foam and positive reactions with 10 % solution of basic lead acetate and 1 % alcoholic solution of cholesterol showed the presence of saponins in the leaves and rhizomes with roots of of the studied plant. It was found out during determining the chemical nature of saponins that the leaves and rhizomes with roots of Primula veris contain triterpene saponins – (1.27 ± 0.02) % and (3.69 ± 0.02) % respectively in conversion to aescin. Conclusion. It was experimentally proved that the leaves and rhizomes with roots of Primula veris contain triterpene saponins. For the first time it was defined quantitative content of saponins in leaves and underground organs of Primula veris from Ternopil region. The content of saponins in leaves was 1.27 %, in rhizomes with roots – 3.69 % in conversion to escin.

Chemical composition of diuretic collection was studied. The presence of phenolic substances namely flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids and coumarines was proved. By HPLC method rutin, hiperoside, isoquercetin, luteolin, apigenin, coumarin, umbelliferon, scopoletin, chlorogenic, rosmarinic and ferulic acids were identified and their content was set.

Compounds of phenol origin have been spectrophotometricaly quantified in perennial garden chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × hortorum Bailey) of variant Belgo raw material, they are hydroxycinnamic acids 9.08 % in leaves and 7.61 % flower heads, flavonoids – 3.30 % and 4.29 %, oxidized phenols– 5.82 % and 4.42 % respectively. Flavonoid groups (rutin, apigenine, luteolin, quercitrin-3-D- glycoside kaempferol), coumarines (scopoletin, coumarine) hydroxycinnamic acids (rosemary, chlorogenic, caffeic, ferulic) have been identified by the method of HPLC and their content has been determined.

Background. Organic acids are the compounds of aliphatic or aromatic orders, which are widespread inflora and have a wide range of biological activity. We studied the qualitative composition and quantitative contentsof organic acids in the aboveground part of some unofficial medicinal plants from families Lamiaceae, Asteraceae,Apiaceae and Chenopodiaceae is relevant.Objective. The objects of the research are the aboveground part of unofficial medicinal plants from familiesLamiaceae, Asteraceae, Apiaceae and Chenopodiaceae.Methods. Identification of organic acids was performed by means of thin-layer and paper chromatography,their content was determined by means of gas chromatography, the quantitative amount of organic acids wasdefined by titrimetric analysis.Results. In the studied raw plants the quality of organic acids and their total contents were determined (interms of malic acid). It is established that the maximum content of organic acids is accumulated in the grassHyssopus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae), and the minimal is in the leaves of Chrysánthemum xhortorum L. variety Apro(Asteraceae). In all studied raw plants the dominance of aliphatic acids (citric, malic, oxalic and malonic) wasdetermined by means of gas chromatography. Benzoic is predominant among the aromatic acids.Conclusions. In the studied raw plants the quality of organic acids and their total content were determined.The following results can be used in developing the methods of quality control of the studied raw plants andduring the study of new bioactive substances.KEY WORDS: organic acids, Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Apiaceae, Сhenopodiaceae, grass, leaves, thinlayerchromatography, gas chromatography, paper chromatography.

There was studied the chemical composition of the anti-diabetic herbal collection. It was established the presence and determined the quantitative content of the substances of primary synthesis: polysaccharides, including inulin, organic acids and ascorbic acid, amino acids and fat acids. 17 organic acids and 18 fatty acids were identified by gas chromatography and 23 amino acids by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Резюме . Встановлено наявність та визначено кількісний вміст суми флавоноїдів у листках і квітках первоцвітувесняного. Методом ВЕРХ у досліджуваних об’єктах ідентифіковано аглікон лютеолін та його глікозиди, глікозидикверцетину, флавоноли – рутин, гіперозид, ізокверцитрин.Ключові слова : первоцвіт весняний, флавоноїди, високоефективна рідинна хроматографія, спектрофотометрія.

Резюме . Встановлено якісний склад та визначено кількісний вміст гідроксикоричних кислот у коренебульбах,листках і квітках двох видів роду Лілійник (Hemerocallis L.). Спектрофотометрично визначено значний вмістсуми гідроксикоричних кислот у листках і квітках лілійника буро-жовтого. Методом високоефективної рідинноїхроматографії в усіх видах сировини лілійника буро-жовтого (Hemerocallis fulva L.) і лілійника гібридного(Hemerocallis hybrida var. «Stella De Oro») встановлено наявність хлорогенової кислоти.КЛЮЧОВІ СЛОВА: гідроксикоричні кислоти, лілійник буро-жовтий, лілійник гібридний, спектрофотометрія,високоефективна рідинна хроматографія.