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A sulfonic acid functionalized tetraphenylethylene-based hypercrosslinked polymer (THP-SO3H) with a well-developed porous network and accessible sulfonic acid sites was synthesized and characterized by different analytical techniques. The catalytic prowess of the synthesized material THP-SO3H was investigated in a challenging dual C–C bond-breaking reaction for the synthesis of symmetrical triarylmethanes (TRAMs) in high yield. The scope of the developed metal-free method was also explored with a wide variety of substrates. The organocatalyst can be easily recovered by filtration and reused up to five consecutive cycles without substantial loss in its catalytic efficacy.

A simple protocol to synthesize indenes efficiently by PTSA catalyzed tandem Friedel–Crafts alkylation/hydroarylation of tertiary propargylic alcohol with electron-rich arenes is described. The desired indenes were obtained regioselectively in good to very good yields under mild reaction conditions. The allene intermediate was isolated to get an insight into the mechanistic pathway of the indene forming reaction.

Pomegranate fruit peel is a great source of natural polyphenols. The objective of the present study was to evaluate efficacy of pomegranate peel infusion (PPI) on growth characteristics, feed efficiency, blood metabolites and antioxidant profile of broiler chicken. A total of 200 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 5 replicates of 10 birds. Pomegranate peel infusion was supplemented in drinking water to 3 treatment groups in a graded dose. At the end of the trial (42 days), 2 broiler chickens from each pen were sampled for serum and liver tissue. Results revealed that low-dose (50 mL/L) PPI influenced (L: P

Active bismuth is synthesized by the chemical reduction of bismuth trichloride using freshly prepared sodium stannite solution as the reducing agent at room temperature. The as-synthesized active bismuth is applied as a reagent for the synthesis of homoallyl alcohol/homopropargyl alcohol from allyl bromide/propargyl bromide and carbonyl compounds in water at $$50\,{^{\circ }}\hbox {C}$$ . The homoallyl amines are also synthesized from N-tosyl aldimines and allyl bromide using active bismuth reagent in good yields. No assistance of organic co-solvent, co-reagent, phase transfer catalyst or inert atmosphere is required for this reaction. The waste bismuth material obtained after the completion of the organic reaction can be reduced to active bismuth by sodium stannite solution and successfully reused for mediating the allylation of aldehydes. Synopsis Active bismuth mediated allylation/crotylation of aldehydes is developed in water to get homoallyl alcohols. The method is also applied for the allylation of N-tosyl aldimines and propargylation of aldehydes in water to achieve the homoallyl amines and homopropargyl alcohols, respectively. The reactions do not require the assistance of organic co-solvent, co-reagent, phase transfer catalyst or inert atmosphere.

A nucleophilic substitution of allylic alcohols with carbon (arene, heteroarene, allyltrimethylsilane, and 1,3-dicarbonyl compound), sulfur (thiol), oxygen (alcohol), and nitrogen (sulfonamide) nucleophiles has been demonstrated using an in house developed [Ir(COD)(SnCl 3 )l(μ-Cl)] 2 heterobimetallic catalyst in 1,2-dichloroethane to afford the corresponding allylic products in moderate to excellent yields. In 4-hydroxycoumarin, allylation occurs at the 3-position. The diaryl-substituted allylic alcohols undergo disproportionation in presence of the heterobimetallic catalyst to provide the corresponding alkenes and chalcones. An electrophilic mechanism is proposed from Hammett correlation study.

The heterobimetallic complex [Ir(COD)(SnCl3)Cl(μ-Cl)]2 catalyzes the direct substitution of hydroxyl groups in benzylic and propargylic alcohols by 1,3-dicarbonyl moiety. In 4-hydroxycoumarin, benzylation and propargylation occurs at the 3-position. Selective propargylation or allenylation takes place depending on the nature of propargylic alcohol. By applying the methodology, multi-substituted furans and pyrroles have been synthesized in good yields.

A nucleophilic substitution of propargylic alcohols with carbon (arene, heteroarene, and allyltrimethylsilane), sulfur (thiol), oxygen (alcohol), and nitrogen (sulfonamide) nucleophiles has been demonstrated using a high-valent [Ir(COD)(SnCl(3))Cl(mu-Cl)](2) catalyst in 1,2-dichloroethane to afford the corresponding propargylic products in moderate to excellent yields. Alkyl or aryl substituted tertiary propargylic alcohols produce substituted indenes with bulky arenes via allenylic intermediate. An electrophilic mechanism is proposed from Hammett correlation.

A variety of cinnamic alcohol derivatives undergo substitution of the free hydroxyl group by O-, N-, S- or C-nucleophiles in the presence of a bimetallic Ir—Sn catalyst.

The propargylic alcohols smoothly and regioselectively react with various nucleophiles to afford diverse synthetically important propargylic compounds.

Bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)diiridium(I) dichloride [12112-67-3] [Ir(μ-Cl)(C8H12)]2 (MW 671.70) InChI = 1S/2C8H12.2ClH.2Ir/c2*1-2-4-6-8-7-5-3-1;;;;/h2*1-2,7-8H,3-6H2;2*1H;;/q;;;;2*+1/p-2/b2*2-1-,8-7-;;;; InChIKey = ZFOUDQNHNLDNLD-MIXQCLKLSA-L Alternate Name: di-μ-chlorobis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)diiridium(I). Physical Data: mp 190–205 °C (dec). Form Supplied in: orange–red crystals. Solubility: soluble in organic solvents (dichloromethane, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, acetone, acetonitrile, and others). Handling, Storage, and Precautions: harmful and irritant; solutions should preferably be handled under inert atmosphere. Tin(IV) chloride [7646-78-8] SnCl4 (MW 260.50) InChI = 1S/4ClH.Sn/h4*1H;/q;;;;+4/p-4 InChIKey = HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J Alternate Name: stannic chloride. Physical Data: bp 114 °C (lit.), mp −33 °C (lit.) d 2.226 g mL−1 at 25 °C (lit.). Form Supplied in: colorless liquid; fumes in moist air. Solubility: soluble in organic solvents (alcohol, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, benzene, toluene, xylene, and others); reacts violently with water. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: toxic and hygroscopic; therefore, it should be stored and handled under moisture-free atmosphere. Di-μ-chlorodichlorobis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)bis(trichlorostannyl)diiridium [851764-45-9] [Ir(C8H12)(μ-Cl)Cl(SnCl3)]2 (MW 1191.61) InChI = 1S/2C8H12.10ClH.2Ir.2Sn/c2*1-2-4-6-8-7-5-3-1;;;;;;;;;;;;;;/h2*1-2,7-8H,3-6H2;10*1H;;;;/q;;;;;;;;;;;;2*+2;2*+3/p-10/b2*2-1-,8-7-;;;;;;;;;;;;;; InChIKey = UECFXPBEOJTBIV-HVBPBDNUSA-D Alternate Name: Di-μ-chlorobis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)bis(trichlorostannyl)diiridium(III) dichloride. Physical Data: red microcrystals; mp 241–244 °C (dec). Solubility: soluble in coordinating solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide and acetonitrile at ambient temperature and in alcohol at higher temperature. Recovery of the compound from solution is difficult. Analytical Data: 1H NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ(ppm) = 1.71–1.79 (br, m, 8H, CH2), 2.21–2.26 (br, m, 8H, CH2), 4.16 (br, s, 8H, CH). 13C NMR (54.6 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ(ppm) = 30.7 (CH2), 54.8 (CH), 73.6 (CH). Preparative Method: the reagent is prepared from bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)diiridium(I) dichloride [Ir(μ-Cl)(C8H12)]2 and tin(IV) chloride (SnCl4).1 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: air and moisture stable in the solid state when minimally exposed; it is recommended to handle solutions under inert atmosphere. General Reactivity: for brevity in presentation, the bimetallic reagent [Ir(μ-Cl)Cl(COD)(SnCl3)]2 is hereafter represented as IrIII–SnIV, while a dual-reagent combination of [Ir(μ-Cl)(COD)]2 and SnCl4 (1:4 molar ratio) is represented as IrI/SnIV. Both the reagents are useful for benzylation of arenes and formation of triarylmethanes and carbon–heteroatom bonds.