Search

The present study deals with the synthesis, characterization, and testing of a novel composite, zirconium(IV) phosphate-coated polyaniline (ZrPO4@PANI), toward the adsorption- and surface-controlled toxicity applications. Following the synthesis of the ZrPO4@PANI composite using the sol–gel route, various characterization techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction were employed to confirm its surface functionality, morphology and agglomeration, and crystallinity and crystal nature, respectively. The composite was found to be effective toward the adsorptive removal of the methylene blue dye (an organic pollutant) as against the changes in the dye concentration, dose, pH, and so forth. Also, to understand the MB adsorption kinetics, the experimental data were evaluated using the Langmuir and Freundlich models and the results were described in accordance with the Langmuir isotherm model (an adsorption capacity of 120.48 mg/g at ambient temperature). In addition, the tests conducted using pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order kinetic models confirmed the existence of pseudo-second-order rates. Furthermore, the calculation of thermodynamic parameters for the MB adsorption, namely, changes in enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs’ free energy, exhibited a spontaneous, feasible, and exothermic nature. Finally, the comparative studies of in vitro toxicity and flow cytometry confirmed that the copresence of ZrPO4 along with PANI significantly improved the biocompatibility. The outcome of the experimental results implies that the composite is capable enough of serving as the safe and low-cost adsorbent, in addition to supporting the effective capping of the surface toxicity of PANI.

Corrosion not only causes a lot of economic losses, but possibly threatens personal safety. The superhydrophobic polyaniline composite anti-corrosion coating (SPANC) has closely received attention ...

Ti3C2Tx exhibits excellent electromagnetic (EM) shielding and electrochemical properties. However, the inherent re-stacking tendency and easy oxidation of Ti3C2Tx limit its further application. In this study, a multi-walled carbon nanotube/polyaniline composite (CNT/PANI, denoted as C–P) was introduced into Ti3C2Tx nanosheets to obtain a Ti3C2Tx–CNT/PANI composite (T@CP). Owing to the integrated effects of Ti3C2Tx and C–P, the contribution of absorption was significantly improved, which finally enhanced the EM shielding performance of T@CP. The highest total EM shielding effectiveness (SET) was close to 50 dB (49.8 dB), which was substantially higher than that of pure Ti3C2Tx (45.3 dB). Moreover, T@CP demonstrated outstanding supercapacitive performance. The specific capacitance of T@CP (2134.5 mF/cm2 at 2 mV/s) was considerably higher than that of pure Ti3C2Tx (414.3 mF/cm2 at 2 mV/s). These findings provide a new route for the development of high-efficiency Ti3C2Tx-based bifunctional EM shielding and electrochemical materials.

We prepared a flexible and processable cellulose/polyphenylacetylene/polyaniline (Cell/PPA/PANI) triple-layer composite using a convenient one-pot method in water. The composite sheet exhibits elec...

Protein gel of soy was formed immediately during polymerization of aniline initiated by certain amount of FeCl3. In order to obtain iron-doped carbon material, this composite was then carbonized at 700°C under nitrogen atmosphere for 5h. SEM, FT-IR, XRD, and isothermal desorption/adsorption technologies were employed to characterize morphology and structure of the material. Electrical capacitance of iron-doped carbon materials and performance of a prototype supercapacitor based on the material as its electrodes were measured by cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, and A.C. impedance respectively. Results show that morphology of as-obtained material is porous and hierachical, specific surface area of the material is 232.1m2/g, and specific capacitance of the material can reach 475.2F/g in 6 M KOH aqueous solution. Energy density and power density of the cell is 2.1Wh/kg and 2.0kW/kg, respectively. Capacity retention of the device is 100% after 5000 cycles at a current density of 2A/g. The above studies imply that this original iron-doped carbon material will have a good potential application in field of energy storage.

The reconstruction of the nerve tissue engineering scaffold is always of particular interest due to the inability to recover and repair neural tissues after being damaged by diseases or physical injuries. The primary purpose of this study was obtaining a model used to predict the diameter of the fibers of electrospun polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) scaffolds. Accordingly, the range of operating parameters, namely the applied voltage, the distance between the nozzle to the collector, and solution concentration, was designed for the electrospinning process at three different levels, giving seventeen experiments. These data were modeled utilizing response surface methodology and artificial neural network method using Design Expert and Matlab software.The effect of process parameters on the diameter, as well as their interactions were investigated in detail, and the corresponding models were suggested. Both the RSM and ANN models showed an excellent agreement between the experimental and predicted response values. In the second phase of the study, PHB natural polymer was electrospun into scaffolds with high biocompatibility, resulting in a 224-360 nm diameter range .To further modify the scaffold in order to improve the compatibility of PHB, the fibrous surface of scaffolds was exposed to oxygenated plasma gas radiation under controlled conditions. Next, polyaniline (PANI) nanoparticles were then synthesized and printed on the surface of scaffolds as parallel lines. Then samples were exposed to the electric field. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, water contact angle, optical and electron microscopy, tensile test, and cell viability analysis were performed to study properties of resulting scaffolds. The results indicated the fact that modification of the scaffolds by oxygen plasma and printing PANI nanoparticles in particular patterns had a favorable impact on cell adhesion and direction of cell growth, showing the potential of resulting scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering applications.

Nanocomposites of polyaniline loaded with different weight-fractions of double-wall carbon nanotubes were fabricated by in situ polymerizations of the polyaniline in the presence of double-wall carbon nanotubes. The composition of the nanocomposites is examined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The functionality of the synthesized composites was studied by electrical conductivity and fluorescence analyses. The dc conductivity of polyaniline was increased by introducing 2.5 wt% of DWCNTs into polyaniline matrix. The fluorescence emission from the double-wall carbon nanotubes/polyaniline showed a broad emission range in the visible region between 350 and 560 nm with appreciable enhancement in the intensity at 434 nm.

Inorganic acids (HCl, H2SO4, and H3PO4) doped-PMMA/PANI composites are prepared by in-situ technique via oxidation-polymerization process. Different techniques such as XRD, FTIR, UV-Visible, four-probe method are used to characterize the composite. Presence of different chemical group of the doped composites is analysed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopic analysis. Charge carrier behaviour of the doped composite is analyzed by UV-Visible spectroscopy. Band gap (Eg) of the doped composites is determined from UV-Visible absorption analysis using Tauc expression. The estimated direct band gap energy (Eg) is found to be 1.93 eV (for HCl doped PMMA/PANI composite), 1.19 eV (for H2SO4 doped PMMA/PANI composite), and 1.71 eV (for H3PO4 doped PMMA/PANI composite), respectively. DC-conductivity is measured with and without magnetic field. Temperature dependent DC conductivity is also measured. In addition, we were discussed the response of ammonia (NH3) gas with polyaniline-based sensor materials.

N-substituted PANI-ES was obtained from N-phenyl-β-alanine (N-substituted aniline). N-phenyl-β-alanine was synthesized chemically from methyl acrylate and aniline precursor. ESI-MS, H1NMR spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy are employed to characterise the N-phenyl-β-alanine for structure elucidation. The structure and properties of corresponding polymers were investigated by X-ray diffraction, FTIR, UV-Visible, H1NMR, FESEM, solubility, and DC conductivity. On the basis of experimental results of prepared N-substituted aniline monomer and its corresponding polymer is proposed. At room temperature, the average DC conductivity of as-prepared PANI polymers was found in semiconducting range, which is 0.153 S/cm for poly (3-methyl (phenyl amino) propionic acid. We also were analysed temperature dependent DC conductivity with and without magnetic field of as prepared PANI polymers to understand the conduction mechanism and it was followed variable-range hopping (VRH) process. In addition, we were discussed the response of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) with polyaniline based sensor materials.

Catkin fibers, the white hairs on the seeds of willow, can float with the wind and send the seeds to a distant place. In this communication, flexible polyaniline/catkin composite fibers were prepar...

• Flexible supercapacitor is fabricated by electrodeposition of PANI. • Areal capacitance of 5120 mF.cm−2 in 1M H2SO4 at 100 100 mA.cm−2 is achieved. • 1.6% decrement in specific capacitance after 1000 cycles in PVA/H2SO4.

Aerogels are commonly regarded as soft and versatile materials for multiple applications thanks to their features such as elastic behavior, swelling ability and responsive characteristics. In the last decades these qualities have ensured them multiple uses in biomedical field as controlled drug delivery systems and scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Recently their employment as sensors has attracted great interest especially thanks to their tunability and the possibility to be used as soft material instead of conventional and many times unreliable sensors in multiple sensing applications. In this work we synthetized graphene oxide/polyaniline aerogels by in situ chemical polymerization of aniline monomer in aqueous dispersion of graphene oxide sheets. We characterized the system through chemical and mechanical analysis, and we its responsivity as gas sensing device was verified. Moreover, we investigated the influence of the encapsulation of graphene nanoplatelets on the responsive ability of the device. The addition of the graphene moieties improves the conductivity of the system, its compressive mechanical resistance and the applicability of these devices as gas sensors.

Polyaniline-zinc oxide composite on Kapok paper were fabricated for methylene blue dye removal in aqueous solution. Kapok fibers were fabricated into papers. The fabricate paper served as substrate for the zinc oxide-polyaniline composite. Zinc oxide particles were deposited on the Kapok paper using an in-situ method while polyaniline molecules are deposited on paper using Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) method. The polyaniline molecules were deprotonated using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to be able adsorb cationic dyes in aqueous solution. The samples were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Results show that the deprotonated polyaniline nanocomposite was able to remove at about 75% more dye compared to the as-synthesized polyaniline nanocomposite.

Swelling chitosan–polyaniline composite systems demonstrating a pronounced electromechanical response are obtained. The formation of a crosslinked structure in chitosan allows one to enhance elasticstrain properties of composites, but this is accompanied by a decrease in the bending angle under an electric field. Polyaniline as an electroactive component improves the composite system capability of deformation induced by an electric field. The factors contributing to the deformation value are investigated.

A triple layered core–shell structured zero valence iron@carbon@polyaniline (ZVI@C@PANI) nanocomposite was synthesized and was used to reduce the Cr(VI) in wastewater. The synthesized ZVI@C@PANI was demonstrated to have a great Cr(VI) removal performance with a fast rate and high capacity. ZVI@C@PANI can reduce almost all the hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) (1.0 mg L−1) Cr(VI) in 5 min, and has a maximum capacity of 508 mg g−1. A maximum Cr(VI) removal capacity of 508 mg g−1 was achieved. The shell layers of C@PANI were demonstrated to be important to improve the electron utilization of the inner ZVI. The PANI shell captured and stored the H+ from the solution, providing an acidic condition on its surface. The carbon layer can adjust the H+ and H2 transfer in the ZVI@C@PANI. These were disclosed as the mechanisms for the improved electron utilization by this core–shell structured ZVI@C@PANI.

Stretchable sensors, as the important components of flexible electronic devices, have achieved progress in a variety of applications for monitoring physical or environmental conditions, such as sound, temperature, vibration, and pressure. However, it still remains a challenge to fabricate high performance stretchable humidity sensors. Herein, we present a novel stretchable humidity sensor, which was fabricated based on an ultrastretchable polyaniline composite fiber. Because of the composite fiber with a "twining spring" configuration (cotton fibers twining spirally around a polyurethane fiber) it maintains a stable electrical conductivity up to a strain of 200%. In addition, the conductivity of the composite fiber remains perfectly stable after 5000 cyclic stretching events of 200% strain. Incorporating the humidity sensitive properties of nanostructured polyaniline, the stretchable humidity sensor based on the composite fiber effectively maintains its humidity sensitivity at different elongations.

The ability to achieve exquisite control over polymer building blocks within multicompartment magnetite nanocomposites (NCs) to afford predictable and ordered packing hierarchical structures remains a significant challenge for the design of NCs. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new types of nano-dimensional assemblies that undergo responsive shape shift, size, phase, and morphological transitions, especially for processes that are triggered by biologically relevant stimuli such as ionic gradients to meet the demand for diverse applications. Accordingly, we report an unprecedented concept for the preparation of salt-responsive magnetite/polyaniline composite nanoassemblies with chemically distinct dual-compartment structures. The size, shape, and nano-dimensional phase separation of the PANI assemblies within NCs were adjusted in a facile manner with incremental changes in salt gradients using NaCl(aq). Composition effects bestow desirable diversiform shape, size, and phase behavior of the incorpor...

Polyaniline is a type of conductive polymer. Bacterial cellulose has high mechanical properties, so it can be made into polyaniline base composite materials. A stable form of polyaniline oxidation at room temperature is emeraldine base. The emeraldine base has a conductivity value of 10-6 S/cm. Dopants can change the shape of emeraldine base to emeraldine salt by protonation process. Emeraldine salt is a conductive form of polyaniline. The conductivity value of emeraldine salt is 0,03-0,07 S/cm. The addition of dopan in synthesis of polymer was carried out to determine its effect on the conductivity value. The disadvantage of polyaniline is that its mechanical properties are weak and easily brittle. Modifications are needed to improve the mechanical properties of polyaniline, one of which is the manufacture of composite. Bacterial celluloce has high mechanical properties so it can be made into polyaniline base composite materials. Synthesis of bacterial cellulose-polyaniline composites by in situ chemical polymerization methods. Syntehsis is started with BC membrane was dipped into aniline solution for about 2h with stirring at room temperature. The BC was immersed into ammonium peroxydisulfate solution for about 30m with stirring. The bacterial cellulose-polyaniline compositions obtained are black color which is characteristic of the emeraldine salt. The highest conductivity value of composite was obtained from the addition of 3,5M HCl dopant which was 4,70x10-4 S/cm. FTIR analysis of composite obtained peak of the characteristic polyanilin was conductive at 1565,92 cm-1 as C=C quinoid ring and 1442,95 cm-1 as C=C benzoid ring.

The paper deals with the electrical properties of Montmorillonite (MMT)/Polyaniline (PANI) composites. These materials show specific electrical properties as relatively high anisotropic electrical conductivity and the thermally induced electrical transport shows relatively large spectrum of charge transport mechanisms. The paper presents measurements of dc conductivity versus temperature as well as the measurements of ac. conductivity at ambient temperature for the investigated samples.

WOS: 000468456900011 This study was focused on the photocatalytic activity of polyaniline (Pani)/iron doped titanium dioxide (Fe-TiO2) composites for the degradation of methylene blue as a model dye. TiO2 nanoparticles were doped with iron ions (Fe) using the wet impregnation method and the doped nanoparticles were further combined with Pani via an in situ polymerization method. For comparison purposes, Pani composites were also synthesized in the presence undoped TiO2. The photocatalyst and the composites were characterized by standard analytical techniques such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX and UV-Vis spectroscopies. Fe-TiO2 and its composites exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet light irradiation. Improved photocatalytic activity of Fe-TiO2 was attributed to the dopant Fe ions hindering the recombination of the photoinduced charge carriers. Pani/Fe-TiO2 composite with 30 wt.% of TiO2 nanoparticles achieved 28% dye removal and the discoloration rate of methylene blue for the sample was 0.0025 min(-1). FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX and UV-Vis spectroscopies supported the idea that Fe ions integrated into TiO2 crystal structure and Pani composites were successfully synthesized in the presence of the photocatalyst nanoparticles. The novelty of this study was to investigate the photocatalytic activity of Pani composites, containing iron doped TiO2 and to compare their results with that of Pani/TiO2. Ankara University Scientific Research Projects Coordination UnitAnkara University [17B0443007] This research has been supported by Ankara University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit. Project Number: 17B0443007, 2017.

A functionalized reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline (FRGO/PANI) composite is fabricated with a facile and practical approach, including the reduction and functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) and in situ polymerization of polyaniline (PANI) on the surface of functionalized reduced graphene oxide (FRGO). Amino groups are introduced to the surface of FRGO in the solvothermal reduction process. The composite exhibits a specific capacitance of 421 F g−1 at 0.6 A g−1, showing an outstanding improvement than pure PANI (298 F g−1) and FRGO (113 F g−1). Meanwhile, the capacitance retention for FRGO/PANI composite after 800 cycles is 84.6%, which is superior to pure PANI of 50.8%. The synergistic effect between FRGO and PANI makes a great contribution to the enrichment of electrochemical performance. The consequence shows that FRGO/PANI composite synthesized in this way has promising feasibility for applications in high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials.

In this work, activated carbon/polyaniline (AC/PANi) composites were synthesized by low temperature in situ polymerization and their electrochemical performance was investigated. Microstructure and morphology examination of the samples confirmed a uniform coating of polyaniline on AC surfaces without any change in the structure. The electrochemical studies of the samples confirmed the improvement in the electrochemical performance of AC/PANi composites. Despite a decrease in the specific surface area a substantial increase in electrochemical performance is recorded for the AC/PANi composites due to the synergistic effect between the pseudocapacitance and double layer capacitance. The highest specific capacitance of 1021 F g−1 was calculated for the APA-29.4 composite in neutral aqueous electrolyte (1 M Na2SO4) which is many times greater than the specific capacitance values for AC (253 F g−1) and PANi (389 F g−1). The enhancement in the electrochemical performance of AC after polymerization with PANi in composites favours its use as a favourable electrode material for the energy storage devices.

An ever increasing demand for high energy and high power rating Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) for electric hybrid vehicles persuaded the development of novel electrode materials with large storage capability and faster kinetic process. Carbon nanomaterials, owing to their unique and tunable physical and chemical properties, have been widely investigated as anode materials for LIBs. Diversified strategies involving the synthesis of carbon materials with hierarchical structures (morphology and porosity), and heteroatom doping have shown significant improvement in electrochemical performance of these carbon nanomaterials. In consideration to this, we hereby demonstrate the synthesis and utilization of hierarchical nitrogen-doped porous carbon structures derived from bacterial cellulose-polyaniline nano-composites as a promising anode material for LIBs. Microstructural analysis of the derived carbon revealed the inheritance of fibrous backbone as obtained from bacterial cellulose along with nano-granular structure of polyaniline. The structural and electrochemical properties of as-derived porous carbon structures are analysed systematically by performing XRD, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge studies and impedance spectroscopy. These results unveiled significantly large reversible capacities of 432, 233, and 127 mAh/g at 1, 5, and 10 C-rate respectively with excellent capacity retention. The energy and power densities of these hierarchical porous carbon structures were increased by 54% and 41% respectively when compared to pure bacterial cellulose derived carbon. This enhanced electrochemical performance may be attributed to the combined effect of interconnected micro-meso porous network of hard carbon along with nitrogen doping. The core-shell structure of this derived carbon accommodates the volume changes during lithium-ion insertion and de-insertion, rendering excellent cyclic stability even at high C rates without causing pulverization.

Electrohydrodynamic processing including electrospinning and electrospraying is suitable for depositing controllable structures in fiber or film form. In this work, the electrohydrodynamic approach was used to prepare poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polyaniline composite film. Scanning electron microscopic analysis was performed to show the morphology of the film on soft tissue paper. Self-poling of the film was found due to the high voltage application in the electrohydrodynamic process. The addition of polyaniline into PVDF improves the conductivity of the film significantly. Mechanoelectrical response of the film was demonstrated by measuring the open circuit voltage of the specimens under bending. The peak voltage generated is over 1.2 V due to the bending deformation of the film. The film has ultrafast response to the deformation. It is concluded that the film has multiple functions for mechanoelectrical energy conversion, vibration sensing, and structural integrity monitoring applications.

With the addition of inorganic spherical particles to polymers allows the modification of the polymers physical properties in the polymer matrix. This review article covers considerations on special the aspects of TiO2 and PVA composite materials in polyaniline during the polymerization. Classical composite properties, as thermo mechanical, conductive as well as mechanical properties will be summarized. Finally, typical existing and potential applications will be shown with the focus on new and innovative applications, like in environment systems and energy systems.

Improved ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) was achieved by adding polyaniline (PANI) in membrane formulation. SPE composite membranes contain: tris(4-hidroxybutylacrylate)-phosphate, polyphosphoester, lithium salts and small amount of PANI. The conductivity of membranes increases with PANI content and above a certain amount it decreases. The variation of the conductivity vs temperature is linear, characteristic for a thermally activated process. The activation energy for polymer matrix without PANI is 0.30 eV and 0.26 eV for polymer matrix with PANI. Conductivity enhancement in the composite polymer matrix is caused by the presence of PANI due to the increase in the concentration of free ions. PANI decreases the salt aggregation and as a consequence, the concentration of free ions was increased by improving dispersion of the lithium salt in membranes.

A new method is proposed for the synthesis of anisotropic membranes based on F-4SF films, which ensures their modification with polyaniline in a layer with a fixed thickness. The concentration dependences of conductivity and diffusion permeability of the composite membranes are studied. These parameters decrease with increasing thickness of the polyaniline-modified layer. The quantitative correlation is revealed between the regularities of variations in both transport characteristics and the thickness of the modified layer. The absence of the asymmetry of the diffusion permeability of the examined composite membranes is explained in terms of the model of a charged bilayer membrane.