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Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reduction is a current hotspot for researchers and innovators owing to an abrupt increase in CO2 concentration in the ecosystem. The current focus of environmental eng...

PurposeVentilation is driven by weather conditions, occupant actions and mechanical ventilation, and so can be highly variable. This paper reports on the development of two analysis algorithms designed to facilitate investigation of ventilation in occupied homes over time.Design/methodology/approachThese algorithms facilitate application of the CO2 concentration decay tracer gas technique. The first algorithm identifies occupied periods. The second identifies periods of decaying CO2 concentration which can be assumed to meet the assumptions required for analysis.FindingsThe algorithms were successfully applied in four occupied dwellings, giving over 100 ventilation measurements during a six-month period for three flats. The specific implementation of the decay identification algorithm had important ramifications for the ventilation rates measured, highlighting the importance of interrogating the way that appropriate periods for analysis are identified.Practical implicationsThe analysis algorithms provide robust, reliable and repeatable identification of CO2 decay periods appropriate for ventilation rate analysis. The algorithms were coded in Python, and these have been made available via GitHub. As well as supporting future CO2 tracer gas experiments, the algorithms could be adapted to different purposes, including the use of other tracer gases or exploring occupant exposure to indoor air pollution.Originality/valueEmpirical investigations of ventilation in occupied dwellings rarely aim to investigate the variability of ventilation. This paper reports on analysis methods which can be used to address this gap in the empirical evidence.

Facing the global warming trend, humanity has been paying more and more attention to the Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage. Large amounts of CO2 is emitted with burning fossil fuel as well as by some special industrial processes like the decomposition of calcium carbonate in a cement plant. The cement industry contributes about 7% of the total worldwide CO2 emissions and the CO2 concentration of flue gas of the cement kiln tail even exceeds 30%. Ionic liquid is considered to be an effective and potential material to capture CO2. In order to investigate the performance of ionic liquids for capturing CO2 from flue gas of the cement kiln tail, an experiment system was established and an ionic liquid, [APMIm][NTf2] (1-aminopropyl-3-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imine), was tested using pure CO2 and simulated gas. The results showed that both physical and chemical absorption play roles while physical absorption dominates in the absorption process. Both the absorption capacity and rate decrease with raising the operating temperature. In the experiment with pure CO2, the absorption capacity is $$0.296\,{\rm{mo}}{{\rm{l}}_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}} \cdot {\rm{mo}}{{\rm{l}}_{{\rm{IL}}}}^{ - 1}$$ at 30°C and $$0.067\,{\rm{mo}}{{\rm{l}}_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}} \cdot {\rm{mo}}{{\rm{l}}_{{\rm{IL}}}}^{ - 1}$$ at 70°C. Meanwhile, the ionic liquid can be regenerated for recycling without obvious changes of the absorption capacity. When the ionic liquid is used for flue gas of the cement kiln tail rather than pure CO2, a sharp decrease of the absorption capacity and rate was observed obviously. The absorption capacity at 30°C dropped even to $$0.038\,{\rm{mo}}{{\rm{l}}_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}} \cdot {\rm{mo}}{{\rm{l}}_{{\rm{IL}}}}^{ - 1}$$ , 12.8% of that for pure CO2. Additionally, a natural desorption of CO2 from the ionic liquid was observed and affected the experimental results of the absorption capacity and the absorption-desorption rate to some extent.

Leaf isoprene emission rate, I, decreases with increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration with major implications for global change. There is a significant interspecific variability in [CO2 ]-responsiveness of I, but the extent of this variation is unknown and its reasons are not understood. We hypothesized that the magnitude of emission reduction reflects the size and changeability of precursor pools responsible for isoprene emission (dimethylallyl diphosphate, DMADP and 2-methyl-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate, MEcDP). Changes in I and intermediate pool sizes upon increase of [CO2 ] from 400 to 1500 μmol/mol were studied in nine woody species spanning boreal to tropical ecosystems. I varied 10-fold, total substrate pool size 37-fold and the ratio of DMADP/MEcDP pool sizes 57-fold. At higher [CO2 ], I was reduced on average by 65%, but [CO2 ]-responsiveness varied an order of magnitude across species. The increase in [CO2 ] resulted in concomitant reductions in both substrate pools. The variation in [CO2 ]-responsiveness across species scaled with the reduction in pool sizes, the substrate pool size supported and the share of DMADP in total substrate pool. This study highlights a major interspecific variation in [CO2 ]-responsiveness of isoprene emission and conclusively links this variation to interspecific variability in [CO2 ] effects on substrate availability and intermediate pool size.

The emission rate of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) depends on many factors but mainly on the activity level (metabolic rate) of occupants. In this study, we examined two other factors that may influence the CO2 emission rate, namely the background CO2 concentration and the indoor temperature. Six male volunteers sat one by one in a 1.7 m3 chamber for 2.5 h and performed light office-type work under five different conditions with two temperature levels (23 vs. 28°C) and three background concentrations of CO2 (800 vs. 1400 vs. 3000 ppm). Background CO2 levels were increased either by dosing CO2 from a cylinder or by reducing the outdoor air supply rate. Physiological responses to warmth, added CO2 , and bioeffluents were monitored. The rate of CO2 emission was estimated using a mass-balance equation. The results indicate a higher CO2 emission rate at the higher temperature, at which the subjects were warm, and a lower emission rate in all conditions in which the background CO2 concentration increased. Physiological measurements partially explained the present results but more measurements are needed.

A global rise in CO2 concentration and temperature levels can impact the living part of the earth including the plants. Stevia or candy leaf (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is a medicinal aromatic plant that produces several useful chemical compounds. Studies were carried out in a fully automated greenhouse in order to determine the response of aromatic compounds of stevia leaves to different CO2 concentrations and temperature levels. This study had four treatments including (1) 26 ± 1/16 ± 1 °C day/night temperature plus 400 ± 50 ppm CO2 concentration [control], (2) 29 ± 1/19 ± 1 °C day/night temperature plus 600 ± 50 ppm CO2 concentration, (3) 32 ± 1/22 ± 1 °C day/night temperature plus 800 ± 50 ppm CO2 concentration and (4) 35 ± 1/25 ± 1 °C day/night temperature plus 1000 ± 50 ppm CO2 concentration. Results of the study showed that yield of total aromatic compounds ranged between 12.65 and 13.65 μg/g for stevia . Generally, concentrations of the compounds such as ketones, aldehydes and alcohols were decreased with increase in concentration of CO2 and temperature. Terpenes were the compounds whose concentrations were increased with increase in concentration of CO2 and temperature. The climatic conditions did not cause a significant change in the aromatic compounds of stevia.

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most important fruit crops of many tropical and sub-tropical countries of world which belongs to the family Anacardiaceae (Nakasone and Paul 1998 and Purseglove 1972). The experiment was carried out in Horticulture Garden of Bihar Agricultural College, Sabour during Rabi season with the objectives focused in this direction on the effect of GA3 application on physiological regulation of flowering and maturity in mango [Mangifera indica L.] cv. Langra. A critical analysis of data revealed that wide range of observation was observed on physiological traits. The traits such as photosynthetic rate (8.71 µmol/m2/sec) and internal CO2 concentration (283.80 ppm) was recorded with gibberellic acid @ 200 ppm while Stomatal conductance of leaf (0.163 µmol/m2/sec) was recorded at the time of stone formation stage. A wide range was observed with application of gibberellic acid on Physiological parameters.

In this study, 30 subjects were exposed to different combinations of air temperature (Ta : 24, 27, and 30°C) and CO2 level (8000, 10 000, and 12 000 ppm) in a high-humidity (RH: 85%) underground climate chamber. Subjective assessments, physiological responses, and cognitive performance were investigated. The results showed that as compared with exposure to Ta = 24°C, exposure to 30°C at all CO2 levels caused subjects to feel uncomfortably warm and experience stronger odor intensity, while increased mental effort and greater intensity of acute health symptoms were reported. However, no significant effects of Ta on task performance or physiological responses were found. This indicated that subjects had to exert more effort to maintain their performance in an uncomfortably warm environment. Increasing CO2 from 8000 to 12 000 ppm at all Ta caused subjects to report higher rates of headache, fatigue, agitation, and feeling depressed, although the results were statistically significant only at 24 and 27°C. The text typing performance and systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased significantly at this exposure, whereas diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and thermal discomfort increased significantly. These effects suggest higher arousal/stress. No significant interaction effect of Ta and CO2 concentration on human responses was identified.

The role of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in alleviating drought stress was investigated on Huangguogan. Except for intercellular CO2 concentration, MeJA had little effect on net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate under drought stress. Compared with drought stress, MeJA significantly alleviated the decrease of chlorophyll content. However, chlorophyll a/b ratio was significantly increased. MeJA significantly increased proline and soluble sugar contents, significantly decreased the O2 −· and H2O2 levels, and increased SOD and POD activities. In addition, the MDA content of drought stress was the highest of all treatments. MeJA significantly reduced MDA content in drought-stressed Huangguogan leaves. Although the Ascorbic acid (AsA) contents of 500 and 1000 mg L−1 MeJA treatments were lower than that of 250 mg L−1 MeJA, but all concentration of MeJA treatments delayed the decline of AsA content. Therefore, MeJA could induce drought stress tolerance by increasing the osmotic adjustment substances and antioxidant activities.

Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (e[CO2]) and soil water deficits have substantial effect on stomatal morphology and movement that regulate plant water relations and plant growth. e[CO2] could alleviate the impact of drought stress, thus contributing to crop yield. Xylem-borne abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in regulating stomatal aperture serving as first line of defence against drought; whereas e[CO2] may disrupt this fundamental drought adaptation mechanism by delaying the stomatal response to soil drying. We review the state-of-the-art knowledge on stomatal response to drought stress at e[CO2] and discuss the role of ABA in mediating these responses.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing CO2 concentration on the growth and the capability of Tetraselmis chui. in removal of nitrate, ammonium and phosphate from sh...

Rice residue including root and straw are unique carbon (C) source in paddy soils. However, the potential changes in quantity and chemical composition of rice residue under co-elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and air temperature (Tair) and the legacy effect of the changed chemical composition on residue decomposition have not been investigated. This study was conducted to investigate biomass, chemical composition, and decomposability of rice root and straw produced under elevated [CO2] and Tair. Root and straw biomass increased by elevated [CO2] and elevated Tair, respectively, and the greatest biomass was achieved under co-elevated [CO2]-Tair for both root and straw. The concentration of lignin (recalcitrant) decreased while that of nonstructural carbohydrates (less recalcitrant) increased by co-elevated [CO2]-Tair. The ratio of lignin-to-nitrogen (lignin/N) decreased by co-elevated [CO2]-Tair compared to ambient [CO2]-Tair due to increased N and decreased lignin concentrations. Decomposability of root (lignin/N, 36.4) produced under co-elevated [CO2]-Tair was greater than that under ambient co-elevated [CO2]-Tair (lignin/N, 53.7); however, there was no difference in decomposability for straw, which had relatively narrow range of lignin/N (27.3–36.5) regardless of [CO2]-Tair conditions. The results of this study provide a novel insight into the changes in quantity and quality of rice residue under elevated [CO2]-Tair that are necessary to predict changes in paddy soil C sequestration under global warming.

Early-age carbonation can make a significant difference in the formation of hydration products in cement-based materials and alter the microstructural and mechanical performances. To understand in detail the impacts and their contribution to cement hydration, dry-mix cement pastes were exposed to instant carbonation with 0.04 %, 1%, 3%, 10 %, 20 % CO2 concentrations for 2 h prior to further water curing. By increasing the CO2 concentration, an increment in strength gain of samples at 2 h (right after early carbonation) as well as being prolonged by water curing at 1, 3, 7 days was noticed. This agrees with TGA and XRD results, demonstrating that the increases in CO2 concentration resulted in a higher carbonation reaction and hydration degree. 29Si NMR results also indicate that the higher the CO2 concentration the lower the calcium to silica ratio (Ca/Si); thus, there is a higher degree of polymerization to promote early hydration. It can be concluded that early carbonation of 2 h in particular with a high CO2 concentration can be beneficial for further cement hydration due to the consumption of calcium hydroxide (CH) and nuclei site effect of calcite crystals, resulting in better microstructural properties and mechanical performance.

For a closed working environment, the CO2 content in the air in a closed space will rise continuously due to personnel breathing and some equipment or electronic devices, and even exceed the allowable content in the normal working environment. In order to prevent the CO2 content from exceeding the standard in the closed working environment, the method of low temperature liquefaction is used to separate the CO2 in the air. Through simulation calculation and comparison of key parameters of the process of using cascade liquefaction and nitrogen expansion liquefaction to reduce CO2 concentration in air, it is concluded that it is feasible to use cryogenic liquefaction method to separate carbon dioxide from air to purify air and improve air quality in confined space.

The rate of variations in the CO2 concentration in the atmospheric surface layer at different geographic locations in the late 20th century and early 21st century is considered. The series of monthly mean concentration at the GAW (Global Atmosphere Watch) monitoring stations are used. The average rates of CO2 concentration growth and their standard deviations are estimated for 64 stations for the above two time periods. It is shown that the growth rate insignificantly varies with latitude during the analyzed periods. However, the growth rate for almost every station in the second period substantially exceeds the value for the first period. Thus, there is a worldwide acceleration in the CO2 concentration growth despite the international efforts on the reduction of global anthropogenic emissions.

the article is dedicated to the research and development of intensive methods for curing products by capturing and binding CO2. It aims to improve and increase the productivity of technologies for the production of artificially carbonated building materials and products. Soda production wastes, limestone dust and finely dispersed limestone dust were used as the research objects. Secondary raw materials have been investigated using modern methods of phase composition and granulometry test. Intensive methods of production of accelerated carbonation of systems consisting of soda wastes were tested using multi-parameter optimization methods. The effects of recycled lime materials on the strength and hydrophysical properties of the obtained material were determined. The secondary raw materials effect depended on the composition of the raw mixture, molding conditions, CO2 concentration applied to the carbonate curing chamber, and the duration of exposure to environments with high CO2 content. It was found that the most effective way of providing accelerated carbonation curing of construction materials and products is a combined carbonation method, combining the principles of dynamic and static methods. It was concluded that the optimal CO2 concentration in the gas-air mixtures used for carbonate curing is 30%–40%.

Clean water is vital amid a disaster or disease outbreak-related emergency. This study aimed to evaluate an inventive emergency water treatment (EWT) process with the joint use of ferrate(VI) and ferric salts for production of drinking water in an emergency. Laboratory-scale batch studies were implemented to assess the effects of Fe(VI) : Fe(III) and overall Fe dose on the treatment performance. Results show that the decreasing Fe(VI) : Fe(III) ratio from 2 : 1 to 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 benefited bacterial inactivation, particulate removal, and abatement of aqueous Pb and As, but disfavored Cd alleviation in comparison with ferrate(VI) alone. At Fe(VI) : Fe(III) = 1 : 2, a higher iron dose (1.0–11.0 mg L−1) enhanced the treatment performance. The final pH could be well predicted based on chemical equilibrium calculations collectively governed by the Fe(VI) : Fe(III) ratio, overall Fe dose, initial pH, alkalinity, and atmospheric CO2 concentration. Afterwards, the combined Fe(VI)/Fe(III)-based EWT was examined in an innovative tea bag treatment design (Fe(VI) : Fe(III) = 1 : 2; total Fe = 11.0 mg L−1), which decreased total coliform (1.12 × 105 MPN per 100 mL) and E. coli (3.65 × 104 MPN per 100 mL) to undetectable levels, lowered the turbidity from 2.00 to 0.39 NTU, and reduced Pb, As, and Cd from 141, 48, and 53 μg L−1 to 8, 2, and 13 μg L−1, respectively. The estimated cost of the tea bag design was approximately $0.017 per 10 L of water, more economically competitive than existing EWT products with similar functions. The combined Fe(VI)/Fe(III) treatment represents an innovative, resilient, viable, and affordable EWT approach. Beyond EWT, the modification of ferrate(VI) treatment finds a new pathway to broader application of ferrate(VI) to municipal water treatment.

We have proposed that rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations inhibit malate production in chloroplasts and thus impede assimilation of nitrate into protein in shoots of C3 plants, a phenomenon that will strongly influence primary productivity and food security under the environmental conditions anticipated during the next few decades. Although hundreds of studies support this proposal, several publications in 2018 and 2019 purport to present counterevidence. The following study evaluates these publications as well as presents new data that elevated CO2 enhances root nitrate assimilation in wheat and Arabidopsis while it inhibits shoot nitrate assimilation.

The development of various types of plant factories is central to improving agriculture. In one form, it is expanding from the existing commercial plant factories to home cultivation systems or cultivators. The plant cultivation system grafted into the living space for people produces differences in the growth of the plant depending on the lifestyle (cooling and heating, residence time, number of residents, etc.) of the resident. In this study, identical home cultivation systems that automatically adjust environmental conditions (temperature, photoperiod, light, and nutrient solution supply) other than the carbon dioxide level were set in an office and warehouse. The study confirmed how plant growth can differ depending on the amount of carbon dioxide generated by humans occupying the space. In addition, it was confirmed whether the growth of plants can be further promoted depending on the external air exchange speed by a ventilation fan even if the indoor carbon dioxide concentration is the same. Due to the nature of the cultivation system that controls the temperature, the type and speed of the fan were set to minimize heat loss in the cultivator. The airspeed from ventilation fans attached to the indoor cultivation systems of an office and warehouse was adjusted to one of three levels (0.7, 1.0, or 1.3 m·s−1). In this study with two species, Ssamchoo and Romaine, it was confirmed that the office space was significantly advantageous for the growth of Ssamchoo, especially in terms of the fresh weight, root activity, and chlorophyll content. Romaine also had a significantly higher fresh weight when grown in the office. Shoot length, leaf length, and leaf width were longer, and there were more leaves. When comparing the relative yield based on an airspeed of 1.0 m·s−1, the yield increased up to 156.9% more in the office than in the warehouse. The fan airspeed had an important influence on Ssamchoo. The higher the fan airspeed, the greater the yield, root activity, and chlorophyll. However, fan airspeed had no consistent effect on the growth tendencies of Romaine. In conclusion, carbon dioxide produced by humans occupying the space is a significant source of carbon dioxide for plants grown in the home cultivation system, although both the speed of the ventilation fan that can promote growth without heat loss and delayed growth caused by the photorespiration in a carbon dioxide-limited situation require additional experiments.

Global warming and the fertilization effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) have led to a general increase in gross primary production (GPP). Although soil drying (SD) may limit this increase, its limiting effect has not been confirmed and quantified. Hence, we evaluated the impact of SD and climate factors on GPP. From 1997 to 2017, GPP showed a slight downward trend but began to rise after 2011. In SD zones, 19% of the GPP change was attributed to SD, and CO2 concentration in climate factors was the climate factor that contributed the most (24%) and accounted for the main control area (9%). Surprisingly, the negative contribution of SD to GPP offset 35% of the positive contribution area of the climate factors. In addition, SD and climate factors explained 1% and 23% of the GPP increase, respectively, but in areas where GPP decreased, the SD area exceeded that of climate factors by 1.2 times, further highlighting the importance of SD in the GPP drive mechanism. Compared with previous studies, we further quantified the contribution of SD and climate factors to GPP, which improved our understanding of the global pattern of total carbon absorption and its response to SD and climate factors.

Novel types of an air purification system for improving indoor air quality (IAQ) and ventilation by reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration were assessed in office buildings in India. This study provides an evaluation of a control system that reduces toxic gases in indoor spaces using the synthesized filter media. The reduction potential of CO2 levels of the control system, for different air handling unit (AHU) capacities, were compared. Experimental studies and in-situ evaluation has been done using the air purification system. Ventilation rates and CO2 concentration are monitored before and after the installation of the purification system. The results of the investigation indicated CO2 concentrations were reduced by more than 40% with the purification system. Fresh air intake to maintain the desired ventilation rates has been reduced to more than 50%, further reduce heat load. Ventilation flow rates were achieved with this air purification system. This system has the potential aspiration in controlling the CO2 levels in mechanically ventilated buildings. CO2 concentrations were brought down to permissible limits and maintained further without introducing fresh air into the system. Based on the results, assessment of the air purification system is a crucial and wide range of applicability in indoor environments to reduce cooling costs., Indoor air quality; Ventilation; Carbon dioxide concentration; Thermal comfort.

The growth of plants and their glucosinolate content largely depend on the cultivation environment, however, there are limited reports on the optimization of ambient environmental factors for kale grown in plant factories. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of temperature, relative humidity, and the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration on kale growth and glucosinolate content in different growth stages of cultivation in a plant factory. Kale was grown under different temperatures (14, 17, 20, 23, and 26 °C), relative humidities (45, 55, 65, 75, and 85%), and CO2 concentrations (400, 700, 1000, 1300, and 1600 ppm) in a plant factory. Two and four weeks after transplantation, leaf samples were collected to evaluate the physical growth and glucosinolate contents. The statistical significance of the treatment effects was determined by two-way analysis of variance, and Duncan’s multiple range test was used to compare the means. A correlation matrix was constructed to show possible linear trends among the dependent variables. The observed optimal temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 range for growth (20–23 °C, 85%, and 700–1000 ppm) and total glucosinolate content (14–17 °C, 55–75%, and 1300–1600 ppm) were different. Furthermore, the glucosinolate content in kale decreased with the increase of temperature and relative humidity levels, and increased with the increase of CO2 concentration. Most of the physical growth variables showed strong positive correlations with each other but negative correlations with glucosinolate components. The findings of this study could be used by growers to maintain optimum environmental conditions for the better growth and production of glucosinolate-rich kale leaves in protected cultivation facilities.

· The 18O composition of plant cellulose is often used to reconstruct past climate and plant function. However, uncertainty remains regarding the estimation of the leaf sucrose 18O signal and its subsequent attenuation by 18O exchange with source water during cellulose synthesis.· We grew Lolium perenne at three CO2 concentrations (200, 400 or 800 mmol mol-1) and two relative humidity (RH) levels (50% or 75%), and determined 18O enrichment of leaf sucrose (Δ18OSucrose), bulk leaf water (Δ18OLW), leaf cellulose (Δ18OCellulose) and water at the site of cellulose synthesis (Δ18OCelSynW). · Δ18OCellulose correlated with Δ18OSucrose (R2=0.87) but not with Δ18OLW (R2=0.04), due to a variable 18O discrepancy (range 2.0-9.0‰) between sucrose synthesis water (Δ18OSucSynW, estimated from Δ18OSucrose) and bulk leaf water. The discrepancy resulted mainly from an RH effect. The proportion of oxygen in cellulose that exchanged with medium water during cellulose formation (pex), was near-constant when referenced to Δ18OSucSynW (pex-SucSynW = 0.52±0.02 SE), but varied when related to bulk leaf water (pex-LW = –0.01 to 0.46). · We conclude that previously reported RH-dependent variations of pex-LW in grasses are related to a discrepancy between Δ18OSucSynW and Δ18OLW that may result from spatial heterogeneity in 18O gradients of leaf water and photosynthetic sucrose synthesis.

Cereal yield and grain quality may be impaired by environmental factors associated with climate change. Major factors, including elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]), elevated temperature, and drought stress, have been identified as affecting C3 crop production and quality. A me-ta‐analysis of existing literature was performed to study the impact of these three environmental factors on the yield and nutritional traits of C3 cereals. Elevated [CO2] stimulates grain production (through larger grain numbers) and starch accumulation but negatively affects nutritional traits such as protein and mineral content. In contrast to [CO2], increased temperature and drought cause significant grain yield loss, with stronger effects observed from the latter. Elevated temperature decreases grain yield by decreasing the thousand grain weight (TGW). Nutritional quality is also negatively influenced by the changing climate, which will impact human health. Similar to drought, heat stress decreases starch content but increases grain protein and mineral concentra-tions. Despite the positive effect of elevated [CO2], increases to grain yield seem to be counterbal-anced by heat and drought stress. Regarding grain nutritional value and within the three environmental factors, the increase in [CO2] is possibly the more detrimental to face because it will affect cereal quality independently of the region., This work was supported by European Interest Group (EIG) CONCERT-Japan (IRUEC), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Spanish MINECO projects PCIN-2017-007 and PID2019-110445RB-I00). Sinda Ben Mariem had a PhD grant from the Navarra Government

For the use of carbon dioxide in modified packaging (MA) systems, is it necessary a high gas/product ratio to ensure the bacteriostatic effect of fishery food. The use of techniques such as CO2 Soluble Gas Stabilization (SGS), can reduce the size of package necessary to maintain the effectiveness of MA. Thus, the effect of the MA packaging combined with soluble gas stabilization (SGS) as pre-treatment was studied to investigate the shelf life of cooked blue mussels. The samples were subjected at 100% food-grade CO2 (96%) for 2 h (SGS), in large flexible pouch. After SGS treatment, 100 g of mussels were packaged under modified atmosphere and air. Initial CO2 concentration under SGS packages was 70.0 % and remained constant (72.5 %) due the pre-treatment with CO2. Physicochemical properties (pH, water content, firmness and water-holding capacity) were not influenced significantly SGS treatments. The SGS samples had reduced growth of mesophilic and psychrotrophic during storage. The application of SGS resulted in an increased microbiological shelf life (19 days) compared with the packaging with air (5 days) and can contribute to improved quality of cooked mussels. Para el uso de dióxido de carbono en sistemas de envasado modificado (EM), es necesaria una alta relación gas/producto para garantizar el efecto bacteriostático de los pescados y sus derivados. El uso de técnicas como la Presolubilización de Gas CO2 (SGS) puede reducir el tamaño del paquete necesario para mantener la efectividad de EM. Por lo tanto, se estudió el efecto del empaque de EM combinado con la estabilización de gas soluble (SGS) como pretratamiento para investigar la vida útil de los mejillones azules cocidos. Las muestras se sometieron a CO2 de grado alimenticio al 100% (96%) durante 2 h (SGS), en una bolsa grande y flexible. Después del tratamiento con SGS, se envasaron 100 g de mejillones en atmósfera modificada y aire. La concentración inicial de CO2 en los envases SGS fue del 70,0% y se mantuvo constante (72,5%) debido al pretratamiento con CO2. Las propiedades fisicoquímicas (pH, contenido de agua, firmeza y capacidad de retención de agua) no se vieron influenciadas significativamente en los tratamientos con SGS. Las muestras de SGS tenían un crecimiento reducido de mesófilos y psicrotróficos durante el almacenamiento. La aplicación de SGS dio como resultado una mayor vida útil microbiológica (19 días) en comparación con el envasado con aire (5 días) y puede contribuir a mejorar la calidad de los mejillones cocidos. Para o uso do dióxido de carbono em sistemas com atmosfera modificada (AM), é necessária uma elevada relação gás/produto para assegurar o efeito bacteriostático em pescado e seus derivados. O uso de técnicas como a pré-solubilização do CO2 (SGS) pode reduzir o tamanho da embalagem necessária para manter a efetividade da AM. Assim, o efeito do envase sob AM combinada com a pré-solubilização de gás (SGS) como pré-tratamento foi estudado para investigar a vida útil de mexilhões azuis cozidos. As amostras foram submetidas à 100 % de CO2 de grau alimentício (96 %) por 2 h (SGS), em embalagem grande e flexível. Após o tratamento SGS, 100 g de mexilhões foram envasados sob atmosfera modificada e ar. A concentração inicial de CO2 nas embalagens com SGS foi de 70 % e permaneceram constantes (72,5 %) devido ao pré-tratamento com CO2. As propriedades físico-químicas (pH, teor de água, firmeza e capacidade de retenção de água) não foram influenciadas significativamente pelos tratamentos com SGS. As amostras com SGS tiveram crescimento reduzido de mesófilos e psicrotróficos durante o armazenamento. A aplicação do SGS resultou em um aumento da vida útil microbiológica (19 dias) comparada com o envase com ar (5 dias) e podem contribuir para melhorar a qualidade de mexilhões cozidos.

Carbon dioxide (CO2 ) is an important environmental parameter in aircraft cabins. To understand the most recent, real-time CO2 concentration levels and their key influencing factors in aircraft cabins, we conducted in-flight measurements of 52 randomly selected commercial flights with different aircraft types and durations from August 2017 to August 2019. The spatial temporal characteristics of CO2 concentrations on board were analyzed and summarized. For the flight time scale, the CO2 concentrations during the boarding phase (1680 ± 558 ppmv) were notably higher than that in other phases, whereas the condition of the cruising phase was the lowest in most flights. The flight average CO2 concentrations of the cruising phase were 1253 ± 164 ppmv, and the corresponding estimated outside airflow rates were 6.2 ± 1.3 L/s/p in the economy class across all flights. Single-aisle and twin-aisle flights did not show noticeable differences for the same phases. Relatively uniform CO2 concentrations were observed at different positions of the same class. By comparing the results of this study with those previously reported, CO2 concentrations showed a slightly decreasing trend over the last 30 years. This suggested a slightly increased ventilation rate and potentially superior air quality on board.

The capture, storage, and utilization (CSU) of CO2 to produce methanol which can be used as a fuel, fuel additive, and precursor in organic synthesis is an area of fascinating research. This directly influences the reduction of the CO2 concentration by capturing CO2 from industrial and automobile emissions. The development of integrated CO2 capture and conversion to a fuel and fuel additive has garnered considerable attention as it eliminates costly processes to produce pure CO2. This contribution presents a summary of integrated CO2 capture and conversion to methanol (MeOH) using amine-assisted and alkali hydroxide-assisted one-pot systems. The superiority of the alkali hydroxide-based system to the amine-based system for the conversion to MeOH is systematically presented.

Although elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (elevated CO2 (eCO2)) considerably affect soybean yield, the agronomic and physiological contributors to the yield variation among cultivars in response to eCO2 have not been fully understood. Such investigation will fundamentally benefit future breeding strategies to enhance soybean adaptability to eCO2 environments. Twenty-four soybean cultivars were exposed to ambient CO2 (aCO2, 390 ppm) or eCO2 (580 ppm) throughout growth stages. The results showed the stimulation of eCO2 on soybean yield varied among cultivars, resulting in the increase from 3.3% in Yuanbaojin to 95% in Suinong 8. The yield gain under eCO2 was negatively correlated with yield under aCO2. The increases of the pod and seed number (sink) were strongly positive correlated (P2.

The Ca2+-(NH4)2CO3-(NH4)2WO4-NH3-H2O system is a typical system in tungsten extractive metallurgy used in the preparation and purification of ammonium tungstate solution. To determine an appropriate solution composition to optimize these processes, a thermodynamic model combined with the Pitzer activity equations was developed. This model allowed us to predict the dependence of the equilibrium WO3 concentration on the compositions of the solution in the Ca2+-(NH4)2CO3-(NH4)2WO4-NH3-H2O system. Thermodynamic analyses clarified the stable regions of CaCO3 and CaWO4 in the Ca2+-(NH4)2CO3-(NH4)2WO4-NH3-H2O system and indicated that increasing both the total NH3 and total CO2 concentrations is beneficial for increasing the equilibrium WO3 concentration. The experimental results confirm that the thermodynamic model offers a means of predicting the equilibrium concentrations of species in the system. Furthermore, the equilibrium WO3 concentrations of the solution of the Ca2+-(NH4)2CO3-(NH4)2WO4-NH3-H2O system at 298.15 K have been predicted at different total CO2 concentrations, as well as different total NH3 to total CO2 concentration ratios. Thus, the findings of this study will not only help determine the appropriate composition of the leaching system for preparing ammonium tungstate solutions, but also provide a reference for purifying ammonium tungstate solutions.

The impact of in-situ CO2 nano-bubbles generation on the freezing properties of soft serve, milk, and apple juice was investigated. Carbonated (0, 1000, and 2000 ppm) liquid foods contained in a tube were submerged and cooled for 90 min in a pre-set ethylene glycol bath (−15 °C). Before the enclosed liquid reached 0 °C, the vibration was discharged through ultrasound in the bath to create nano-bubbles within the carbonated food samples, and the changes in temperature for 90 min of each food were recorded as a freezing curve. The time for onset of nucleation of control soft serve mix was halved in samples with 2000-ppm CO2 due to the presence of nano-bubbles. Likewise, the nucleation time for milk with and without nano-bubbles at the same CO2 concentration of 2000 ppm was 7.9 ± 0.1 and 2.8 ± 0.8 min, respectively. The generation of CO2 nano-bubbles from 2000-ppm CO2 level in 10 oBx apple juice displayed −9.3 ± 0.3 °C nucleation temperature while the control one had −11.7 ± 0.9 °C.

The triose phosphate utilization (TPU) rate has been identified as one of the processes that can limit terrestrial plant photosynthesis. However, we lack a robust quantitative assessment of TPU limitation of photosynthesis at the global scale. As a result, TPU, and its potential limitation of photosynthesis, is poorly represented in terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs). In this study, we utilized a global data set of photosynthetic CO2 response curves representing 141 species from tropical rainforests to Arctic tundra. We quantified TPU by fitting the standard biochemical model of C3 photosynthesis to measured photosynthetic CO2 response curves and characterized its instantaneous temperature response. Our results demonstrate that TPU does not limit leaf photosynthesis at the current ambient atmospheric CO2 concentration. Furthermore, our results showed that the light-saturated photosynthetic rates of plants growing in cold environments are not more often limited by TPU than those of plants growing in warmer environments. In addition, our study showed that the instantaneous temperature response of TPU is distinct from temperature response of the maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation. The new formulations of the temperature response of TPU derived in this study may prove useful in quantifying the biochemical limits to terrestrial plant photosynthesis and improve the representation of plant photosynthesis in TBMs.

For clarifying the relationship between a leaf-to-fruit ratio (LFR) and photosynthesis, LFR manipulation was performed with Juglans regia cv. Xinxin2 in order to test the photosynthesis response to LFR in source leaves. Results showed that LFR with one and two leaves was positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate (PN), chlorophyll content, and specific leaf mass, implying extremely low LFR inhibited the leaf development. However, LFR with five leaves was negatively correlated with PN, positively correlated with starch, but not related to intercellular CO2 concentration, indicating the high LFR caused the nonstomatal limitation and feedback inhibition of photosynthetic production. No significant differences in PN between LFRs (with three and four leaves) probably indicated a balanced state of coordinated supply and demand between the source leaf and sink fruit. The above results indicated that the response of photosynthesis in the source leaves to LFR depends on the variation range of LFR.

Sleeping microenvironment (SME), is characterized by higher temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration. Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in SME is important considering the long duration people spend there with high proximity between their respiration inlets and potential emission sources, such as bedding material. This study concentrates on the influence of SME conditions on VOC emissions from polyurethane mattresses, and provides first approximation for inhalation exposure during sleep, based on measured emissions. Eight types of polyurethane mattresses were tested in a parallel continues-flow chamber system, to compare between VOC emission under different temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 concentrations. Contribution of mattress covers to emission fluxes was also examined. Eighteen VOCs were quantified with fluxes ranging from 10-4 to 10-1 mg/(h·m-2). Under sleeping conditions VOC emissions increased significantly. Elevated heat seems to be the major contributor to the enhanced emissions, compared to elevated relative humidity and CO2 concentration. Exposure levels estimated for sleeping child/infant indicate that SME can be a significant contributor to VOC exposure, yielding concerning exposure levels for few compounds. Furthermore, the present study demonstrates the strong dependency of sleeping person exposure on air exchange rate between his breathing zone and bedroom air (λBZ).

CO2 biofixation of the microalgae Chlorella sp. for different CO2 concentrations and gas flow rates in a bubble column reactor has been investigated in this study. Microalgae were cultivated under different CO2 concentrations (at 1.75% and 9.45% v/v) and gas flow rates (at 30, 50 and 70 ml/min). The maximum specific growth rate of Chlorella sp. was obtained for the CO2 concentration of 1.75 % and the gas flow rate of 50 mL/min. The highest biomass productivity rate (at 0.17 g L-1 day-1) was for a sample with 1.75 % CO2 at a flow rate of 70 ml/min. Moreover, the results have shown that the specific growth rate and CO2 biofixation have a direct relation with culturing of Chlorella sp. Also, limiting CO2 supplementation noticeably decreased biomass concentration. Therefore, the results have shown that a high flow rate and low concentration of CO2 might promote a decrease in CO2 fixation efficiency by Chlorella sp.

Microalga is a promising candidate for bio-mitigation of CO2. It has been longtime recognized that high CO2 concentration would impose stresses on microalga to suppress the growth. However, this concept was challenged in this research by investigating the growth, photosynthesis and anti-oxidant characteristics of Arthrospira platensis under independent effects of CO2 concentrations and pH. Results showed the growth of A. platensis was only inhibited when broth was in acidic pH. Microalgal cells could deal with high CO2 concentration readily if medium pH was maintained in favorite level. Photosynthesis was inhibited swiftly and significantly under acidified condition. The singlet oxygen was produced in low level for alkalic pH treatment, however it burst quickly after low pH stress was imposed. Accordingly, it was proposed that the phenomena of high CO2 intolerance was caused by CO2 induced pH decline rather than high CO2 concentration itself. This finding has significance on large scale application of microalga based CO2 mitigation and flue gas treatment since it proved concentrated CO2 could be directly assimilated without dilution.

Elevated tropospheric ozone (O3) concentrations can negatively impact wheat growth by reducing photosynthesis and accelerating leaf senescence. Future global O3 concentrations are expected to increase in many regions, which will further limit global wheat production. However, few crop models consider the effects of O3 stress on wheat. We incorporated the effects of O3 stress on photosynthesis and leaf senescence into the DSSAT-NWheat crop model and reproduced an observed experiment and reported yield declines from the literature. Simulated wheat yields decreased as daily O3 concentrations increased above 25 ppb, with yield losses ranging from 0.26% to 0.95% per ppb O3 increase, depending on the cultivar O3 sensitivity. The model reproduced known wheat physiological responses from the combination of O3 stress with water deficit and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration. Increased water deficit stress and elevated atmospheric CO2 both reduce the negative impact of O3, but yield benefits from elevated CO2 can be lost due to elevated O3 concentrations. The O3-modified NWheat model simulates the effects of O3 stress on wheat growth and yield in interaction with other growth factors and can be used for studies on climate change and O3 impacts.

One of important parameters of a room microclimate is carbon dioxide level that could be predicted using models presented in literature. In buildings with high heat gains from people, like classroo...

The study presents the results of continuous measurements of carbon dioxide concentration in the atmospheric surface layer at Tiksi and Cape Baranov Arctic stations over the period of August 2010–May 2017 and over the whole 2016, respectively. The amplitude of diurnal variations in the CO2 concentration in Tiksi from June to September is 1.1 ± 1.3, 2.4 ± 2.0, 4.1 ± 2.3, and 2.0 ± 2.4 ppm. Diurnal variations in CO2 at Cape Baranov station are absent. The observed seasonal variations in the CO2 concentration are compared with the data of the MBL empirical model for the marine atmospheric boundary layer of the Arctic region. In 2016, the difference between the observed and model concentrations at Tiksi and Cape Baranov stations amounted to 1.7 and 0.5 ppm, respectively, in winter and −3.0 and −1.9 ppm, respectively, in summer. It is shown that wildfires in Siberia caused a long synchronous increase in the CO2 concentration by 20 ppm in Tiksi and by 15 ppm at Cape Baranov station.

Atmospheric inverse modelling has become an increasingly useful tool for evaluating emissions of greenhouse gases including methane, nitrous oxide, and synthetic gases such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Atmospheric inversions for emissions of CO2 from fossil fuel combustion (ffCO2) are currently being developed. The aim of this paper is to investigate potential errors and uncertainties related to the spatial and temporal prior representation of emissions and modelled atmospheric transport for the inversion of ffCO2 emissions in the US state of California. We perform simulation experiments based on a network of ground-based observations of CO2 concentration and radiocarbon in CO2 (a tracer of ffCO2), combining prior (bottom-up) emission models and transport models currently used in many atmospheric studies. The potential effect of errors in the spatial and temporal distribution of prior emission estimates is investigated in experiments by using perturbed versions of the emission estimates used to create the pseudo-data. The potential effect of transport error was investigated by using three different atmospheric transport models for the prior and pseudo-data simulations. We find that the magnitude of biases in posterior total state emissions arising from errors in the spatial and temporal distribution in prior emissions in these experiments are 1 %–15 % of posterior total state emissions and are generally smaller than the 2σ uncertainty in posterior emissions. Transport error in these experiments introduces biases of −10 % to +6 % into posterior total state emissions. Our results indicate that uncertainties in posterior total state ffCO2 estimates arising from the choice of prior emissions or atmospheric transport model are on the order of 15 % or less for the ground-based network in California we consider. We highlight the need for temporal variations to be included in prior emissions and for continuing efforts to evaluate and improve the representation of atmospheric transport for regional ffCO2 inversions.

In this study, basic cultivation experiments were performed on microalgae Desmodesmus sp, then, the experiment results were deductively expanded, and the use of paddy in the off-season for farmers is advocated. As a result of the continuous culture experiments using 100 mL test tubes, 101.3 mg dry biomass was harvested in the aeration culture using the BG-11 medium. In the aeration culture with mixing CO2, the maximum harvest was obtained under the 10%-CO2 concentration. Considering about CO2 concentration, the condition of 1%-CO2 was superior in CO2 use efficiency. Based on the changes in the pH of the medium, algae such as Desmodesmus sp exchanges ions between the inside of the cell and the surrounding environment, and changes the surrounding environment in order to adapt themselves. In the proforma calculation of second crops in paddy fields, 26.4 million tons dry biomass is harvested in 120 days long of culture a year. Considering that the harvested dry biomass amount, 187 × 106 GJ power energy is obtained by burning them. This amount of energy corresponds to about 5.2% of total electricity.

We investigated the flowering and photosynthetic responses of Phalaenopsis Queen Beer ‘Mantefon’ to CO2 enrichment and light level. Potted plants at the flowering stage were supplied with low light level (LL; 90 ± 10 μmol m−2 s−1) or high light level (HL; 260 ± 40 μmol m−2 s−1) using three−wave cool white fluorescent lamps and metal halide lamp and different levels of CO2. Carbon dioxide was supplied to the plants, which perform crassulacean acid metabolism, during their dark period at three concentrations: 400 (control), 800, and 1200 μmol mol−1 CO2. More flowers and lateral branches were produced by plants grown under HL than the control plants grown under LL, and there were more visible floral buds in the plants grown under HL than those grown LL, regardless of CO2 concentration. Net CO2 assimilation rate was higher in plants exposed to 800 and 1200 μmol mol−1 CO2 under LL and 1200 μmol mol−1 CO2 than the control plants under LL and HL. We conclude that photosynthesis is enhanced in CO2-enriched plants, and lateral branch and floral bud production are maximized at the high light level used here in Phalaenopsis Queen Beer ‘Mantefon’.

We examined the combined effects of temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2) and watering regime during seed maturation on subsequent germinability and total phenolics ofArabidopsis thaliana[wild-type (WT) andabi1-1mutant] seeds. Mature seeds were collected from plants that were grown under lower (22/18°C, 16 h light and 8 h dark) or higher (28/24°C, 16 h light and 8 h dark) temperatures, at ambient (400 μmol mol–1) or elevated (700 μmol mol–1) CO2concentration, and well-watered or water-stressed. Germinated and non-germinated (viable, rotten and empty) seed percentages, germination rate and total phenolics were determined for both genotypes. Higher maturation temperatures increased seed germination percentage, but decreased germination rate, percentage of rotten and non-germinated viable seeds, and total phenolics. Elevated CO2increased seed total phenolics. Water stress decreased the percentage of non-germinated viable seeds. Neither of the two latter factors affected other measured parameters. Seeds of theabi1-1mutant had higher total phenolics. The fate of seeds was mostly affected by higher temperatures and water stress. Also, seeds of theabi1-1mutant had higher germination rate, empty seed percentage and total phenolics than seeds of the WT genotype. Germination percentage was highest for the WT seeds that matured on the water-stressed plants that were grown under higher temperatures at ambient CO2. It can be concluded that higher temperatures had highest effects on seed germinability and other parameters, and elevated CO2did not alleviate the negative effects of higher temperatures on seed viability.

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of increased CO2 concentration during the first 3 d of incubation on albumen height and pH, embryonic mortality, and hatchability of broiler hatching eggs. Hatching eggs were obtained from commercial broiler breeder flocks of Ross 308 at 39 and 37 wk of age in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. In Experiment 3, eggs were collected at 28 and 35 wk of age. Eggs were incubated under either standard conditions (Control-CO2) for the entire incubation or increased CO2 concentrations during the first 3 d of incubation (High-CO2) in 3 experiments. In Experiments 1 and 2, the CO2 concentration was gradually increased from the beginning of incubation onwards to reach 0.80% at 72 h by manual injection of CO2 into airtight laboratory incubators. In the control incubators, the CO2 concentration remained below 0.10% during the same period. Prior to setting, and at 3 d of incubation, the eggs were opened for albumen height and pH measurements in Experiments 1 and 2. In Experiment 3, the eggs were set in commercial incubators. During the first 3 d of incubation, the CO2 concentration was gradually increased to reach 0.70% at 72 h naturally (High-CO2). In the Control-CO2 incubator, the CO2 concentration remained below 0.10%. After 3 d, incubation was continued with the control incubator conditions for all eggs from both groups in the 3 experiments. The albumen height was not affected by CO2 treatment, but the treatment significantly decreased albumen pH at 3 d in Experiments 1 and 2 (P < 0.05). A greater CO2 concentration during early incubation reduced fertile hatchability due to increased early embryonic mortality by 2% in the 3 experiments (P ≤ 0.05). The differences in pH might provide one explanation why increased CO2 concentration during early incubation resulted in increased early embryonic mortality. These data indicated that at the beginning of the incubation, ventilation was necessary to prevent increases in CO2 concentration for optimum hatchability results.

The capability of the plants growing in the Policlinico Umberto I, one of the most important hospitals in Rome, to lower carbon dioxide (CO2) and air temperature was analyzed. The CO2 concentration inside and outside the hospital and traffic density in the streets surrounding the area was monitored monthly. Measurements of structural plant traits were carried out. The highest CO2 concentration was monitored in winter-spring (425 ± 8 ppm, mean value) when traffic density peaks, decreasing by 17% in summer. During the day-time, the highest CO2 concentration (433 ± 61 ppm, mean value) was measured in the first hours of the morning (9:00) decreasing by 12% from 11.00 to 13.00 in relationship with traffic density decreasing (p 0.05). Among the greening present in the hospital area, the “group of trees” plays an important role in lowering CO2 concentration compared to meadows. Moreover, outside the Policlinico air temperature was, on average, 17% higher compared to the inside. The results show the effectiveness of plants in improving air quality and suggest that greening traits may be used to realise an inventory available for tree planting programs to ameliorate the quality of life.

C3 photosynthesis is often limited by CO2 diffusivity or stomatal (gs ) and mesophyll (gm ) conductances. To characterize effects of stomatal closure induced by either high CO2 or abscisic acid (ABA) application on gm , we examined gs and gm in the wild type (Col-0) and ost1 and slac1-2 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana grown at 390 or 780 μmol mol-1 CO2 . Stomata of these mutants were reported to be insensitive to both high CO2 and ABA. When the ambient CO2 increased instantaneously, gm decreased in all these plants, whereas gs in ost1 and slac1-2 was unchanged. Therefore, the decrease in gm in response to high CO2 occurred irrespective of the responses of gs . gm was mainly determined by the instantaneous CO2 concentration during the measurement and not markedly by the CO2 concentration during the growth. Exogenous application of ABA to Col-0 caused the decrease in the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci ). With the decrease in Ci , gm did not increase but decreased, indicating that the response of gm to CO2 and that to ABA are differently regulated and that ABA content in the leaves plays an important role in the regulation of gm .

The efficient conversion of CO2 to useful chemicals is a promising way to reduce atmospheric CO2 concentration and also reduce reliance on fossil-based resources. Although much progress has been ma...

Minimizing the release of CO2 into the atmosphere is highly important due to the CO2 concentration dependence of climate change. In this work, highly efficient capture of CO2 is investigated through tuning ionic liquids (ILs) with imide-based anions. It is found that a superior high CO2 capacity (2.21 mol mol−1) be achieved by the imide-based IL with 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboximide anion at 20 °C and 1.0 bar through a combination of chemical and physical absorption. Quantum chemical calculations and spectroscopic analysis suggests that the significant increase in the CO2 capacity is due to the enhanced cooperative interactions between CO2 and three active sites in the anion with electron-donating group. Furthermore, the adsorbed CO2 can be readily stripped from the CO2-saturated IL through slightly heating or bubbling N2, and the IL may be recycled without loss of efficiency.