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This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of rice bran oil on altering lipid absorption and blood lipid level in normal rat. Male Sprague Dawley rat age 3 months old, weighted 250–300 g were grouped into three groups: control (aquabidest 1 ml), orlistat (2.16 mg / 200 g body weight), and rice bran oil (1.04 mg γ-oryzanol / 200 g body weight). The intervention was given through oral gavage, daily for 28 days. Indicators observed were growth performance, total cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels, lipid levels in feces, and accumulation of intra-abdominal fat. The results showed that the treatment did not significantly affect body weight gain. Fecal lipid levels of orlistat, rice bran oil and control group respectively were 0.19g; 0.17g and 0.13 g (p 0.05). The intervention of rice bran oil was shown to reduce blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels in normal mice and did not accumulate intra-abdominal fat. The results suggest that rice bran oil might have an effect on blood lipid regulation but not by preventing lipid absorption.

Vernona amygdalina has been scientifically proven to have activity against various diseases i.e. anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-allergic. Detection of chlorophyll content in the leaves by non-invasive sensing is very important to estimate the antioxidant content. The purpose of this study was to predict the chlorophyll content of Vernona amygdalina leaves using computer vision as non-invasive sensing method. Artificial neural network (ANN) was used to model RGB colour co-occurrence matrix (CCM) and grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) textural features as input and leaf chlorophyll content as output. Performance comparisons in each ANN model were carried out to find the best model in predicting leaf chlorophyll content, indicated by the smallest prediction error value. The results showed that ANN can describe the relationship between textural features and leaf chlorophyll content. Red CCM textural features-subset showed the best results when compared to Green CCM, Blue CCM, and GLCM. The learning process in the training set data showed the MSE value of 0.0099, while the MSE value of the validation set data was 0.0472. The ANN model structure that can be used to predict chlorophyll content in Vernona amygdalina leaves consisted of 3 layers with 30 hidden nodes.

Milk, as the prime source of food for mammals, has an electrolyte to replace the loss of body fluid caused by activity or metabolism process. The total electrolyte concentration can be measured based on conductivity value from the nutritional content. Therefore, the parameter of the quality of milk with conductivity value can be a benchmark for quality and selling value of milk, making it simpler to be implemented in the field. The aim of this research is to analyze the relation between electric conductivity (EC) with the content value of cow milk. The milk was taken from 10-30 cows from a farm in Lembang (district of West Bandung), Pengalengan (district of Bandung), Tasikmalaya, Sumedang, Subang, Sukabumi and Bogor of West Java Province. The milk was put in 50 ml of sterile falcon. The Probe EC count-meter CT-3031 was used to measure EC while the quality of milk was measured by Probe MilkoScanTMFT 120 (Foss). The milk quality is reflected by protein content, Fat, Total Solid (TS), Solid Non-fat (SNF), Lactose, Density, Acidity and Freeze Point Deviation (FPD). The results of this study show that the EC value in the milk gives a very real positive effect (p=

Climate change will become the priority for the air quality management. It focuses more on carbon dioxide emission. Indonesia which has power generation dominated by coal combustion is expected to develop the national CO 2 emission factor. Due to the high variation in Indonesia coal rank and its growing magnitude in CO 2 emission caused by the future coal-fired power plant development, the characteristic emission value becomes an important concern. The method used in this study is developed from the IPCC Guidelines for Energy. The conversion unit plays an important role in the calculation method. The result shows that the higher in C content, the lower in its CO 2 emission factor. It means that coal classified as high C content or high heating value will produce low carbon dioxide emission factor. The average CO 2 emission factor obtained in Indonesian coal is 99,718 kg CO 2 /TJ with an average value of carbon content 27.2 kg C/GJ, and NCV equal to 19.8 TJ/Gg. Coal rank is categorized as lignite to subbituminous or bituminous.

Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum) contains phenol compounds which can be used as antibacterial, these compounds can be obtained from the extraction process. Microwave assisted extraction (MAE) can accelerate the extraction process by utilizing microwave heating. The aim of this research is to find the optimum point of solvent ratio and extraction time to produce Tamarillo extract with maximum total phenol content. The modeling and optimization method used is response surface methodology (RSM). In the central composite design (CCD), the input used includes the ratio of solvent to low level ratio is 1:40 (w/v) and the high level is 1:60 (w/v), while the low level extraction time is 4 minutes and the high level is 6 minutes, so there are 13 experimental designs. The suggested model results are quadratic. The optimal value produced in maximizing total phenol in Tamarillo is 3.31 mg GAE/g extract from a variation of solvent ratio 1:56.30 (w/v) with extraction time of 5.93 minutes with desirability value of 1. The validation results obtained are 3.33 mg GAE/g extract, where this value is 0.60% different from the predicted results. Validation results can be accepted because the value is still within the acceptable error threshold or below 5%.

Plant sound wave technology (PSWT) is the use of sound waves to improve crop productivity and quality through optimization of stomata opening so that plants are able to absorb nutrients and water optimally. The purpose of this study is to test PSWT to increase the vegetative growth of mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.). The type of music used in PSWT is Javanese gamelan entitled Puspawarna. PSWT exposure time is given to plants in the morning and evening. The frequencies used are 3-5 kHz, 7-9 kHz, and 11-13 kHz. The mixture of organic planting media i.e. roasted husk, cocopeat, and moss with a ratio of 2: 2: 1 for soil, organic planting media, and organic fertilizer. Observations were made on plant height, plant length, wet weight, stomata opening, leaf chlorophyll, leaf area, and the number of plant leaves. The results showed that the frequency and the mixture of organic planting media significantly affected the wet weight, plant length, stomata opening, plant height, leaf chlorophyll, leaf area, and the number of leaves. The best PSWT method for growing mustard greens is using a frequency of 3-5 kHz with moss as the organic planting media. The maximum yield of vegetative growth resulted in the most optimal stomatal openings of 70.84–159.46 µm, with a plant height of 19.47 cm, plant length of 29.47 cm, leaf area of 31.99 cm2, number of leaves is 5.33 strands, leaf chlorophyll of 31.60 cci, and wet weight of 5.01 g.

This research aimed to analyze the quality of milk (content and chemical composition) at several local farms in West Java province. Milk is a food that has complete nutritional value in balanced proportion. Good quality of milk contains the composition of fat content, total solids, protein, water and contamination level that meet the criteria in the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 3141.1.2011. The milk quality parameters were analyzed by the FT 120 MilkoScanTM (Foss). The milk was collected as much as 50 ml and then dipped in a milkoScan probe. The parameters observed included pH, specific gravity, fat, protein, water and non-fat dry matter (%). The highest fat content found in milk samples from Subang district i.e. 3.62 ± 1.40. Lembang district has the highest lactose concentration among the other sampling regions which is 4.58 ± 0.22. The highest concentration of dry matter content was found in Subang district (12.57 ± 1.87). The highest value at the content of the non-fat dry ingredients in the Subang area was 8.87 ± 0.70. The milk density from Pangalengan and Lembang were 103 2.44 ± 2.51 and 1032.27 ± 1.74 respectively. The concentration of FPD from the Subang district was 0.55 ± 0.06 (highest results and overreach the SNI value). The highest concentration of acidity was in the Subang district with a value of 7.84 ± 1.41.

The Mx gene is an antiviral gene used to determine the resistance or the susceptibility to different types of viruses, including the Avian Influenza (AI) virus subtype H5N1. The AI virus subtype H5N1 infection in chickens causes Mx gene polymorphism. The Mx + gene shows resistant to the AI virus subtype H5N1, whereas the Mx gene shows signs of susceptible. The objective of this research was to detect the Mx gene in wild aquatic birds using the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method with the primer pairs F2 and NE-R2/R and the RsaI restriction enzyme. DNA samples were obtained from eight species of wild waterbirds with positive and negative exposure to the AI virus subtype H5N1. DNA amplification results showed that the Mx gene in wild aquatic birds is found in a 100 bp fragment, which is the same as the Mx gene found in chickens. However, unlike chickens, the Mx gene in wild aquatic birds did not show any polymorphism. This study proves that Mx- based resistance to AI virus subtype H5N1 in different in wild birds than in chickens.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) vaccine has recently been developed as an alternative vaccine against virus infection.This study was the first step of DNA vaccine development to protect cyprinids including common carp (Cyprinuscarpio) and fancy koi (Cyprinus carpio) from KHV (koi herpesvirus) infection in Indonesia. One of KHV glycoproteingenes, i.e. glycoprotein (GP) was ligated with Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) â-actin promoter to generatepAct/GP as a DNA vaccine. Fourty fish in body weight of 10-15 g/fish were individually injected by pAct/GP intomuscle in different dosage of 2.5 μg, 7.5 μg and 12.5 μg/100 μl phosphate buffer saline. Total RNA was extractedfrom the 12.5 μg of pAct/GP-injected fish muscle at 24, 48 and 67 hours post-injection to analyze GP expression byRT-PCR method. Potential of pAct/GP as DNA vaccine was examined by injecting KHV into the 30-days-vaccinatedfish. Both of possitive and negative control fish group were not vaccinated. Possitive control fish group wereinjected with KHV, but negative control fish group were not. KHV-challenged fish were reared for 1 month, and thedeath fish were calculated daily. Result of RT-PCR analysis showed that GP gene expression were detected at 3 dpost-injection. Expression of GP in the vaccinated fish groups helped to improve their survival rate after challengedby KHV. All of fish without DNA vaccination had dead 17 days after KHV injection. The results demonstrated thatpAct/GP had high potency to be used as a DNA vaccine against KHV infection in cyprinids.