22 results on '"Hwang-Ju Jeon"'
Search Results
2. Synergistic Effects and Toxic Mechanism of Phosphine with Ethyl Formate against Citrus Mealybug (Planococcus citri)
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Chaeeun Kim, Kyeongnam Kim, Hwang-Ju Jeon, Tae Hyung Kwon, Sung-Eun Lee, Jung-eun Park, Yong Ho Lee, Jeong Oh Yang, Byung Ho Lee, and Min-Goo Park
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Technology ,QH301-705.5 ,QC1-999 ,Fumigation ,Ethyl formate ,anti-resistance strategy ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,law ,Quarantine ,Planococcus citri ,methyl bromide alternatives ,General Materials Science ,Mealybug ,Biology (General) ,Instrumentation ,QD1-999 ,phospholipids ,Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,biology ,Chemistry ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,quarantine pest ,dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase ,Physics ,General Engineering ,biology.organism_classification ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Acute toxicity ,Computer Science Applications ,Horticulture ,PEST analysis ,TA1-2040 ,Phosphine - Abstract
Methyl bromide (MB) has been used in a wide range of applications, but since it was determined to be an ozone-depleting compound, it has only been used for pre-shipment and quarantine purposes in trade. Phosphine (PH3) is currently the ideal fumigant as an MB alternative worldwide. However, the development of PH3 resistance in the target insect pest and longer PH3 fumigation treatment times raise questions about the continued use of PH3. This study attempted to shorten treatment time via combination treatment with ethyl formate (EF). Planococcus citri was used as the main quarantine pest in Korea, and the acute toxicity of EF, PH3, and EF + PH3 was determined at every developmental stage. EF treatment at 4 h showed LCT99 values of 45.85~65.43 mg∙h/L, and PH3 treatment at 20 h showed that of 0.13~0.83 mg∙h/L depending on the developmental stage. The efficacy of PH3 decreased after reducing the treatment time, but synergistic effects were observed at all stages of development of P. citri when both fumigants were used simultaneously for 4 h. After combined treatment, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase expression and the production of two phospholipids, PI(O-16:0) and PC(18:2), were significantly reduced in treated P. citri adults compared with the control. Therefore, combined treatments might be key to reducing the treatment time and resistance of PH3 in the field.
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- 2021
3. Physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities and microbial communities of Ethiopian honey wine, Tej
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Min A Kim, Yeong-Jun Park, Hundessa Dessalegn Demsash, Shimelis Admassu Emire, Setu Bazie Tagele, Eskindir Getachew Fentie, Jae-Ho Shin, Sung-Eun Lee, Minsoo Jeong, and Hwang-Ju Jeon
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Wine ,biology ,DPPH ,Microbiota ,Titratable acid ,Honey ,biology.organism_classification ,Antioxidants ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Lactobacillus ,Fermentation ,Food science ,Sample collection ,Rhamnus prinoides ,Ethiopia ,Sugar ,Food Science - Abstract
Ethiopian honey wine, Tej, is spontaneously fermented traditional alcoholic beverage, usually made from honey and “gesho” (Rhamnus prinoides). Till now, limited amount of information is available on the characterization of Tej. Thus, the aim of this paper is to reveal the microbiological diversity and physicochemical properties of Tej samples collected from different areas of Ethiopia. High-throughput sequencing, electrochemical and chromatographic techniques, and spectrophotometric methods were used to achieve these objectives. Although there was a statistical difference in the exact values of physicochemical properties between the collected Tej samples, the pH and titratable acidity values of the samples ranged from 2.8 to 3.8 and from 1.81 to 8.65 g/L, respectively. Similarly, the alcohol and sugar contents of the samples were in the range of 6.36 to 11.34 g/100 mL and from 0.37 to 31.6 g/L, respectively. Moreover, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt (ABTS) values of the samples were in the range of 37.9 to 81.0% and 27.4 to 73.1%, respectively. Furthermore, microbial community structure was predominated by a few fermentative microorganisms. Specifically, the bacterial community structure was dominated by the genera of Lactobacillus (53.15%) and Zymomonas (38.41%). Whereas, the fungal community structure was exclusively dominated by genus of Saccharomyces (99.66%). Additionally, Lactobacillus, Zymomonas and Saccharomyces were the detected core microbiome for the collected Tej samples. Both bacterial and fungal communities had shown no statistically significant differences in alpha diversity analysis based on the area of sample collection. However, the bacterial communities had a statically significant difference in Unweighted Unifrac beta diversity analysis. Generally, the observed shared physicochemical characteristic features and the dominance by certain group of microorganisms might be seen as a boon for the development of direct fermentation system to this traditional alcoholic beverage.
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- 2021
4. Simultaneous determination of 13 mycotoxins in feedstuffs using QuEChERS extraction
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Sung-Eun Lee, Hyo-min Heo, Min-Kyu Park, Joon-Kwan Moon, Hyeong-Wook Jo, Sung-Deuk Choi, and Hwang-Ju Jeon
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Fumonisin B2 ,0303 health sciences ,Fumonisin B1 ,Animal health ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Extraction (chemistry) ,food and beverages ,Contamination ,Quechers ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,0104 chemical sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Food science ,Mycotoxin ,Zearalenone ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by various fungi and are known to have a significant negative impact on human and animal health. When feedstuffs are contaminated with mycotoxins, their toxicities may be caused a variety of diseases. In this study, the residual mycotoxins in feedstuffs were analyzed using LC–MS/MS incorporated with QuEChERS extraction. Analytical method validation was performed for LOD, LOQ, linearity, and recoveries with consideration of matrix effects prior to the residual analysis. They were all reached to the accepted range of validation level. Using 39 feedstuff samples (5 g) for mycotoxin analysis, nine samples were contaminated by four major mycotoxins such as fumonisin B1 (FB1), deoxynivalenol, fumonisin B2, and zearalenone. Among them, FB1 was detected at the highest concentration as 18.0943 mg/kg. The total sum of fumonisins in 39 samples did not exceed the maximum residual level (MRL) criterion set by Korean Food and Drug Administration. Altogether, intensive management of mycotoxins in Korean feedstuffs should be implemented with proper and routine monitoring, even their residual concentrations are not exceeded over the MRL levels because of high frequent detection found in this study.
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- 2021
5. Transcriptomic evaluation on methyl bromide-induced phytotoxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana and its mode of phytotoxic action via the occurrence of reactive oxygen species and uneven distribution of auxin hormones
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Chaeeun Kim, Yoon Ha Kim, Jeong Oh Yang, Kyeongnam Kim, Jungeun Park, Hwang-Ju Jeon, Young Ju Park, and Sung-Eun Lee
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Environmental Engineering ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Arabidopsis ,02 engineering and technology ,Oxidative phosphorylation ,010501 environmental sciences ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Auxin ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Arabidopsis thaliana ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Reactive oxygen species ,biology ,Indoleacetic Acids ,Chemistry ,Arabidopsis Proteins ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Glutathione ,Malondialdehyde ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Hormones ,Hydrocarbons, Brominated ,Biochemistry ,Phytotoxicity ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Transcriptome ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
The increase in worldwide trade has caused the quality maintenance of commercialized agriproducts to be crucial in keeping its economic value. In recent years, methyl bromide (MB) has been used dominantly during quarantine and pre-shipment, despite it being an environmental hazard with global repercussions. Through this study, it was shown that Arabidopsis thaliana’s 2 h exposure to the MB treatment displayed no signs of phytotoxicity, whereas its 4 h exposure significantly interfered with growth. The transcriptomic analysis found the molecular modifications in A. thaliana after the MB fumigation with the up-regulation of genes specifically relative to the abiotic and oxidative stress, and the down-regulation of auxin transporter genes. Some important gene expressions were verified by RT-qPCR and their expression patterns were similar. Oxidative stresses via the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in relation to MB phytotoxicity were confirmed with the increased malondialdehyde in MB-4h-treated A. thaliana. Uneven distribution of auxins via lower expression of auxin transporter genes was also determined using UPLC-ESI-QqQ MS. Application of two ROS scavengers such as N-acetyl-cysteine and L -glutathione minimized MB phytotoxic effect in A. thaliana. Therefore, MB caused severe oxidative stress, and alternatives regarding the use of MB should be considered.
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- 2021
6. Molecular Mechanisms of Anti-Melanogenic Gedunin Derived from Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica) Using B16F10 Mouse Melanoma Cells and Early-Stage Zebrafish
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Hwang-Ju Jeon, Chaeeun Kim, Tae-Oh Kim, Myoung-Jin Kim, Kyeongnam Kim, and Sung-Eun Lee
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0301 basic medicine ,microphthalmia-associated transcription factor ,animal structures ,Tyrosinase ,adrenocorticotropic hormone ,Human skin ,Plant Science ,tyrosinase ,Article ,tyrosinase-related protein 2 ,tyrosinase-related protein 1 ,Melanin ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,melanocortin 1 receptor ,ASP ,cAMP response element ,0302 clinical medicine ,DQ ,agouti signaling protein ,α-MSH ,cAMP ,MC1R ,Zebrafish ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,cyclic adenosine monophosphate ,TYR ,MITF ,Ecology ,biology ,integumentary system ,CREB ,Botany ,biology.organism_classification ,Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor ,α-melanocyte stimulating hormone ,ACTH ,dopaquinone ,030104 developmental biology ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,QK1-989 ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,TRP-1 ,Tyrosinase-related protein-2 ,TRP-2 ,Kojic acid ,Melanocortin 1 receptor - Abstract
Melanogenesis represents a series of processes that produce melanin, a protective skin pigment (against ultraviolet rays), and determines human skin color. Chemicals reducing melanin production have always been in demand in the cosmetic market because of skincare interests, such as whitening. The main mechanism for inhibiting melanin production is the inhibition of tyrosinase (TYR), a key enzyme for melanogenesis. Here, we evaluated gedunin (Ged), a representative limonoid, for its anti-melanogenesis action. Melanin production in vitro was stimulated by alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. Ged reduced α-MSH-stimulated melanin production, inhibiting TYR activity and protein amount. We confirmed this result in vivo in a zebrafish model for melanogenesis. There was no sign of toxicity and malformation of zebrafish embryos during development in all treated concentrations. Ged reduced the number of produced zebrafish embryo pigment dots and melanin contents of embryos. The highly active concentration of Ged (100 µM) was much lower than the positive control, kojic acid (8 mM). Hence, Ged could be a fascinating candidate for anti-melanogenesis reagents.
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- 2021
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7. Lignins and their close derivatives produced by biorefinery processes for the treatment of human diseases
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Kyeongnam Kim, Sung-Eun Lee, Ja Kyong Ko, Soo Rin Kim, and Hwang-Ju Jeon
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fungi ,food and beverages ,Renewable fuels ,engineering.material ,Raw material ,Biorefinery ,Pulp and paper industry ,complex mixtures ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Cellulosic ethanol ,engineering ,Lignin ,Pharmaceutics ,Food material ,Biopolymer - Abstract
Lignin is a biopolymer by-product of cellulosic waste in the paper and renewable fuel industries and can be a cheap raw material for producing high-value-added materials. These value-added products can be used in various industries, such as agriculture, food materials, fine chemicals, animal husbandry, and cosmetics. Recently, various properties of lignin and its derivatives have been explored to develop drugs for the treatment of human diseases, including microbial and viral infection, oxidative stress, metabolic disorders, and cancers. For this regard, advanced techniques are introduced to degrade lignin properly into monomers to express high selectivity for securing human diseases by the composition of the monomers. In this review, we will introduce new applications of lignin and its derivatives in pharmaceutics as a result of its prominent biological activities by selectively cleaving or modifying the lignin polymer.
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- 2021
8. Developmental toxicity of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) and endosulfan sulfate derived from insecticidal active ingredients: Abnormal heart formation by 3-PBA in zebrafish embryos
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Kyeongnam Kim, Chaeeun Kim, Joon-Kwan Moon, Sung-Eun Lee, Myoung-Jin Kim, Jungeun Park, and Hwang-Ju Jeon
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animal structures ,Heart malformation ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Danio ,Developmental toxicity ,Environmental pollution ,Andrology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,parasitic diseases ,GE1-350 ,Heart formation ,Zebrafish ,Endosulfan ,EC50 ,Pyrethroid ,3-phenoxy benzoic acid ,biology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Seizure ,Pollution ,Endosulfan sulfate ,Environmental sciences ,TD172-193.5 ,chemistry ,Transgenic zebrafish - Abstract
Pyrethroid and organochlorine insecticides are enormously used to control agricultural and indoor insect pests. The metabolites of pyrethroid and endosulfan were used to evaluate environmental toxicities using a representative animal model, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos in this study. The LC50 values in 3-phenoxy benzoic acid (3-PBA) and endosulfan sulfate (ES) were 1461 μg/L and 1459 μg/L, respectively. At the concentration of 2000 μg/L, spine curvature was observed in the ES-treated embryos. ES showed seizure-like events with an EC50 value of 354 μg/L. At the concentration of 1000 μg/L, the pericardial edema was observed in 3-PBA-treated embryos. The inhibition of heart development and the reduction of beating rates were observed in Tg(cmlc2:EGFP) embryos after the exposure to 3-PBA. Down-regulation of the vmhc gene coding ventricular myosin during heart development was significantly found in 3-PBA-treated embryos at 48 hpf, but recovered afterward. It indicates that ventricular malformation occurred at the initial stage of 3-PBA exposure. Considered together, both 3-PBA and ES need public concerns with periodic monitoring of these metabolites in households and agricultural areas to prevent humans and environmental organisms from their unexpected attacks.
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- 2021
9. Naturally occurring Piper plant amides potential in agricultural and pharmaceutical industries: perspectives of piperine and piperlongumine
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Kyeongnam Kim, Sung-Eun Lee, Yong-Deuk Kim, and Hwang-Ju Jeon
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0303 health sciences ,Piper ,Future studies ,biology ,Traditional medicine ,business.industry ,fungi ,Organic Chemistry ,food and beverages ,Agricultural pest ,Piperaceae ,biology.organism_classification ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Plant disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,chemistry ,Agriculture ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Piperine ,business ,Piperlongumine ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Piperaceae plants consist of about 3600 species, of which about 2000 are Piper plants. Their habitat is distributed across pantropical regions. The representative plant is Piper nigrum, known as black pepper. These plants have been widely used in folk medicine in Korean traditional medicine. This review collected papers identifying and separating the amides obtained from these Piper plants, with a focus on Piper amides potential to control the production and growth of fungal strains that cause plant disease and their insecticidal properties against agricultural pests. Piper amide benefits include antiaflatoxigenic activities, antiparasitic activities, anticancer properties, antiplatelet activities, and anti-inflammatory activities, among other therapeutic properties for the treatment of human diseases. In addition, this review paper provides a total synthesis study on the mass production of Piper amides and their derivatives, with a formulation study for industrial use. This review paper is designed to help inform future studies on Piper amide applications.
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- 2019
10. Antimelanogenic activities of piperlongumine derived from Piper longum on murine B16F10 melanoma cells in vitro and zebrafish embryos in vivo: its molecular mode of depigmenting action
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Hwang Ju Jeon, Kyeongnam Kim, Yong Deuk Kim, and Sung-Eun Lee
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0301 basic medicine ,biology ,Cell growth ,Organic Chemistry ,Pharmacology ,Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor ,biology.organism_classification ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,In vitro ,Melanin ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,chemistry ,In vivo ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Kojic acid ,Zebrafish ,Piperlongumine - Abstract
In this study, the antimelanogenic activity of piperlongumine in murine B16F10 melanoma cells and zebrafish was investigated, and its mode of antimelanogenic action was elucidated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. A melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH, 200 nM) was used to induce melanin production in B16F10 melanoma cells, and kojic acid (200 μM) was used as a positive control. Piperlongumine had no inhibitory effects on cell growth at the treated concentrations (3 and 6 μM), and it significantly reduced total melanin production. Piperlongumine decreased the expression of Mitf, Tyr, Trp-1, and Trp-2 and tyrosinase activity was also dramatically reduced by the piper amide addition under α-MSH treatment. With these findings, zebrafish embryos were used to confirm antimelanogenic activity of piperlongumine, and it showed the potent antimelanogenic activity at the concentration of 1 μM. Altogether, piperlongumine has potent antimelanogenic activity, and these results support it as a candidate for natural depigmentation agent in a cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
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- 2019
11. Molecular mechanisms of developmental toxicities of azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin toward zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos: Visualization of abnormal development using two transgenic lines
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Kyeongnam Kim, Chaeeun Kim, Sung-Eun Lee, Jungeun Park, Myoung-Jin Kim, Joon-Kwan Moon, Gayoung Kim, Hwang-Ju Jeon, and Hyeseung Choe
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Embryo, Nonmammalian ,animal structures ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Heart malformation ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Danio ,Developmental toxicity ,010501 environmental sciences ,Toxicology ,01 natural sciences ,Andrology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animals ,Zebrafish ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,biology ,Heart development ,Embryo ,General Medicine ,Strobilurins ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Pyrimidines ,chemistry ,Azoxystrobin ,Strobilurin ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
Azoxystrobin (AZ) and pyraclostrobin (PY) are strobilurin fungicides that inhibit fungal mitochondrial respiration. In this study, a representative model, zebrafish (Danio rerio), was used as a test species for acute and developmental toxicity. Survival and malformation rates were observed only PY-treated embryos, with an LC50 value of 77.75 ppb accompanied by a dramatic decrease in hatching rate, while AZ did not show great mortality. Morphological changes were observed in PY-treated embryos with the occurrence of pericadial edema at 25 ppb. A delay in growth was observed after treatment with pyraclostrobin at 50 ppb. Use of genetically engineered Tg(cmlc:EGFP) allowed fluorescence observation during heart development. PY interfered with normal heart development via upregulation of the nppa gene responsible for the expression of natriuretic peptides. Heart function was dramatically reduced as indicated by reduced heart rates. Increased expression of the nppa gene was also seen in AZ-treated embryos. The expression level of cyp24a1 was also up-regulated, while ugt1a1 and sult1st6 were down-regulated after treatment of zebrafish embryos with AZ or PY. Overall, strobilurin fungicides might inhibit normal heart formation and function within the range of concentrations tested.
- Published
- 2021
12. Acute toxicities of fluorene, fluorene-1-carboxylic acid, and fluorene-9-carboxylic acid on zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio): Molecular mechanisms of developmental toxicities of fluorene-1-carboxylic acid
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Kyeongnam Kim, Sung-Deuk Choi, Sang-Ryong Lee, Sung-Eun Lee, Yong-Chan Kim, Hwang-Ju Jeon, and Myoung-Jin Kim
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Embryo, Nonmammalian ,animal structures ,Environmental Engineering ,CYP3A ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Carboxylic acid ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Carboxylic Acids ,Danio ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine ,Animals ,Environmental Chemistry ,Yolk sac ,Zebrafish ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Fluorenes ,biology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Acute toxicity ,020801 environmental engineering ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,embryonic structures ,Toxicity ,Xenobiotic ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
In this study, fluorene (FL), FL-1-carboxylic acid (FC-1), and FL-9-carboxylic acid (FC-9) were investigated to understand their acute toxicity by measuring inhibitory effects on hatching rates and developmental processes of zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). For exposure concentrations up to 3000 μg/L, FC-1 alone showed acute toxicity at 1458 μg/L for LC50 value. FC-1 caused yolk sac and spinal deformities, and pericardial edema. Molecular studies were undertaken to understand FC-1 toxicity examining 61 genes after exposure to 5 μM (equivalent to LC20 value of FC-1) in embryos. In the FC-1-treated embryos, the expression of the cyp7a1 gene, involved in bile acid biosynthesis, was dramatically decreased, while the expression of the Il-1β gene involved in inflammation was remarkably increased. In addition to these findings, in FC-1-treated embryos, the expression of nppa gene related to the differentiation of the myocardium was 3-fold increased. On the other hand, cyp1a, cyp3a, ugt1a1, abcc4, mdr1, and sult1st1 responsible for detoxification of xenobiotics were upregulated in FC-9-treated embryos. Taken together, carboxylation on carbon 1 of FL increased acute toxicity in zebrafish embryos, and its toxicity might be related to morphological changes with modification of normal biological functions and lowered defense ability.
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- 2020
13. Biomarkers indicate mixture toxicities of fluorene and phenanthrene with endosulfan toward earthworm (Eisenia fetida)
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Kyeongnam Kim, Tae Hoon Nam, Hwang Ju Jeon, Sung-Deuk Choi, Sung-Eun Lee, Yong Sik Ok, and Leesun Kim
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0301 basic medicine ,Eisenia fetida ,Environmental Engineering ,Complex Mixtures ,010501 environmental sciences ,Fluorene ,01 natural sciences ,Carboxylesterase ,Toxicology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Toxicity Tests, Acute ,Animals ,Soil Pollutants ,Environmental Chemistry ,Oligochaeta ,Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ,Phospholipids ,Endosulfan ,Glutathione Transferase ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Water Science and Technology ,Fluorenes ,biology ,General Medicine ,Phenanthrenes ,Phenanthrene ,biology.organism_classification ,Soil contamination ,Acute toxicity ,030104 developmental biology ,Gene Expression Regulation ,chemistry ,Eisenia ,Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ,Environmental chemistry ,Toxicity ,Acetylcholinesterase ,Biomarkers - Abstract
α-Endosulfan and some polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) are persistent in the environment and can reach crop products via contaminated agricultural soils. They may even be present as mixtures in the soil and induce mixture toxicity in soil organisms such as earthworms. In this study, the combined toxicities of PAHs with α-endosulfan were determined in Eisenia fetida adults using an artificial soil system. α-Endosulfan and five PAHs were tested for their acute toxicity toward E. fetida in artificial soils. Only α-endosulfan, fluorene, and phenanthrene showed acute toxicities, with LC50 values of 9.7, 133.2, and 86.2 mg kg−1, respectively. A mixture toxicity assay was conducted using α-endosulfan at LC10 and fluorene or phenanthrene at LC50 in the artificial soils. Upon exposure to the mixture of fluorene and α-endosulfan, earthworms were killed in increasing numbers owing to their synergistic effects, while no other mixture showed any additional toxicity toward the earthworms. Along with the acute toxicity results, the biochemical and molecular changes in the fluorene- and phenanthrene-treated earthworms with or without α-endosulfan treatment demonstrated that enhancement of glutathione S-transferase activity was dependent on the addition of PAH chemicals, and the HSP70 gene expression increased with the addition of α-endosulfan. Taken together, these findings contribute toward understanding the adverse effects of pollutants when present separately or in combination with other types of chemicals.
- Published
- 2016
14. Pesticide-Originated Persistent Organic Pollutants in Agricultural Waterways in Chungcheong Province, Korea
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Hoi-Seon Lee, Hwa-Sung Lee, Sung-Eun Lee, and Hwang-Ju Jeon
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Pollutant ,business.industry ,Organic Chemistry ,Bioengineering ,Fractionation ,Pesticide ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Triadimefon ,Column chromatography ,chemistry ,Agriculture ,Chlorpyrifos ,Environmental chemistry ,Gas chromatography ,business - Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including banned organochlorine pesticides, are found in Korean agricultural environments. Their translocation from agricultural environment to major crops has been reported. In this study, the POPs in 15 different agricultural waters of the Chungchung Province were monitored and all samples were prepared, followed by liquid- liquid fractionation and column chromatography prior to analysis using gas chromatography. Among pesticide-originated persistent organic pollutants, α-endosulfan was determined in the range of 0.01 to 1.13 ng/mL. β-Endosulfan was determined in the range of 0.01 to 0.55 ng/mL, and endosulfan sulfate was ranged from 0.13 to 1.13 ng/mL. The total sum of endosulfans reached the range of 0.38 to 1.18 ng/mL. Three pesticides being used currently were also found in samples as 2.03−2.05 ng/mL for triadimefon, 0.26− 0.33 ng/mL for tolyfluanid, and 1.34−3.85 ng/mL for chlorpyrifos. Taken together, endosulfans were introduced in the agricultural waters and their fates need continuous monitoring.
- Published
- 2015
15. B-cell translocation gene 2 enhances fibroblast growth factor 21 production by inducing Kruppel-like factor 15
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Sung-Eun Lee, Balachandar Nedumaran, Seung-Lark Hwang, Yong Deuk Kim, Hwang-Ju Jeon, Yong Hyun Jeon, and Kyeongsoon Kim
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,FGF21 ,Transcription, Genetic ,Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors ,lcsh:Medicine ,Chromosomal translocation ,KLF15 ,Article ,Cell Line ,Immediate-Early Proteins ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Mediator ,Transcription (biology) ,Gene silencing ,Animals ,lcsh:Science ,Promoter Regions, Genetic ,Author Correction ,Multidisciplinary ,BTG2 ,Forskolin ,Tumor Suppressor Proteins ,lcsh:R ,Colforsin ,Fasting ,Cell biology ,Up-Regulation ,Fibroblast Growth Factors ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Liver ,Hepatocytes ,lcsh:Q ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone that is vital for the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. In the present study, we report that Kruppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) is a novel mediator of b-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2)-induced FGF21 biosynthesis. The expression levels of hepatic Fgf21, Btg2, and Klf15, and the production of serum FGF21 increased significantly in fasted and forskolin (FSK)-treated mice. The overexpression of Btg2 using an adenoviral delivery system elevated FGF21 production by upregulating Klf15 transcription. Interaction studies indicated that BTG2 was co-immunoprecipitated with KLF15 and recruited by the Fgf21 promoter. The disruption of hepatic Btg2 and Klf15 genes markedly attenuated the induction of Fgf21 expression and FGF21 biosynthesis in fasted mice. Similarly, the FSK-mediated induction of Fgf21 promoter activity was strikingly ablated by silencing of Btg2 and Klf15. Taken together, these findings suggest that KLF15 and BTG2 are mediators of fasting-induced hepatic FGF21 expression. Therefore, targeting BTG2 and KLF15 might be a therapeutically important strategy for combat metabolic dysfunction.
- Published
- 2018
16. Chlorpyrifos-induced biomarkers in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)
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Myoung-Jin Kim, Hyoung ho Mo, Kijong Cho, Yongeun Kim, Yong Sik Ok, Yong Ho Lee, Sung-Eun Lee, Tae Wan Kim, Hwang Ju Jeon, and Mohammad I. Al-Wabel
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Fish Proteins ,0301 basic medicine ,Insecticides ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Oryzias ,macromolecular substances ,010501 environmental sciences ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Toxicology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Carboxylesterase ,polycyclic compounds ,Animals ,Environmental Chemistry ,Ecotoxicology ,Glutathione Transferase ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Organophosphate ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Japanese Medaka ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Acute toxicity ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Chlorpyrifos ,Toxicity ,Acetylcholinesterase ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CHL) is an organophosphate compound that is widely used as an insecticide. Due to its repeated use and high environmental residual property, CHL is frequently passed into aquatic environments by runoff. Consequently, there may be an adverse effect on aquatic vertebrate animals, including fish. Therefore, in this study, we assessed how CHL affected Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). The acute toxicity of CHL in adult fish after 96 h of exposure was determined to be 212.50, 266.79, and 412.28 μg L(-1) (LC25, LC50, and LC95, respectively). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and carboxylesterase (CE) activities were obtained from the livers of dead or surviving fish, and the results showed 4.8-fold lower, 4.5-fold higher, and 18.6-fold lower activities for the AChE, GST, and CE, respectively, for 64-h exposure at a concentration of 400 μg L(-1) of CHL. In the embryo toxicity test, curved spines were observed in embryos that were exposed to CHL for 48 h in a concentration-dependent manner. With identification of biomarkers for CHL in the fish, two protein peaks, 5550.86 and 5639.79 m/z, were found to be upregulated. These two proteins can be used as protein biomarkers for CHL contamination in aquatic systems. A phosphatidyl choline with an m/z ratio of 556.32 dramatically decreased after CHL exposure in the fish; thus, it may be considered as a lipid biomarker for CHL. It is assumed as the first report to identify a phospholipid biomarker using a lipidomics approach in fish toxicology. Taken together, these results demonstrated the adverse effects of CHL on Japanese medaka and reveal several candidate biomarkers that can be used as diagnostic tools for determining CHL.
- Published
- 2015
17. Highly selective biomarkers for pesticides developed in Eisenia fetida using SELDI-TOF MS
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In Kyung Bae, Sung-Eun Lee, Eun-Sil Park, Yongeun Kim, Hwang-Ju Jeon, and Doo-San Park
- Subjects
Eisenia fetida ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Protein Array Analysis ,Carbaryl ,Propoxur ,Toxicology ,Captan ,Carboxylesterase ,Carbofuran ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animals ,Oligochaeta ,Pesticides ,Endosulfan ,Pharmacology ,Chromatography ,Pesticide residue ,biology ,General Medicine ,Pesticide ,biology.organism_classification ,Acetylcholinesterase ,Enzyme assay ,chemistry ,Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ,biology.protein ,Chlorpyrifos ,Biomarkers - Abstract
The repeated use of pesticides, and their subsequent residues, has contributed to severe adverse effects on the environment, including risks to human health. Therefore, it is important to assess the quality of the environment to ensure it remains free from pesticide residues. The six pesticides tested in this study showed high mortality on Eisenia fetida with LC 50 values ranging from 7.7 to 37.9 g L −1 . The strongest lethal effect resulted from the organochlorine insecticide endosulfan (LC 50 = 7.7 g L −1 ). Following exposure to the carbamate pesticides, acetylcholinesterase activity in E. fetida decreased dramatically in comparison to the control. Carboxylesterase activity was only lowered in E. fetida exposed to propoxur, when compared to the control. The remaining five pesticides had no significant effect on carboxylesterase activity in E. fetida . In order to discover pesticide-specific biomarkers with differentially expressed proteins after exposure to pesticides, protein patterns of pesticide-treated E. fetida were analyzed using SELDI-TOF MS with Q10 ProteinChips. Protein patterns were compared with their intensities at the same mass-to-charge ratios ( m / z ). All 42 peaks had intensities with associated p -values less than 0.089, and 40 of these peaks had associated p -values of 0.05. Using SELDI-TOF MS technology, selective biomarkers for the six pesticides tested were found in E. fetida ; four proteins with 5425, 5697, 9523, and 9868 m / z were consistently observed in the earthworms following exposure to the carbamates.
- Published
- 2015
18. Combined toxicity of endosulfan and phenanthrene mixtures and induced molecular changes in adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
- Author
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Hwang Ju Jeon, Patryk Oleszczuk, Daniel C.W. Tsang, Kyeongnam Kim, Hoi-Seon Lee, Sung-Eun Lee, Sung-Deuk Choi, and Yong Sik Ok
- Subjects
Male ,Aging ,Insecticides ,Environmental Engineering ,CYP3A ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Danio ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Pharmacology ,Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase ,01 natural sciences ,Carboxylesterase ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ,Gene expression ,Environmental Chemistry ,Animals ,Zebrafish ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Glutathione Transferase ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,biology ,Chemistry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Drug Synergism ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Glutathione ,Phenanthrenes ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Acetylcholinesterase ,Toxicity ,Female ,Endosulfan ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
Individual and combined toxicities of endosulfan (ENDO) with phenanthrene (PHE) were evaluated using zebrafish (Danio rerio) adults. The 96-h LC50 values for ENDO and PHE were 4.6 μg L−1 and 920 μg L−1, respectively. To evaluate the mixture toxicity, LC10 and LC50 concentrations were grouped into four combinations as ENDO-LC10 + PHE-LC10, ENDO-LC10 + PHE-LC50, ENDO-LC50 + PHE-LC10, and ENDO-LC50 + PHE-LC50, and their acute toxicities were determined. The combination of LC50-ENDO and LC10-PHE exhibited a synergistic effect. In addition, acetylcholinesterase activity decreased in zebrafish bodies exposed to ENDO with or without PHE. Combined treatments induced higher glutathione S-transferase activity compared to individual treatments. Carboxylesterase activity increased in both heads and bodies of ENDO-treated fishes compared with PHE-treated fishes. Using RT-qPCR technique, CYP1A gene expression significantly up-regulated in all combinations, whereas CYP3A was unchanged, suggesting that enzymes involved in defense may play different roles in the detoxification. CYP7A1 gene responsible for bile acid biosynthesis is dramatically down-regulated after exposure to the synergistic combination exposure, referring that the synergistic effect may be resulted from the reduction of bile production in zebrafishes. Among gender-related genes, CYP11A1 and CYP17A1 genes in female zebrafish decreased after treatment with ENDO alone and combination of LC50-ENDO and LC10-PHE. This might be related to a reduction in cortisol production. The overall results indicated that ENDO and PHE were toxic to zebrafish adults both individually and in combination, and that their co-presence induced changes in the expression of genes responsible for metabolic processes and defense mechanisms.
- Published
- 2017
19. Limonoid derivatives and its pesticidal activities
- Author
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In Kyung Bae, Hwang Ju Jeon, Eun Sil Park, and Sung-Eun Lee
- Subjects
Meliaceae ,Traditional medicine ,Khaya anthotheca ,Limonin ,Plutella ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Limonoid ,Fungicide ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Insect Science ,Botany ,medicine ,Mancozeb ,Puccinia recondita ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Diverse pesticidal activities of anthothecol derived from Khaya anthotheca (Meliaceae) and three limonoids (gedunin, limonin and obacunone) were determined using six phytopathogenic fungi and four insect pests. Anthothecol showed fungicidal activity to Puccinia recondita with control rates of 90, 76 and 53% at concentrations 0.5, 0.25 and 0.1 mg/mL, respectively, while the other limonoids exhibited little inhibitory effect on the fungal survival. The currently used fungicide mancozeb possessed potent fungicidal activity on P. recondite, with 92.3% controlling effect at a concentration of 0.005 mg/mL. Anthothecol exhibited larvicidal activity to Plutella xylostella with 80, 50 and 30% mortality at concentrations of 1.0, 0.5 and 0.25 mg/mL, respectively. Anthothecol showed selective pesticidal activity on P. recondita and P. xylostella. Structural re-examination of anthothecol was conducted and is reported.
- Published
- 2014
20. Genomic and phenotypic analyses of Serratia fonticola strain GS2: a rhizobacterium isolated from sesame rhizosphere that promotes plant growth and produces N-acyl homoserine lactone
- Author
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Abdur Rahim Khan, Yeong-Jun Park, Gun-Seok Park, Sung-Jun Hong, Chang Eon Park, Jae-Ho Shin, Byung Kwon Jung, Hwang-Ju Jeon, and Sung-Eun Lee
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Serratia ,Homoserine ,Bioengineering ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Genome ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Plasmid ,4-Butyrolactone ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,Whole genome sequencing ,Strain (chemistry) ,biology ,food and beverages ,Quorum Sensing ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Quorum sensing ,030104 developmental biology ,N-Acyl homoserine lactone ,Phenotype ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Rhizosphere ,Bacteria ,Genome, Bacterial ,Biotechnology ,Plasmids - Abstract
The genus Serratia incorporates many agriculturally important species. Serratia fonticola strain GS2, isolated from a sesame rhizosphere, can produce N -acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing signal molecules and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Here we report the complete genome sequence and phenotypic characteristics based on genomic information of this bacterium. The complete genome sequence of S. fonticola strain GS2 consists of a chromosome of 6.1 Mbp and two plasmids of 132 kbp and 94 kbp. The genome clusters for IAA and N -acyl homoserine lactone biosynthesis were identified in the genome. Subsequently, the Salkowski test and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis also revealed that the strain GS2 produces indolic compounds (27.1 μg mL −1 ) and IAA (6.7 μg mL −1 ) in its culture broth. HPLC analysis confirmed that the strain GS2 produced the quorum sensing signal molecules N -hexanoyl- L -homoserine lactone and N -octanoyl- L -homoserine lactone. This new information on the genome sequence and phenotype features will inform future ecological studies related to plant-microbe interactions.
- Published
- 2016
21. Synthesis and Pesticidal Activities of 5-(2-Cyclopropylaminopyrimidin-4-yl)-4-(thiophenyl)thiazole Derivatives
- Author
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In-Kyung Bae, Eun-Sil Park, Il-Doo Kim, Won-Sik Choi, Seok-Woo Nam, Sung-Eun Lee, Hwang-Ju Jeon, Kun-Ho Park, and Seung-Han Kim
- Subjects
Antifungal ,biology ,Culex pipiens pallens ,Article Subject ,Chemistry ,Stereochemistry ,medicine.drug_class ,General Chemistry ,biology.organism_classification ,Fungicide ,lcsh:Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Phytophthora capsici ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Mosquito larvae ,medicine ,Thiazole ,EC50 - Abstract
Pesticidal activities of 4-[5-(2-cyclopropylaminopyrimidin-4-yl)-4-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)thiazol-2-yl]-1-methylpiperidine, designated as Comp I, have been determined against a mosquito larva,Culex pipiens pallens, and a phytopathogenic fungus,Phytophthora capsici. Comp I was used as the leading compound in this study. The compounds were synthesized by reacting them with two functional groups, 3-thiophenyl and 2-thiophenyl groups, instead of 4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl group in Comp I. Other functional groups such as 2-aminothiazole, 2-(1-methylpiperazin-4-yl)thiazole, and 2-(piperazin-4-yl)thiazole were also introduced instead of 2-methylpiperidin-4-yl-thiazole of Comp I. Compounds designated as XIII-6~XV-7 were newly synthesized and their structures were confirmed by1H- and13C-NMR spectroscopy. Mosquito larvicidal activities of all the synthesized compounds againstC. pipiens pallenswere examined and Comp I among them showed the strongest larvicidal activity as 0.513 mM of LC50value. The fungicidal activities of all the synthesized compounds againstP. capsiciwere examined using the whole plant method. Among the XIII-6~XV-7 chemicals, 5-(2-cyclopropylaminopyrimidin-4-yl)-4-(thiophen-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine (VIII-6) showed the most potent antifungal activityin vivo. While the EC50value of the commercial fungicide dimethomorph was 4.26 μM, EC50of VIII-6 was 0.94 μM. Therefore, thiazole derivatives can be considered as viable candidates for the control of mosquito larvae and plant diseases.
- Published
- 2015
22. Determination of biomarkers for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) toxicity to earthworm (Eisenia fetida)
- Author
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Hyung ho Mo, Sung-Eun Lee, Kijong Cho, Hwang Ju Jeon, Yong Sik Ok, and Tae Hoon Nam
- Subjects
Eisenia fetida ,Environmental Engineering ,Proteome ,Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ,Fluorene ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Environmental Chemistry ,Animals ,Soil Pollutants ,Oligochaeta ,Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ,General Environmental Science ,Water Science and Technology ,Fluoranthene ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Anthracenes ,Anthracene ,Fluorenes ,Pyrenes ,biology ,Earthworm ,General Medicine ,Phenanthrene ,Phenanthrenes ,biology.organism_classification ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Pyrene ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds are persistent, carcinogenic, and mutagenic. When PAHs enter agricultural soils through sewage sludge, they pose an environmental risk to soil organisms, including earthworms. Therefore, we aimed to determine the toxic effects of PAHs on earthworms. Five PAHs were used: fluorene, anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene. Only fluorene and phenanthrene exhibited toxicity (LC50 values 394.09 and 114.02 g L(-1), respectively) against the earthworm Eisenia fetida. None of the other PAHs tested in this study enhanced the mortality of adult earthworm until the concentrations reached to 1000 g L(-1). After exposure to PAHs, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in E. fetida decreased in a concentration-dependent manner, and phenanthrene exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on AChE, followed by fluorene. Activity of a representative detoxifying enzyme, carboxylesterase, was dramatically reduced in E. fetida exposed to all tested PAHs in comparison with that observed in the control test. The remaining glutathione S-transferase activity significantly decreased in E. fetida after exposure to PAHs. To profile small proteins
- Published
- 2014
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