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Selective semi-hydrogenation of phenylacetylene to styrene is a crucial step in the polystyrene industry. Although Pd-based catalysts are widely used in this reaction due to their excellent hydrogenation activity, the selectivity for styrene remains a great challenge. Herein, we designed a mesoporous silica stabilized Pd-Ru@ZIF-8 (MS Pd-Ru@ZIF-8) nanoreactor with novel Pd and Ru single site synergistic catalytical system for semi-hydrogenation of phenylacetylene. The nanoreactor exhibited a superior performance, achieving 98% conversion of phenylacetylene and 96% selectivity to styrene. Turnover frequency (TOF) of nanoreactor was up to as high as 2,188 h⁻¹, which was 25 times and 5 times more than the single metal species catalysts, mesoporous silica stabilized Pd@ZIF-8 nanoreactor (MS Pd@ZIF-8), and mesoporous silica stabilized Ru@ZIF-8 nanoreactor (MS Ru@ZIF-8). This catalytic activity was attributed to the synergistic effect of Pd and Ru single site anchored strongly into the framework of ZIF-8, which reduced the desorption energy of styrene and increased the hydrogenation energy barrier of styrene. Importantly, since the ordered mesoporous silica was introduced into the nanoreactor shell to stabilize ZIF-8, MS Pd-Ru@ZIF-8 showed excellent reusability and stability. After the five cycles, the catalytical activity and selectivity still remained. This work provides insights for a synergistic catalytic system based on single-site active sites for selective hydrogenation reactions.

The hexagonal copper-tin alloy (Cu-Sn) nanoplates were synthesized using a high temperature solvent method, the length of six equilateral edges of hexagonal Cu-Sn nanoplates was 23 nm, and the thickness was 13 nm. The obtained hexagonal Cu-Sn nanoplates were highly monodisperse and allowed the formation of nanoarrays arranged with long-range order. The hexagonal Cu-Sn nanoplates exhibited high catalytic activity on catalytic hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol. Due to the promotion effect of Sn, the apparent rate constant (

Catechol (CAT) and hydroquinone (HQ) are two important diphenol isomers with a variety of industrial applications. The hydroxylation of phenol catalyzed by transition metal (TM) substituted ZSM-5 is an environmentally benign route for diphenol production, which is usually governed by intracrystalline diffusion. Therefore, the availability of highly oriented TM-ZSM-5 membranes and their utilization in an interphase membrane reactor can significantly promote the hydroxylation of phenol. The continuous and [h0h]-oriented Fe-ZSM-5 membrane on the porous α-Al 2 O 3 was prepared using a new seeded growth method. Characterization was carried out by using SEM, XRD, UV/Vis, and EPMA techniques, which demonstrated that the [h0h]-oriented membrane consists of Fe substituted ZSM-5 crystal grains with an Si/Fe ratio of approximately 75. Compared with the catalytic performance of different sized Fe-ZSM-5 grains loaded in the traditional slurry reactor, the [h0h]-oriented Fe-ZSM-5 membrane in the interphase membrane reactor showed significantly improved phenol conversion and selectivity for CAT and HQ due to the molecular path control in the zeolite membranes.

Rosiglitazone (ROG) has been shown to exert beneficial effects on glycemic control and renal protection. Circulatory fibroblast growth factor‑23 (FGF‑23) is a novel independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. The current study focused on how ROG impacts on injury of the kidney, and whether FGF‑23 is involved in the process. A total of 24 male Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 250‑280 g, were divided into four groups (n=6 per group): i) Normal; ii) ROG controls, treated with ROG (10 mg/kg/day); iii) CKD models, treated with adenine (200 mg/kg/day); and iv) ROG treatment, treated with ROG (10 mg/kg/day) and adenine (200 mg/kg/day). The rats were sacrificed after four weeks, and serum, urine and kidney tissues were collected. The data revealed that the serum levels of inorganic phosphate (Pi), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and FGF‑23 were significantly higher in the CKD models compared with those in the normal group (P