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This study aims to enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity of the combination treatment of a drug and curcumin (Cur) on leukemic stem cell and leukemic cell lines, including KG-1a and KG-1 (FLT3+ LSCs), EoL-1 (FLT3+ LCs), and U937 (FLT3− LCs). The cytotoxicity of co-treatments of Dox or Ida at concentrations of the IC10 – IC80 values and each concentration of Cur at the IC20, IC30, IC40, and IC50 values (conditions 1, 2, 3, and 4) was determined by MTT assays. Dox–Cur and Ida-Cur increased cytotoxicity in leukemic cells. Dox–Cur co-treatment showed additive effects in several conditions. The effect of this co-treatment on FLT3 expression in KG-1a, KG-1, and EoL-1 cells was examined by Western blotting. Dox–Cur decreased FLT3 protein levels and total cell numbers in all the cell lines. By contrast, the FLT3 protein levels and total cell number after Cur treatment did not show significant differences as a result of the co-treatments. Dox–Cur decreased FLT3 protein expression in a dose dependent manner. In summary, Cur was the effective compound in inhibiting FLT3 protein expression. Co-treatment with Dox–Cur could enhance the cytotoxicity of Dox by inhibiting the proliferation of AML leukemic stem cells.

The preparation and modification of high effective Pd–Cu/C electrocatalysts toward ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) in alkaline solution are investigated. A simple strategy through atmosphere-induced surface/structural modification is applied to promote their electrochemical performance. The alterations of EOR activities, structures and surface species of the prepared catalysts induced by H2, O2 or CO treatments are analyzed by CV, XRD and XPS techniques, respectively. It is observed that the degree of Pd–Cu alloying, surface Pd oxidation, CO oxidation and EOR activity are all promoted by the CO treatment at 470 K and the current density at −0.2 V of the as-prepared sample is enhanced about 190% due to the formation of perfect alloy core/PdO shell structure. Keywords: Pd–Cu/C catalysts, CO treatment, Ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR), Degree of alloying, PdO, Alkaline solution

In this research, the effect of different concentrations of Nickel (0, 1.5 and 2.5 mM), Salicylic acid (0, 1 and 2 mM), Cobalt (0, 1 and 2 mM) and sucrose (0, 2.5%) on flower longevity, Acc-oxidase activity, anthocyanin leakage, microbial population, water uptake and SPAD value as a measure of leaf greenness of Lily was investigated. To evaluate the effect of these treatments, a study was carried out based on the randomized complete design with five replications. Results of this experiment showed that the best treatment in extending mM SA+2 mM Co with 2.5% sucrose. SA, Ni and Co decreased the anthocyanin leakage, whereas the highest concentrations of SA, Ni and Co reduced ACC-oxidase activity. The Maximum of chlorophyll content was observed for flower kept in solution containing 2 mM SA and 2 mM SA+ 2.5% sucrose compared to the control and solution containing Ni and Co. Ni and Co treatments had no positive effect on increasing the water uptake and fresh weight of Lily. Overall, the results suggest that SA, Ni, CO and sucrose increase the vase-life by improving the membrane stability and reducing the oxidative stress damages during Lily flower senescence.

Exploratory laboratory, greenhouse, and field experiments in 1961 and 1962 were used to study the cobalt (Co) nutrition of soybeans in Indiana. The Co treatments were applied by either seed or foliar methods. Co treatments greater than 36.8 mg/kg of seed applied to the seed as the sulfate salt produced chlorosis of the leaves and stunted the young seedlings. Mild chlorosis could be completely corrected by adding Fe salts. A three-state survey conducted in Illinois, Iowa, and Indiana (1961) reported similar results with CoSO₄ seed treatment at the rate of 92 mg/kg seed. Between 48 and 65% of the 396 fields studied reported the development of chlorotic seedlings. A controlled field experiment conducted in 1961 showed only decreased yields from Co applied at the rate of 184 mg/kg seed, but a similar experiment conducted in 1962 with Co applied at the rate of 18.4 mg/kg showed increased yields in three of the five locations. However, none of these differences in the latter two tests were significant at the 5% level. In a later study direct evidence for the translocation of foliar applied Co to the nodules was obtained using Co