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Strategizing the exploitation of renewable solar light could undoubtedly provide new insight into the field of biomass valorization. Therefore, for the first time, we reported the heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation route of renewable furfural (FUR) to produce industrial feedstocks maleic anhydride (MAN) and 5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (HFO) under simulated solar light (AM 1.5 G) using molecular oxygen (O2) as terminal oxidant and mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (SGCN) as photocatalyst. SGCN showed an excellent photo-conversion (>95%) of FUR with 42 % and 33 % selectivity of MAN and HFO respectively. Moreover, an excellent selectivity towards MAN (66 %) under natural sunlight manifests a pioneering route for the sustainable production of MAN. In addition, the underlying mechanistic route of the FUR photo-oxidation was investigated via various experiments including scavenger studies, substrate studies, and electron spin resonance (ESR) studies which constructively proved the pivotal role of singlet oxygen (1O2) and holes (h+) in FUR photo-oxidation.

All-organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials have emerged as potential candidates for optoelectronic devices and biomedical applications. However, the development of organic TADF probes with strong emission in the longer wavelength region (> 600 nm) remains a challenge. Strong π-conjugated rigid acceptor cores substituted with multiple donor units can be a viable design strategy to obtain red TADF probes. Herein, 3,6 di-t-butyl carbazole substituted to dibenzopyridoquinoxaline acceptor core resulted in T-shaped donor-acceptor-donor compound, PQACz-T, exhibiting red thermally activated delayed fluorescence in polymer embedded thin films. Further, PQACz-T self-assembled to molecular nanoaggregates of diverse size and shape in THF-water mixture showing bright red emission along with delayed fluorescence even in an aqueous environment. The self-assembly and the excited-state properties of PQACz-T were compared with the nonalkylated analogue, PQCz-T. The delayed fluorescence in nanoaggregates was attributed to the high rate of reverse intersystem crossing. Moreover, an aqueous dispersion of the smaller-sized, homogeneous distribution of fluorescent nanoparticles was fabricated upon encapsulating PQACz-T in a triblock copolymer, F-127. Cytocompatible polymer encapsulated PQACz-T nanoparticles with large Stokes shift, excellent photostability were demonstrated for the specific imaging of lipid droplets in HeLa cells.

In an enduring quest to develop highly efficient display and lighting devices over the decades, semiconductor nanocrystals have recently emerged as favorable candidates. However, developing a prudent and viable methodology to fabricate high-quality semiconductor nanocrystals exhibiting tunable luminescence, including single-component white light emission, is challenging. Herein, we report a facile one-pot synthetic route to fabricate white light emitting CdSeₓSy nanocrystals demonstrating high quantum yield using CdO, S powder, and Se powder as precursors. A phosphine-free route was adopted, employing paraffin oil as the reducing agent and solvent for the fabrication. The optical properties can be effectively tailored by controlling the reaction time and the Se/S molar ratio. The pristine CdSeₓSy nanocrystals exhibited a broad visible range emission from 400 to 750 nm. The CdSeₓSy nanocrystals (Se/S = 0.4) displayed white light emission with Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of (0.30, 0.31) and quantum yield of 50 ± 3%. Moreover, by manipulating the Se/S ratio effectively, the band-edge (∼400–450 nm) to trap-state (∼550–750 nm) emission was tuned, and the distinct shades of white light were obtained. The white light emission was retained in nanocrystals-embedded poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thin film and also in the hydrogel matrix. Furthermore, white light emission characteristics from CdSeₓSy nanocrystals (Se/S = 0.4), PMMA thin film, and thin film coated white light emitting devices were found to be similar even after months of fabrication, indicating the high stability of the nanocrystals and sustainability of the materials derived from nanocrystals. The one-pot, low-cost fabrication route demonstrated in the present study offers the promising scope of white light emitting CdSeₓSy nanocrystals in solid-state display applications.

Controlling the nonradiative deactivation of triplet states and tuning the singlet–triplet energy gap are the major challenges in developing materials that exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP). Additionally, the conformational flexibility/rigidity around the donor–acceptor bond and the π-spacer unit significantly alters the charge transfer efficiency, subsequently impacting the relative propensity of TADF and RTP. Herein, we propose a new class of multichromophoric tridonor–acceptor (D3–A) compounds with rigid and flexible π-spacers having N-rich pyridoquinoxaline and pyridopyrazine acceptor cores, respectively. The molecule with carbazole donors meta to the quinoxaline nitrogen of the rigid pyridoquinoxaline core exhibits TADF, whereas the variation of the linkage position of carbazole to the pyridoquinoxaline as well as the twisted and flexible pyridopyrazine core shows predominantly RTP due to a relatively higher singlet–triplet energy gap. Increasing the donor strength with phenoxazine in the pyridopyrazine system leads to TADF and RTP simultaneously. Furthermore, we demonstrate the promising scope of the all-organic triplet harvesting materials in solid-state security encryption.

Nanoporous organic polymers with distinct morphologies are of immense interest for a broad spectrum of applications ranging from catalysis to molecular separation, energy storage, and energy conversion. However, developing facile and versatile methodologies to obtain well-orchestrated morphologies along with high specific surface area pertinent to a specific application is still a formidable challenge. The design of the task-specific networks can be benefitted through further analysis of subtle variations in the polymerization conditions. Herein, we have critically examined the fabrication of triptycene-based hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs), exhibiting contrasting morphologies developed through three distinct polymerization routes. Astonishingly, a remarkable variation of nanostructured morphology of irregular aggregates, nanospheres, and nanosheets was noticeable in the resultant network polymers through Friedel-Crafts crosslinking using dimethoxymethane as an external crosslinker, Scholl coupling, and solvent knitting using dichloromethane as an external crosslinker and solvent, respectively. The dramatic role of reaction temperature, catalysts, and solvents driving the formation of specific nanostructured HCPs was elucidated. Mechanistic investigations coupled with spectroscopic and microscopic studies revealed that the 2D-nanosheets of highly porous solvent-knitted HCP (SKTP, SBET: 2385 m2 g-1) evolved through the hierarchical self-assembly of rigid nanospheres into nanoribbons followed by the formation of nanosheets. We further demonstrated a structure-activity correlation of the pristine as well as post-synthetically sulfonated HCPs for the removal of a gamut of organic micropollutants from water. Solvent knitted triptycene polymer (SKTP) and its sulfonated derivative (SKTPS, SBET: 1444 m2 g-1) owing to high specific surface areas, excellent dispersity in water, and better accessibility of analytes through 2D-sheet like morphology exhibited ultrafast sequestration (30 s to 5 min) of an extensive array of persistent organic micropollutants, including ionic dyes, plastic components, steroids, antibiotic drugs, and herbicides with excellent recyclability. The current study holds the promise that a delicate control over the morphologies of nanoporous polymers by tuning the fabrication conditions paves the way for the development of advanced porous materials for environmental remediation.

A heptazine-based microporous polymeric network, HMP-TAPA was synthesised by direct coupling of trichloroheptazine and tris(4-aminophenyl)amine (TAPA). A high surface area of 424 m2 /g was achieved, which is the highest surface area among heptazine-based polymeric networks (HMPs). The tailored electron-donor and -acceptor units in HMP-TAPA give broad visible-light absorption. HMP-TAPA was employed as metal-free photocatalyst for oxidative coupling of amines to imines under visible light irradiation with 98 % selectivity. Furthermore, the surface basicity of HMP-TAPA was used to achieve metal-free heterogeneous base catalysis for Knoevenagel condensation under base-free conditions with >99 % conversion. In addition, HMP-TAPA showed extreme robustness over a wide pH range (1-14). The versatility and flexibility of the current material design is beneficial for understanding its photoactivity and surface basicity so as to design dual active (photo)catalyst materials for specific applications.

We fabricated an inorganic–organic hybrid upconversion nanoprobe for the ratiometric detection of aliphatic biogenic amines in water. The hybrid nanoprobe comprises a thiophene-based acceptor–π-donor–π-acceptor organic fluorescent dye, TDPM, and near-infrared light-absorbing upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). The organic dye was loaded into a mesoporous silica-coated UCNP (UCNP@mSiO2) matrix to circumvent the issues of water insolubility and higher energy excitation. Yb3+ and Tm3+-doped UCNPs exhibited dual emission bands at 475 and 645 nm upon excitation with a 980 nm laser. The significant spectral overlap between the absorption and the emission bands of TDPM and UCNPs, respectively, at 475 nm led to resonance energy transfer (RET) from the UCNPs to TDPM resulting in the quenching of the UCNP emission. In contrast, ‘turn-on’ emission was noticeable with the addition of aliphatic biogenic amines due to an inhibition of the RET. The emission at 645 nm remained unaffected during the energy transfer process making the hybrid probe a versatile platform for the ratiometric detection of different aliphatic biogenic amines. Furthermore, we explored the sensing of aliphatic biogenic amines in adulterated milk and rotten fish. The unique material attributes demonstrated in the current study hold promise for further development of real-time sensors and switches based on hybrid upconversion nanoprobes.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) having layered architecture with open nanochannels and high specific surface area are promising candidates for energy storage. However, the low electrical conductivity of two-dimensional COFs often limits their scope in energy storage applications. The conductivity of COFs can be enhanced through post-synthetic modification with conducting polymers. Herein, we developed polyaniline (PANI) modified triazine-based COFs via in situ polymerization of aniline within the porous frameworks. The composite materials showed high conductivity of 1.4-1.9×10-2 S cm-1 at room temperature with a 20-fold enhancement of the specific capacitance than the pristine frameworks. The fabricated supercapacitor exhibited a high energy density of 24.4 W h kg-1 and a power density of 200 W kg-1 at 0.5 A g-1 current density. Moreover, the device fabricated using the conducting polymer-triazine COF composite could light up a green light-emitting diode for 1 min after being charged for 10 s.

Semiconductor nanocrystals are promising for display and lighting devices. Herein, we report a facile one-pot synthetic route to fabricate white light emitting CdSexSy nanocrystals with enhanced quantum yield using CdO, S powder, and Se powder as precursors. The phosphine-free route was adopted, employing paraffin oil as the reducing agent and solvent for the fabrication. The optical properties can be effectively tailored by controlling the reaction time and the molar ratio of Se/S. The emission of pristine CdSexSy nanocrystals covered a broad visible range from 400 to 750 nm. The CdSexSy nanocrystals (Se/S = 0.4) exhibited white-light emission with quantum yield of 50 ± 3 % and Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of (0.30, 0.31). The band-edge (~400-450 nm) to trap-state (~550-750 nm) emissions was tuned by controlling the Se/S ratio, and the different shades of white light were obtained. Furthermore, the quantum yield and CIE coordinates of the CdSexSy nanocrystals (Se/S = 0.4) were found to be similar even after 30 days of fabrication, showing the high stability of nanocrystals. The white light emission was retained in nanocrystals-embedded poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thin film and also in the hydrogel matrix. The one-pot, low-cost, scalable fabrication of white light emitting CdSexSy nanocrystals demonstrated in the present study offers promising scope in the solid-state display applications.

The current study demonstrates a simple and economical synthetic approach for the development of a multifunctional Schiff base compound (NRSB) through the condensation reaction between 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde and a five-membered heterocycle 3-aminorhodanine. The rhodanine unit was chosen due to the presence of an active electron-deficient carbonyl group. A facile chemical transformation from the closed to the open form was noticeable for rhodanine derivatives in the presence of a suitable nucleophile or an electron-rich system. Such a unique feature was invoked to develop a versatile molecular platform for the colorimetric sensing of methanol and the fluorometric detection of Al3+ ions. The nucleophilic attack by methanol on NRSB led to the formation of an open-ring compound, NRSB-O, with a distinct change in color from colorless to yellow. NRSB showed noticeable sensitivity towards methanol and the detection limit was found to be 0.43 wt%. The methanol-induced chemical transformation from NRSB to NRSB-O was probed through X-ray diffraction studies. The strong CH–π interaction between the methylene protons of the rhodanine unit and the π-electron cloud of the naphthalene unit (3.03 A) and the π–π interaction between naphthalene and the rhodanine moiety (3.51 A and 3.55 A) lead to a two-dimensional (2D) supramolecular structure in the NRSB crystal. NRSB-O possesses strong CH–π interactions between molecules with an intermolecular distance of 2.49 A, leading to 2D-supramolecular self-assembly. The crystal structure revealed the scope of the chelation of NRSB-O with metal ions due to the presence of different N, O, and S donor centers. Interestingly, NRSB-O exhibited a turn-on fluorescence response specifically towards Al3+ through the chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) mechanism over other competitive metal ions. The turn ‘on–off’ fluorescence switching was demonstrated for multiple cycles through the alternative addition of Al3+ and EDTA. The low-cost, simple design strategy of NRSB and NRSB-O as delineated in the current study would contribute to further development of task-specific molecular sensors and switches.

Tuning the fluorescence of π-conjugated small organic molecules through the structural modifications and in the presence of external stimuli have found immense applications ranging from sensing, switching, optoelectronics to bioimaging. Herein, we demonstrated a simple design strategy for the synthesis of a pyrene-cyanostyrene-pyridine molecular triad (PYBNP) using a cost-effective, one-step Knoevenagel condensation between 1-pyrenecarboxaldehyde and 2-(4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)acetonitrile. PYBNP exhibited strong solid-state emission having a quantum yield of ∼ 36 ± 3% due to the deactivation of nonradiative decay channels through the restriction of intramolecular rotations and reduced π-π stacking interactions as revealed from the crystal structure analysis. Similarly, PYBNP was found to be highly emissive in the constrained environments like viscous medium and aggregated state. The optical properties of PYBNP could be tuned by the UV light-mediated dynamic Z/E-isomerization as elucidated through fluorescence spectroscopy and NMR analysis. Additionally, the pyridinic nitrogen centre allowed the fabrication of methylated analog (PYBNPM; a new cationic photoresponsive species). The cationic PYBNPM showed a better solvatochromic behavior contrary to PYBNP due to the efficient intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). The different crystal packing of PYBNP and that of hexafluorophosphate salts of PYBNPM led to distinct fluorescent properties in the solid-state. As a preliminary exploration, the cationic PYBNPM(PF6) was employed for the specific imaging of the mitochondria through multiple fluorescence channels in an aqueous medium. The cost-effective and viable design strategy demonstrated for the fabrication of a simple molecular triad holds the promise for the emergence of new functional fluorescent molecules to molecular materials for task-specific applications.

A novel approach for the fabrication of a solution processable conjugated porous organic polymer (CzBDP) involving a flexible core composed of carbazole and boron dipyrromethene was developed. The red emitting soluble polymer was found to be an excellent probe for the generation of both singlet oxygen and superoxide anion radicals under visible light irradiation.

The present study demonstrates the tuning of iconic optical features of pyrene through its judicious assembly with a C3-symmetric triaminoguanidinium ion, leading to the development of a unique multifunctional luminescent material PYTG. By fine tuning the concentration and the external stimuli, such as temperature, the addition of analytes led to a dramatic change in the fluorescence of PYTG, providing an excellent platform for the exploration of the dynamic and static excimer formation. Recently, white-light-emitting molecular probes have received considerable attention from the scientific community due to their great potentials in display devices. Tripodal PYTG was employed as a pure white-light emitter consisting of blue emission from monomers and orange emission from excimers both in solution and thin film with Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.33, 0.34) and (0.33, 0.38), respectively. The formation of a dynamic excimer along with monomer fluorescence at higher concentrations of PYTG led to tunable emission. Additionally, the rich electronic properties of PYTG allowed efficient detection of trivalent metal ions by turn-on fluorescence and colorimetric sensing of fluoride ions. PYTG selectively detected Fe3+ and Al3+ with nanomolar sensitivity in a semi-aqueous solution via a chelation-enhanced fluorescence response in the orange-red region (λem = 588 nm) by static excimer formation. The ‘on–off’ fluorescence switching by the consecutive addition of trivalent cations and a chelating ligand EDTA makes PYTG a promising fluorescent molecular switch. A simple and cost-effective strategy, leading to the development of a versatile fluorescent probe and an in-depth exploration of the structure–property relationship as delineated in the present manuscript, will pave the way for the emergence of novel task-specific molecular optical materials.

A simple and cost-effective methodology employing environmentally benign substances for the fabrication of white-light emitting materials is important for practical applications in the field of lighting and display devices. Designing purely organic-based white-light-emitting systems with high quantum efficiency in aqueous media is an unmet challenge. With this objective, a new class of pyridoindole-based hydrophobic fluorophore 6,7,8,9-tetrapropylpyrido[1,2-a]indole-10-carbaldehye (TPIC) was introduced. A strategy of self-assembly using nonionic surfactants was employed to enhance the fluorescence of TPIC in an aqueous medium and was exploited as energy donor. The steady-state and time-resolved emission spectra analysis revealed the micelle-mediated energy transfer from TPIC to Nile red (energy acceptor) leading to tunable fluorescence along with white-light emission. The white-light emitting aqueous solution was obtained with the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of (0.33, 0.36) and significantly high quantum yield of 37 %. Solid-state white-light emission was achieved retaining the assembly of fluorophores in the form of a gel having the high quantum efficiency of 33 % with CIE coordinates of (0.32, 0.36); close to that of pure white light. The bright white luminescence of the inscription prepared using white-light emitting gel on a solid substrate offers promising applications for full-color flat panel displays.

Porous organic frameworks (POFs) with heteroatom rich ionic backbone have emerged as advanced materials for catalysis, charge-specific molecular separation and antibacterial activity. The loading of metal ions further enhances Lewis acidity augmenting the activity associated with the frameworks. Metal-loaded ionic POFs however often suffer from physicochemical instability, limiting their scope for diverse applications. Herein, we report the fabrication of triaminoguanidinium-based ionic POFs through Schiff base condensation in a cost-effective and scalable manner. The resultant N-rich ionic frameworks facilitate selective CO2 uptake and provide high metal (ZnO, 57.3 ± 1.2%) loading capacity. The hierarchically mesoporous ZnO-rich metalated frameworks (Zn/POFs) show remarkable catalytic activity in the cycloaddition of CO2 and epoxides into cyclic organic carbonates under solvent-free condition with high catalyst recyclability. In addition, both ionic POFs and Zn/POFs exhibit robust antibacterial (Gram-positive, S. aureus and Gram-negative, E. coli) and antiviral activity targeting HIV and VSV-G enveloped lentiviral particles. The enhanced catalytic, as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, are likely due to the synergistic effect of triaminoguanidinium ions and ZnO infused with the frameworks. We thus establish triaminoguanidinium-based POFs and Zn/POFs as a new class of multifunctional materials for environmental remediation and biomedical applications.

A series of porous organic polymers (POPs) were fabricated based on a boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) core. The variation of the substituents in the BODIPY core and the fine-tuning of the Sonogashira polycondenzation reaction with 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene led to the formation of POPs with a wide range of surface area and porosity. A 10-fold increase in surface area from 73 m2 g–1 in BDT1a polymer to 1010 m2 g–1 in BDT3 was obtained. Simultaneously, the porosity was changed from mesoporous to ultramicroporous. The surface area of BDT3 turned out to be the highest reported so far for BODIPY-based POPs. Molecular dynamics simulation coupled with Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations revealed the effect of substituents alkyl groups and rigidity of the core structures on the surface properties of the POPs. Detailed gas adsorption studies of the polymers revealed a high uptake of CO2 and H2. The highest uptake capacity of 16.5 wt % for CO2 at 273 K and 2.2 wt % for H2 at 77 K was observed for BDT3 at 1 bar press...

A novel class of pyrene-based conjugated porous organic polymers having an N-containing network was developed by employing Buchwald–Hartwig coupling for supercapacitor energy storage. The pristine polymer was found to exhibit a specific capacitance of 456 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 current density with excellent long-term cyclic stability.

Schiff base condensation and C–C coupling between a biologically important heterocycle pyrido[1,2-a]indole (PI) and aggregation induced emission active tetraphenylethylene (TE) led to the formation of weakly fluorescent PITE1 and strongly fluorescent PITE2, respectively. The photophysical phenomenon was rationalized by crystal structure analysis; PITE2 was found to exhibit strong fluorescence in solution, nanoparticles and solid state.

A versatile fluorescent probe, PITE, based on alkyl-substituted pyridoindole (PI) and tetraphenylethylene (TE), which exhibits facile pH-induced fluorescence switching in solution, as nanoparticles, and in the solid state, is presented. Strong fluorescence in the solid state, as well as in solution and the aggregated state, allow sensing of toxic acid vapors. Fluorescence "off-on" switching of PITE through exposure to trifluoroacetic acid and triethylamine vapor is visualized by the naked eye. A unified picture of the switchable fluorescence of PITE is obtained by comprehensive spectroscopic investigations coupled with quantum mechanical calculations. Strong fluorescence, a large Stokes shift, high photostability, and biocompatibility of PITE make it a viable probe for subcellular imaging. Extensive fluorescence microscopic studies by employing organisms including lower and higher eukaryotes reveal specific localization of PITE to lipid droplets (LDs). LDs are dynamic subcellular organelles linked to various physiological processes and human diseases. Hence, the specific detection of LDs in diverse organisms is important to biomedical research and healthcare. Isolation of LDs and subsequent colocalization studies ascertain selective targeting of LDs by the easily affordable, lipophilic bioprobe, PITE. Thus, PITE is a promising multifunctional probe for chemosensing and the selective tracking of LDs.

An ultra-bright fluorescence probe comprising conjugated polymer nanoparticles is developed for biological imaging. Highly blue fluorescent polyfluorene nanoparticles (PF-NPs) stabilized by sodium dodecylsulfate with an average diameter of 100 nm are prepared by a miniemulsion technique. A folate-conjugated cationic triblock copolymer is employed to coat negatively charged PF-NPs via electrostatic interaction for specific cell imaging of folate receptor over-expressing cancer cells. The coated PF-NPs show a similar size and morphology to the pristine PF-NPs, while the fluorescence intensity is enhanced. Such surface-functionalized PF-NPs are demonstrated to be suitable probes for efficient cell imaging of folate receptor over-expressing KB cells by CLSM and flow cytometry.

Fluorescent microporous organic polymers (MOPs) are an emerging class of porous organic materials with considerable technological relevance due to great promise in a range of applications, in addition to typical usage in gas storage and catalysis. In this respect, innovative optical materials have been developed based on MOPs. In this Concept article, a brief appraisal of the fabrication methodologies of fluorescent MOPs in the form of bulk solid as well as in nanoparticles, their optical attributes, and promising application potentials are presented.

Novel dye-terminated, hyperbranched polytruxenes and polytruxene-block-polythiophene multiblock copolymers have been synthesized in a simple "AB(2) + A" approach. Photoexcitation into the higher energy polytruxene absorption band results in an efficient excitation energy transfer to the peripheral dye or polythiophene blocks.

Conjugated polymer nanoparticles based on poly[9,9-bis(2-ethylhexyl)fluorene] and poly[N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-N,N-diphenylamine)-4,4'-diyl] are fabricated using anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulphate in water by miniemulsion technique. Average diameters of polyfluorene and polytriarylamine nanoparticles range from 70 to 100 and 100 to 140 nm, respectively. The surface of the nanoparticles is decorated with triplet emitting dye, tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) chloride. Intriguing photophysics of aqueous dispersions of these hybrid nanoparticles is investigated. Nearly 50% quenching of fluorescence is observed in the case of dye-coated polyfluorene nanoparticles; excitation energy transfer is found to be the dominant quenching mechanism. On the other hand, nearly complete quenching of emission is noticed in polytriarylamine nanoparticle-dye hybrids. It is proposed that the excited state electron transfer from the electron-rich polytriarylamine donor polymer to Ru complex leads to the complete quenching of emission of polytriarylamine nanoparticles. The current study offers promising avenues for developing aqueous solution processed-electroluminescent devices involving a conjugated polymer nanoparticle host and Ru or Ir-based triplet emitting dye as the guest.

Fluorescent microporous organic polymers (MOPs) are an emerging class of porous organic materials with considerable technological relevance due to great promise in a range of applications, in addition to typical usage in gas storage and catalysis. In this respect, innovative optical materials have been developed based on MOPs. In this Concept article, a brief appraisal of the fabrication methodologies of fluorescent MOPs in the form of bulk solid as well as in nanoparticles, their optical attributes, and promising application potentials are presented.

Well-defined nanoparticles composed of a tetraphenylmethane-based microporous polymer network with an average particle diameter of 30-60 nm were fabricated by a miniemulsion polymerization technique. Strong green emission was observed and efficient excitation energy transfer from nanoparticles to surface-bound dye molecules was explored.