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The forensic analysis of stable isotopes is a valuable tool to geo-source natural or semisynthetic drugs such as cocaine and heroin. The present study describes a novel methodology to isolate morphine from opium for isotopic analysis. Furthermore, this isotopic data from regional sources is corroborated with morphine data obtained from seized heroin (deacetylated to morphine) from the same regions. All five primary alkaloids of opium, namely, morphine, codeine, thebaine, noscapine, and papaverine, were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array (PDA) detector before the preparative experiment to gather a complete major alkaloidal profile. Morphine fractions of authentic opium submissions from Mexico, South America, Southwest Asia, and Southeast Asia were isolated and collected using preparative high performance liquid chromatography, and the collected morphine samples were subsequently analyzed by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Carbon and nitrogen isotope data are presented. The data demonstrate that nitrogen ratios are capable of differentiating samples from Mexico and South America while carbon ratios are able to distinguish Southwest Asian samples from other source regions. Analogous results have routinely been observed (as part of Heroin Signature Program analysis) for morphine obtained from deacetylated authentic heroin samples from the same source regions. The results suggest that the poppy growing region has a greater influence on the carbon and nitrogen isotope values than the heroin manufacturing processes employed. When utilized in conjunction with existing signature methodologies, carbon and nitrogen isotope ratio data can enhance the ability to geo-source heroin.

Low morphine yielding winter ('Zeno Morphex') and summer ('Viola', 'Mieszko', 'Borowski') poppy varieties were investigated for their chemical composition and sensory properties. The oil content of the 13 seed samples as well as that of fatty acids, tocopherols, and volatile compounds in the respective oils were determined, and the sensory profiles of the seeds and oils were established. Linoleic acid made up 70.7-75.2% of the fatty acids. High amounts of γ-tocopherol were detected, especially in variety 'Viola' (287 ± 34 mg kg-1), while δ-tocopherol was only present in 'Zeno Morphex' (3.9 ± 0.6 mg kg-1). The most abundant volatiles were caproic acid (1.4-148 μg g-1), hexanal (0.9-15.2 μg g-1), 1-hexanol (0.3-20.1 μg g-1), limonene (1.3-9.4 μg g-1), and 2-pentylfuran (1.0-7.8 μg g-1). The sensory panel distinguished samples in particular by fatty/oily, rancid, sweet, and green attributes, the green aroma being correlated to three methoxypyrazines only present in summer poppies.

This article focuses on the uses of opiates in early modern Scotland in an effort to trace the neglected story of how poppy-based substances were used in this period across the British Isles. It explores their history in medical practices, examining sources as varied as household recipes, apothecaries' invoices, and the family correspondence of surgeons alongside the medical treatises and publications of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Considering the deployment of medicinal concoctions made from both the local red poppy and imported opium from the white poppy, the article argues that use of the former may have paved the way for the development of a market for the latter; the mild analgesia produced from the rhoeadine of the red flowers had prepared medical practitioners and others for the more potent painkilling of Papaver somniferum products. In this light, imported opium looks less like an "exotic" addition to the medicine of the period and more like an enhancement drawn into existing ideas and practices. The article concludes that it was pain and not pleasure that drove the market for imported opium.

The environmental benefits of agroforestry systems are well known. However, current knowledge of potential allelopathic interactions is inadequate. The decrease in soil fertility, the increasingly rhapsodic distribution of precipitation, and the special metabolism and cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants are all harbingers of medicinal-agroforestry systems. The authors aimed to discover the allelopathic effects of Juglans regia L. and Populus tremula L. on germination of medicinal and aromatic plants cultivated in a temperate zone. Accordingly, an in vitro germination trial was conducted with leachates of these trees and two juglone concentrations. These allelopathic effects were evaluated for germination vigour, germination rate, and total fresh weight of seedlings of twelve different species. A pronounced species specificity was observed in tolerance of seeds and seedlings to the allelopathic effect of Populus and Juglans. In four of the species studied, the allelopathic effect may inhibit germination, but only initially. Poppy and angelica proved to be the most sensitive to the treatments. The following species had relative tolerance to the allelochemicals, so further research under natural conditions is suggested for: Althea officinalis L. (9.34 ± 5.04–68.66 ± 13.62 GR%), Anethum graveolens L. (12.00 ± 2.00–100.00 ± 6.12 GR%), Cannabis sativa L. (72.66 ± 9.02–91.34 ± 1.16 GR%), Dracocephalum moldavica L. (38.00 ± 2.00–80.00 ± 17.44 GR%), Linum usitatissimum L. (44.66 ± 2.00–58.00 ± 3.46 GR%), and Satureja hortensis L. (52.00 ± 28.22–82.00 ± 8.00 GR%). The aim would be to introduce them into agroforestry systems.

Infections caused by Trichomonas vaginalis in humans are one of the main public health problems caused by sexually transmitted diseases. Objective of this study was to evaluate potential biological activity of the medicinal plant Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy) on T. vaginalis. Methanolic extracts of the stems and leaves of A. mexicana, and different fractions were prepared with solvents of different polarities. The extracts and functional groups were detected containing sterols, triterpenes, quinones, flavonoids and, alkaloids. Extracts from both the stems and leaves of A. mexicana inhibited the growth of T. vaginalis with half-maximal inhibitory concentration value of 70.6 and 67.2 μg/ml, respectively. In the active fractions, the most abundant compounds were berberine and jatrorrhizine, with presumed antiparasitic activity.

Limited information exists on the effectiveness of potential treatments to reduce levels of opium alkaloids that may be present in seeds from poppy (Papaver somniferum L.). Poppy seeds containing morphine at relatively lower (14.7 mg kg(−1)) and higher (210.0 mg kg(−1)) concentrations were subjected to dry heat and steam treatments, water washing, and baking. Sample extracts were then analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the opium alkaloids morphine, codeine, and thebaine. The results indicated that thermal treatment promoted opium alkaloid degradation in poppy seed samples, with a 50% loss of morphine observed after 30–40 min at 200 °C. Water washing reduced concentrations of opium alkaloids in poppy seeds by approximately 50–80%, while steam treatment resulted in a reduction of morphine in only one sample type. Importantly, baking had no significant effect on concentrations of opium alkaloids. Overall, these results indicate that opium alkaloids may not be significantly affected by baking or steam application and that poppy seeds may require water washing or extended thermal treatment to promote reduction of these compounds.

Production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and furfural (FF) from poppy stalks catalyzed by several metal chlorides (FeCl3, AlCl3, ZnCl2, CuCl2, CrCl3, CaCl2) was studied in water medium under one-pot hydrothermal reaction conditions at 180 °C, with a 1/20 solid to liquid ratio, for 120 min. Poppy stalks were subjected to direct hydrothermal conversion without any pretreatment. The highest 5-HMF and FF yields were achieved with CuCl2, CrCl3, and AlCl3 among the studied catalysts. The effect of catalyst dosage, reaction temperature, and reaction time were investigated to obtain optimal process conditions for HMF and FF production. Among the three catalysts, CuCl2 had the extreme performance. Maximum 5-HMF and FF yields were obtained as 12.24% and 79.86%, respectively, under hydrothermal conditions with 0.03 M CuCl2 at 200 °C for 30 min. Poppy stalks could be used as a raw material to produce sustainable chemicals to reduce CO2 emission and energy consumption in biorefinery concept.

In 2018, the European Food Safety Authority reiterated the need for continued monitoring and reduction of opium alkaloid contamination on culinary poppy seeds. In this study, we propose acidic potassium permanganate chemiluminescence as an alternative detection strategy for the selective determination of morphine on poppy seeds. Six different brands of poppy seed purchased in Australia were found to contain, on average, between 21 and 210 μg/g of morphine. Seeds removed from poppy capsules within the laboratory contained significantly less morphine than those which underwent traditional industrial processing. A high-throughput sensitive flow injection analysis (FIA) method was also developed which provided results in reasonable agreement with a high-performance liquid chromatography – chemiluminescence method and a limit of quantification of 7.1 × 10−4 μg/g. Complex samples encountered in food analyses typically require separation and selectivity in one or more steps of the analytical workflow (such as sample preparation, column separation and/or detection) to improve the confidence in the determination of the target analyte. To this end, the FIA method developed here offers a simple way for industry to rapidly monitor the morphine content of poppy seeds prior to entry into the consumer market.

Morphine is the most representative characteristic alkaloid existed in the extract solution of poppy shell. The analysis of morphine can be used to judge whether poppy shell is illegally added to the hot pot soup base. A sensitive, environmental-friendly carbon quantum dots (C-Dots)–based fluorescence immunoassay (C-Dots-FLISA) was developed to detect morphine (MOP). Novel water-soluble C-Dots were synthesized using a one-step hydrothermal reaction, with citric acid serving as the carbon source and ethylene diamine acting as the nitrogen source. Moreover, the C-Dots displayed blue fluorescence with an emission peak at 440 nm (350 nm excitation), which also showed good stability. C-Dots which contained amine were used to conjugate with anti-morphine antibody by glutaraldehyde as coupling reagents. The anti-morphine antibody–labeled C-Dots (Abs-labeled C-Dots) were characterized by fluorescence spectrum, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and gel electrophoresis. C-Dots-FLISA was developed and applied to quantitative detection of morphine. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range spanned from 3.2 × 10−4 to 10 mg/L (R2 = 0.992), and the detection limit was 3 × 10−4 mg/L. These results demonstrated that the developed C-Dots-FLISA could be applied as a sensitive and convenient tool for rapid detection of morphine.

Activity-guided fractionation of poppy seed (Papaver somniferum L.) extracts and analysis of fatty acid oxidation model experiments, followed by liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry, tandem mass spectrometry, and one-/two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, revealed the chemical structures of five bitter-tasting fatty acids (1-5), three monoglycerides (6-8), six C18-lipidoxidation products (9-14), and four lipid oxidation degradation products (15 and 17-19) as well as two previously unreported monoglyceride oxidation degradation products, namely, 9-(2',3'-dihydroxypropyloxy)-9-oxononaic acid (1-azeloyl-rac-glycerol, 16) and 1-(2',3'-dihydroxypropyl)-8-(5″-oxo-2″,5″-dihydrofruan-2″-yl)-octonoate (1-ODFO-rac-glycerol, 20). Sensory studies exhibited low bitter taste threshold concentrations between 0.08 and 0.29 mmol/L, particularly for the higher oxidated C18-fatty acids trihydroxyoctadecenoic acid (THOE, 12), 12,13-dihydroxy-9-oxo-10-octadecenoic acid (12,13-diOH-9-oxo, 13), and 9,10-dihydroxy-13-oxo-11-octadecenoic acid (9,10-diOH-13-oxo, 14) as well as for the lipidoxidation degradation products 4-hydroxy-2-noneic acid (4-HNA, 17), 4-hydroxy-2-docecendienoic acid (HDdiA, 18), and 8-(5'-oxo-2',5'-dihydrofuran-2'-yl)-octanoic acid (ODFO, 20).

The physiological quality of seeds is commonly characterized by the germination and vigor, which can be defined as the sum of attributes that confers the potential for seeds to germinate, rapidly emerge and result in normal seedlings under a wide range of environmental conditions. The purpose of the study was to test alternative methodologies for the accelerated aging test to evaluate the physiological potential of poppy seeds. Samples obtained from four batches were subjected to germination test at a temperature of 20 °C, traditional accelerated aging and accelerated aging diluted with saline solution (11 g of NaCl in 100 mL-1 of water) using three temperatures, 41 °C, 42 ºC and 43 ºC , for periods of 12 and 24 hours. The percentage of germination, the rate of emergence velocity, performed together with the emergence speed and the percentage of seedling emergence test were evaluated. It is concluded that the methodology of traditional accelerated aging with temperature of 43 °C and period of 12h shows to be promising for the verification of the physiological quality of poppy seeds.

Biogenic amines are generally created by the decarboxylation of amino acids via microbial enzymes and these compounds may have a toxic effect on humans and animals. The ripening and storage conditions of meat and meat products directly affect the quality of such products in terms of biogenic amines. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of poppy oil, which is produced and consumed in large quantities in Afyonkarahisar province, on the formation of biogenic amines in fermented sausages. In the study, 2 groups of sausages were produced including control and poppy oil groups. 300 mg / kg poppy oil was added to the sausage that would be produced in the poppy oil group. The sausages were ripened for 15 days in the surrounding where relative humidity (90-60%) and the temperature (25-18 ° C) could be adjusted. During this period (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 13 and 15 days), physico-chemical, sensory, microbiological properties and biogenic amine (histamine, putresin, tryptamine, phenyl ethylamine and tyramine) formations were determined in the samples. As a result, it is recommended that the poppy oil used does not cause a significant difference in the formation of biogenic amines, does not adversely affect the general characteristics of the sausage and that the amount of animal fat is reduced and alternatively, the use of poppy oil in the production of fermented sausage is recommended.

Oilseed cakes are produced as a by-product of oil pressing and are mostly used as feed. Their use for human consumption is due to the functional properties and benefits for human health. Herein, oilseed cake flours of eight species (flax, hemp, milk thistle, poppy, pumpkin, rapeseed, safflower, sunflower) were sieved into fractions above (A250) and below (B250) 250 µm. The chemical composition, SDS-PAGE profiles, colour, functional properties and antioxidant activities of these flours were evaluated. The B250 fractions were evaluated as being protein and ash rich, reaching crude protein and ash content ranging from 31.78% (milk thistle) to 57.47% (pumpkin) and from 5.0% (flax) to 11.19% (poppy), respectively. A high content of carbohydrates was found in the flours of hemp, milk thistle and safflower with a significant increase for the A250 fraction, with a subsequent relation to a high water holding capacity (WHC) for the A250 fraction (flax, poppy, pumpkin and sunflower). The A250 milk thistle flour was found to have the richest in polyphenols content (TPC) (40.89 mg GAE/g), with the highest antioxidant activity using an ABTS•+ assay (101.95 mg AAE/g). The A250 fraction for all the species exhibited lower lightness than the B250 fraction. The obtained results indicate that sieving oilseed flour with the aim to prepare flours with specific functional characteristics and composition is efficient only in combination with a particular species.

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicants Nisso Chemical Europe GmbH and Sipcam Italia S.p.A. submitted requests to the competent national authority in the Netherlands and in Italy, respectively, to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the active substance acetamiprid in various crops. The data submitted in support of these requests were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for plums, aubergines, peppers, cucumbers, courgettes, other cucurbits with edible peel, poppy seeds, mustard seeds, pomegranates and honey. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of acetamiprid in the commodities under consideration at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short‐term and long‐term intake of residues resulting from the use of acetamiprid according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health.

In recent years, health authorities have become increasingly concerned about preventing consumer exposure to opium alkaloids present in Papaver somniferum L. poppy seeds. In this study, a simple, rapid and efficient method has been optimised to determine all main opioids in poppy seeds (morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine, noscapine and oripavine) by UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS. For this purpose, solid-liquid extraction (SLE) of samples was optimised and six magnetic adsorbent materials with a core of Fe3O4 coated with amorphous and mesostructured silica, both functionalised with octadecyl-silane or octyl-silane were characterised and evaluated for magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE). The material with the best results was non-functionalised mesostructured silica and, with it, the MSPE procedure was optimised. This method was validated and used to quantify six opioids in 14 edible seed samples (eleven poppy seeds and three seed mixes). Considerable amounts were found (1.5–249.0 mg/kg morphine, &lt, 0.2 µg/kg–45.8 mg/kg codeine, &lt, 2.4 µg/kg–136.2 mg/kg thebaine, &lt, 0.2 µg/kg–27.1 mg/kg papaverine, &lt, 0.2 µg/kg–108.7 mg/kg noscapine and &lt, 240 µg/kg–33.4 mg/kg oripavine), exceeding maximum limits established in some EU countries and the reference level of morphine in the EU. Furthermore, in some commercial samples for human consumption, inadequate labelling was found because significant amounts of alkaloids were detected even though Papaver rhoeas L. seeds were declared on the product label.

Background & Aim: Yellow horned poppy is known as an antidiabetic drug in Iran folk medicine. This study was conducted to compare the effect of yellow horned poppy and glibenclamide on blood glucose concentration, blood lipid profile and weight of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Materials & Methods: 40 male rats were randomly divided into five groups of eight: 1)healthy control 2)healthy treated with 500 mg/kg of body weight (BW)/day of the extract 3)diabetic control 4)diabetic treated with 500 mg/kg of BW/day of the extract 5)diabetic treated with 5µg/kg of BW/day of glibenclamide. Diabetes induced in the 3rd,4th and 5th groups by intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/kg BW of alloxan. The weight of rats was measured after 1, 14 and 28 days. After a month, animals were euthanized and blood samples collected to measure serum levels of fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and lipoproteins including: HLD-C and LDL-C by an auto-analyzer. Data analysis was performed by repeated measure Anova, one way Anova and Tukey test. Results: We found a significant decrease in glucose concentration in the diabetic+extract group compared to the diabetic control (P

The biosynthesis path engineering could be very promising for mass production of alkaloids by applying elicitors in the cell suspension culture of Persian poppy (Papaver bracteatum Lindl.). In this work, the effects of different concentrations of methyl jasmonate (MJ) and phloroglucinol (PG) on thebaine and sanguinarine productions in vitro were investigated. Roots as explant and supplementing 3 mg L–1 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid with 0.5 mg L–1 Benzyl amino purine to modified MS medium were selected to achieve the most efficient combination for callus induction and production of callus fresh and dry weights. At 48 h after treatment, the addition of PG and MJ individually and in combination together significantly increased both thebaine and sanguinarine contents than the control. The results of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detection indicated that the highest production rate has been achieved through a synergic effect of two elicitors after 48 h. Results revealed that adding 200 μM of MJ and 100 mg L–1 PG increased thebaine and sanguinarine contents by 56.36 and 107.71–fold than control cells, respectively.

Frequently used pre-emergent herbicide metazachlor was encapsulated into high molecular weight poly(lactic acid) particles, and its subsequent release and the effectivity of such formulations were investigated. Two sets of polymeric micro- and submicro particles, both with the theoretical metazachlor loading of 20%, 30%, and 40%, were prepared and characterized. Loading efficiency reached 80% for both types of particles. Release profiles were tested in vitro for the individual particle variants and were shown to have a bimodal profile with the initial fast burst release and much slower second phase. Finally, selected formulations were tested in vivo against target plants (field poppy and barnyard grass) and non-targets plants (mustard and rapeseed) and showed improved inhibition of target plants (about 30% higher for barnyard grass) and at the same time lower inhibition of non-target plants (rapeseed) in comparison with the identical dose of metazachlor alone.

The oil quality, fatty acid composition, tocopherol contents, and phenolic compounds of oven- and microwave-roasted seeds from three different poppy varieties (blue, yellow, and white) were investigated. The quantity, acidity, unsaponifiable matter, peroxide, and saponification values of oil were generally higher in roasted seeds compared to those in raw poppy seeds (control). Total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanin contents, and antioxidant activity of roasted seeds were less than those of the control. Roasting decreased fatty acid contents including linoleic acid in blue, yellow, and white seeds and its contents remained 57.91, 61.91, and 64.83% in control oil (oil from raw seeds) but decreased to 57.23, 60.78, and 64.11% in oven-roasted and 56.97, 60.08, and 60.84% in microwave-roasted seed oil, respectively. The tocopherol (α, β, γ, and δ) contents also decreased after roasting and β and γ-types predominated. The major phenolic compounds were vanillic, p-hydroxybenzoic, ferulic, p-coumaric,cinnamic, and protocatechuic acids. The vanillic acid content ranged from 64.38–71.17 mg/100 g in raw seed, 41.86–49.76 mg/100 g in oven-roasted, and 43.66–56.71 mg/100 g in microwave-roasted seed. The current study revealed that poppy seeds and their oil have excellent nutritional qualities that are significantly reduced after roasting.

Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) remains the only commercial source for several pharmaceutical alkaloids. In present study, opium poppy plants were genetically manipulated via VIGS technique using pTRV2-BBE (to silencing of BBE1 gene), pTRV2-COM (to simultaneous silencing of T6ODM and CODM genes) and pTRV2-BBE-COM (to simultaneous silencing of T6ODM, CODM and BBE1 genes) constructs. Also, via Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression technique, poppy plants were genetically manipulated using ACS (to simultaneous silencing of T6ODM, CODM and BBE1) and ACS-4ꞌOMT2 (to simultaneous silencing of T6ODM, CODM and BBE1 and over-expression of 4ꞌOMT2) constructs. HPLC analysis showed lower sanguinarine and noscapine levels and elevated levels of morphine in plants infiltrated with pTRV2-BBE construct. In plants infiltrated with pTRV2-COM construct, reduction in the morphine and codeine content and a substantial increase in accumulation of thebaine and papaverine were observed. A substantial increase in the accumulation of thebaine and papaverine and lower levels of morphine, codeine, sanguinarine and noscapine were observed in plants infiltrated with pTRV2-BBE-COM and ACS constructs. Plants infiltrated with ACS-4ꞌOMT2 showed lower levels of codeine, sanguinarine and noscapine and elevated levels of morphine, thebaine and papaverine. Although, previous studies reported the role of our selected genes in benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) biosynthetic pathway, but we simultaneously engineered these genes to alter the levels of specific BIAs and take advantage of all genes at the same time. For the first time, we showed different pattern in BIAs accumulation in simultaneous gene manipulation compared with single gene manipulation in previous reports, especially for higher levels of thebaine (about 1550%) and papaverine (about 155%). We also determined potential role of BBE1 gene in noscapine biosynthesis. This is the first report of simultaneous silencing and over-expression of biosynthetic genes in opium poppy and our finding could establish vast potential for metabolic engineering in opium poppy.

In this study, the potential use of ancient plant ingredients in emerging bakery products based on possible prehistoric and/or ancient practices of grinding and breadmaking was explored. Various ancient grains, nuts and seeds (einkorn wheat, barley, acorn, lentil, poppy seeds, linseed) were ground using prehistoric grinding tool replicas. Barley-based sourdough prepared by multiple back-slopping steps was added to dough made from einkorn alone or mixed with the above ingredients (20% level) or commercial flours alone (common wheat, spelt, barley). Sieving analysis showed that 40% of the einkorn flour particles were &gt, 400 μm, whereas commercial barley and common wheat flours were finer. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that lentil flour exhibited higher melting peak temperature and lower apparent enthalpy of starch gelatinization. Among all bread formulations tested, barley dough exhibited the highest elastic modulus and complex viscosity, as determined by dynamic rheometry, einkorn breads fortified with linseed and barley had the softest and hardest crust, respectively, as indicated by texture analysis, and common wheat gave the highest loaf-specific volume. Barley sourdough inclusion into einkorn dough did not affect the extent of starch retrogradation in the baked product. Generally, incorporation of ancient plant ingredients into contemporary bread formulations seems to be feasible.

Haşhaş (Papaver somniferum L.) hem dünyada hem de ülkemizde önemli bir tıbbi bitkidir. Aynı zamanda tohumlarından yağ elde edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Yozgat ekolojik koşullarında yetiştiriciliği yapılan iki haşhaş çeşidinin (TMO-1 ve OFİS 8) tohumlarından soğuk presle elde edilen yağların, Transesterifikasyon yöntemi ile 2 aşamalı olarak üretimi gerçekleştirilerek bazı biyodizel özellikleri tespit edilmiş, standartlara uygunluğu incelenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler TMO-1 ve OFİS 8 çeşitleri için sırasıyla; kinematik viskoziteleri (40°C’de) 4.238, 4.139 mm2/s; yoğunlukları, 884.46 kg/m3, 883.82 kg/m3, parlama noktaları, 169°C, 164°C; su muhtevaları, 425.38 mg/kg, 496.39 mg/kg; bulutlanma noktaları, - 3°C, -7°C; akma noktaları, -7°C, -16°C; donma noktaları, -11°C, -21°C; pH’ları, 7, 6.6; sülfat ve kül miktarları, 0.0095 m/m (%), 0.0110 m/m (%), SFTN, -1°C, -2°C olarak tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen yakıt analiz sonuçlarının EN 14214 ve ASTM D6751 standartlarına uygun olup olmadığı amaçlanmış ve uygunluk gösterdiği görülmüştür. Bu sonuçlara göre haşhaş biyodizelleri B100 ya da daha farklı karışım yakıtların dizel motorlarda kullanılabilecek özelliklere sahip olduğu söylenebilir., Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is an important medicinal plant both in the world and in our country. At the same time, oil is obtained from the seeds. In this study, the oils obtained from the seeds of two poppy cultivars (TMO-1 and OFİS 8) grown in Yozgat ecological conditions were produced by the Transesterification method in 2 stages, some biodiesel properties were determined and their compliance with the standards was examined. The data obtained are for TMO-1 and OFİS 8 cultivars; kinematic viscosities (at 40°C) 4.238, 4.139 mm2/s; densities, 884.46 kg/m3, 883.82 kg/m3, flash points, 169°C, 164°C; water contents, 425.38 mg / kg, 496.39 mg / kg; cloud points, -3°C, -7°C; pour points, -7°C, - 16°C; freezing points, -11 ° C, -21 ° C; their pH is 7, 6.6; sulfate and ash amounts were determined as 0.0095 m/m (%), 0.0110 m/m (%), SFTN, -1°C, -2°C, respectively. It was aimed whether the obtained fuel analysis results comply with EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 standards and it has been seen that they comply. According to these results, it can be said that poppy biodiesels B100 or different blended fuels have properties that can be used in diesel engines.

Persian poppy (Papaver bracteatum Lindl.) is a perennial medicinal plant belonging to the Papaveraceae family that is endemic to the mountainous areas in Northern Iran. It is known for high amounts of the valuable benzylisoquinoline alkaloid thebaine. The effects of induced polyploidy as well as the effect of methyl Jasmonate (MeJA) elicitation on the root production of thebaine and on the expression of five alkaloid biosynthesis related genes were studied. The in vitro tetraploidy induction caused a significant increased expression of norcoclaurine synthase (NCS) and salutaridinol (SAT), and a significant decreased expression of berberine bridge enzyme (BBE) in the leaves. In the root tissues, the BBE, NCS, and SAT showed an increased expression in tetraploid plants, while codeinone reductase (COR) showed a decreased expression. A similar alteration pattern was found in mixoploid plants when compared to their diploid counterparts. MeJA at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mM caused a remarkable increase in the thebaine content in the roots of treated plants, where the highest thebaine content was identified in plants elicited with 0.5 mM MeJA. Elicitation treatment caused a substantial increase in the expression of NCS and SAT in the leaves, while it had no major effect on BBE, codeine 3-O-demethylase (CODM) and COR. Expression analysis in the roots showed that MeJA caused a significant increase in the expression of only BBE and NCS, while expression of other studied genes remained unchanged. Our results may be exploited for improved thebaine production and the processing of Persian poppy.

Along with a series of microorganisms, different moulds occur as causes for the spoilage of different foods of plant and animal origin. Their metabolites, i.e. secondary products of metabolism called mycotoxins are a group of natural compounds that differ in chemical structure and biological activity. Mycotoxins have different toxic effects in human and animal organisms and can cause dangerous diseases called mycotoxicoses. In addition to bacterial and fungal toxins, toxic products can also be produced by other simple microorganisms. These toxic products pose a great danger to the human body. For detecting microbiotic toxins in the study was used peanut paste, nuts, poppy seeds and white bread. According to analyzes of total aflatoxins, aflatoxins B1 and ochratoxins, can be ascertained that toxins at a significant concentration rarely occur in finished processed products such as peanut paste, poppy seeds and white bread.

Several commonly used extraction procedures and commercial kits were compared for extraction of DNA from opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) seeds, ground seeds, pollen grains, poppy seed filling from a bakery product, and poppy oil. The newly developed extraction protocol was much simpler, reduced the cost and time required for DNA extraction from the native and ground seeds, and pollen grains. The quality of extracted DNA by newly developed protocol was better or comparable to the most efficient ones. After being extended by a simple purification step on a silica membrane column, the newly developed protocol was also very effective in extracting of poppy DNA from poppy seed filling. DNA extracted from this poppy matrix was amplifiable by PCR analysis. DNA extracted from cold-pressed poppy oil and suitable for amplifications was obtained only by methods developed previously for olive oil. Extracted poppy DNA from all tested matrices was analysed by PCR using primers flanking a microsatellite locus (156 bp) and two different fragments of the reference tubulin gene (553 bp and 96 bp). The long fragment of the reference gene was amplified in DNA extracted from native seeds, ground seeds, and pollen grains. Poppy DNA extracted from the filling of bakery product was confirmed only by amplification of short fragments (96 bp and 156 bp). DNA extracted from cold-pressed poppy oil was determined also only by amplification of these two short fragments.

Cold pressed oils obtained from chia (Salvia hispanica L.), milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.), nigella (Nigella sativa L.), and white and black varieties of poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) seeds were character­ized. The nutritional quality was determined based on the analysis of fatty acids, tocochromanol and phytos­terol contents, as well as antioxidant activity and general physico-chemical properties. Among the oils analyzed the fatty acid composition most beneficial for health was found in chia seed oil, with 65.62% of α-linolenic acid and the n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio of 1:3.5. Other oils studied were rich sources of linoleic acid (18.35-74.70%). Chia seed oil was also distinguished by high contents of phytosterols, mainly β-sitosterol (2160.17 mg/kg oil). The highest content of tocochromanols was found in milk thistle oil with dominant α-tocopherol (530.2 mg/kg oil). In contrast, the highest antioxidant activity was recorded for nigella oil (10.23 μM Trolox/g), which indi­cated that, in addition to tocopherols, other antioxidants influenced its antioxidant potential. Se caracterizaron aceites prensados en frío obtenidos de semillas de chía (Salvia hispanica L.), cardo mariano (Silybum marianum L.), nigella (Nigella sativa L.) y de variedades blancas y negras de amapola (Papaver somniferum L.). La calidad nutricional se determinó en base al análisis de ácidos grasos, el contenido de tococromanoles y fitosteroles, así como la actividad antioxidante y las propie­dades fisicoquímicas generales. Entre los aceites analizados, la composición de ácidos grasos más beneficiosa para la salud se encontró en el aceite de semilla de chía, con un 65,62% de ácido α-linolénico y una relación de ácido graso n-6:n-3 de 1:3,5. Los demás aceites estudiados fueron ricos en ácido linoleico (18,35-74,70%). El aceite de semilla de chía también se distinguió por el alto contenido de fitosteroles, principalmente β-sitosterol (2160,17 mg/kg de aceite). El mayor contenido de tococromanoles se encontró en el aceite de cardo mariano con α-tocoferol dominante (530,2 mg/kg de aceite). Por el contrario, se registró la mayor actividad antioxidante para el aceite de nigella (10,23 μM Trolox/g), lo que indica que, además del tocoferol, otros antioxidantes influyeron en su potencial antioxidante.

The use of chemometric tools is progressing to scientific areas where analytical chemistry is present, such as food science. In analytical food evaluation, oils represent an important field, allowing the exploration of the antioxidant effects of herbs and seeds. However, traditional methodologies have some drawbacks which must be overcome, such as being time-consuming, requiring sample preparation, the use of solvents/reagents, and the generation of toxic waste. The objective of this study is to evaluate the protective effect provided by plant-based substances (directly, or as extracts), including pumpkin seeds, poppy seeds, dehydrated goji berry, and Proven&ccedil, al herbs, against the oxidation of antioxidant-free soybean oil. Synthetic antioxidants tert-butylhydroquinone and butylated hydroxytoluene were also considered. The evaluation was made through thermal degradation of soybean oil at different temperatures, and near-infrared spectroscopy was employed in an n-way mode, coupled with Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) to extract nontrivial information. The results for PARAFAC indicated that factor 1 shows oxidation product information, while factor 2 presents results regarding the antioxidant effect. The plant-based extract was more effective in improving the frying stability of soybean oil. It was also possible to observe that while the oxidation product concentration increased, the antioxidant concentration decreased as the temperature increased. The proposed method is shown to be a simple and fast way to obtain information on the protective effects of antioxidant additives in edible oils, and has an encouraging potential for use in other applications.

The opium alkaloids (morphine, codeine, thebaine, noscapine, and papaverine) have been detected on poppy seeds; they are widely used by the food industry for decoration and flavor but can introduce opium alkaloids into the food chain. Of the opium alkaloids found on poppy seeds, morphine, and codeine are the most pharmacologically active and have been detected in biological matrices collected in workplace and roadside drug testing resulting in positive opiate results. The European Food Safety Authority introduced an acute reference dose of 10 μg morphine/kg of body weight as a safe level for morphine in food products. In this work, it was found that in harvested poppy seeds, and thermally processed poppy seeds (with and without a food matrix), if used in normal levels would not exceed the recommended acute reference dose. It was also shown that the levels of all alkaloids reduce when thermally processed, in comparison with harvested, untreated seeds.

The aim was to develop a snack bar using regional food products. The formulation included traditional cereals and amaranth, quinoa, sunflower, flax, chia, sesame and poppy seeds subjected to different treatments. Two sensory evaluations were carried out to evaluate acceptability. Snack bars containing toasted seeds presented high acceptability by the consumer. Amaranth, quinoa, chia and sunflower significantly increased the acceptability. The sensory methods applied allowed for the selection of ingredients and processing technologies that increase the preference of consumers.

The pigment responsible for the yellow colour of the Iceland poppy (Papaver nudicaule) has fascinated chemists for decades. Named nudicaulin by Sir Robert Robinson in 1939, this flavoalkaloid has been the subject of several structural elucidation, biosynthesis, total synthesis and chemical ecology investigations. This account provides a chronological overview of the fascinating history of this natural product.

Papaver nudicaule L. (Iceland poppy) is widely used for ornamental purposes. A previous study demonstrated the alleviation of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation mediated by P. nudicaule extract through nuclear factor-kappa B and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 inactivation. As isoquinoline alkaloids are chemical markers and bioactive constituents of Papaver species, the present study investigated the alkaloid profile of aerial parts of five P. nudicaule cultivars with different flower colors and a P. rhoeas cropped for two years. A combination of liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry and molecular networking was used to cluster isoquinoline alkaloids in the species and highlight the possible metabolites. Aside from the 12 compounds, including rotundine, muramine, and allocryptopine, identified from Global Natural Products Social library and reported information, 46 structurally related metabolites were quantitatively investigated. Forty-two and 16 compounds were proposed for chemical profiles of P. nudicaule and P. rhoeas, respectively. Some species-specific metabolites showed similar fragmentation patterns. The alkaloid abundance of P. nudicaule differed depending on the flower color, and the possible chemical markers were proposed. These results show that molecular networking-guided dereplication allows investigation of unidentified metabolites. The derived chemical profile may facilitate evaluation of P. nudicaule quality for pharmacological applications.

Plant density for poppy (Papaver Somniferum L.) and impacts of genotype and nitrogen fertilizer dose applications on total ash, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu contents on poppy leaves, capsule yield, seed yield and morphine ratio were investigated. Two plant density (SD1: 25 plants per m2, SD2: 16 plants per m2), four poppy genotypes (Zaferyolu, Tinaztepe, Ofis 3 and Local line) and four nitrogen fertilizer dose (0, 6, 12 and 18 kg da-1) were used. Experiments were conducted in randomized complete block, split-split plots design with 3 replications for 2 years (2009/10 and 2010/11). While the effect of plant density x nitrogen dose x genotype interaction was statistically significant in terms of the total ash (p

Powdered Poppy Capsule Extractive (PPCE) is largely used as a raw material of Compound Liquorice Tablets, but there are few studies of its quality evaluation or control. In this paper, a novel strategy for quality assessment of PPCE, systematic quantified fingerprint method (SQFM) combined with quantitative analysis of multi-components by a single marker (QAMS) method, was developed and validated. According to the outcome of Pm and the content of codeine and morphine, 41 batches of PPCEs were classified into two classifications by hierarchical cluster analysis, and the samples in one of the categories were obviously inferior to normal in quality. The results demonstrated that the strategy developed in this paper could provide a new method for quality evaluation of PPCE or even other traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).

An enzymatic biosynthesis approach is described for codeine, the most widely used medicinal opiate, providing a more environmentally sustainable alternative to current chemical conversion, with yields and productivity compatible with industrial production. Escherichia coli strains were engineered to express key enzymes from poppy, including the recently discovered neopinone isomerase, producing codeine from thebaine. We show that compartmentalization of these enzymes in different cells is an effective strategy that allows active spatial and temporal control of reactions, increasing yield and volumetric productivity and reducing byproduct generation. Codeine is produced at a yield of 64% and a volumetric productivity of 0.19 g/(L·h), providing the basis for an industrially applicable aqueous whole-cell biotransformation process. This approach could be used to redirect thebaine-rich feedstocks arising from the U.S. reduction of opioid manufacturing quotas or applied to enable total biosynthesis and may have broader applicability to other medicinal plant compounds.

Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is a versatile plant that used as a food for its seeds and oil and considered as an ornamental plant because of its flowers and dry capsules. It is also used for medicinal purposes. P. somniferum grows in regions with hot summers and midlevel rains. The main producer countries are Turkey, India, Australia, France, Spain, and Hungary. Around 51% of the area used worldwide for poppy cultivation is in Turkey. Due to its high linoleic acid content, it is considered as a good source for dietary supplements. Moreover, interest in cold pressed poppy seed oil is increasing day by day due to the nutritional and antioxidative effects of tocols and sterols. This chapter deals with cultivation, growing areas, and uses of poppy seed, and the physicochemical properties and bioactive compounds of cold pressed poppy seed oil obtained from various cultivars.

The effect of the addition of selected flavour enhancers (dried garlic, dried onion, caraway seeds, poppy seeds, kelp, sesame, Herbs de Provence) on levels of chloropropanediol esters (2-MCPDE, 3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) was investigated in classic savoury shortbread with standard and reduced salt level. The changes in the amount of esters after a 2-month storage period were also analysed. Finally, selected products with reduced salt level were evaluated by consumers. The obtained results suggested that the MCPDE and GE present in bakery fat were transferred to the dough and partially decomposed during baking. Ester degradation depended on the presence of flavour additives and the amount of salt. The addition of poppy seeds or sesame accelerated the degradation, whereas onion and garlic inhibited the decomposition and, in some cases, promoted the endogenous formation of 3-MCPDE. The added salt also partially inhibited the decomposition of 3-MCPD esters but had no impact on 2-MCPDE changes. After a 2-month storage period, the level of 3-MCPDE increased in all samples that did not contain salt, while in salty products as well as for 2-MCPDE no such trends were observed. GE levels decreased after 2 months in almost all investigated samples. The consumer acceptability tests showed that the addition of poppy seeds or sesame seeds to the shortbread with reduced salt was highly evaluated by consumers. Hence, the addition of these flavour enhancers can mask the reduced salt amount, thereby lowering not only the level of sodium in the diet, but also the levels of toxic contaminants such as MCPDE or GE.

Poppy (Papaver somniferum) is a traditional source of isoquinoline alkaloids, especially morphine, codeine and papaverine that exhibit a wide spectrum of therapeutic effects. Due to beneficial properties, poppy has been used by humankind for several thousand years and is still being used around the world. The present study was aimed to investigate alkaloid composition and biological activity of various parts of the plant (leaves, stems, roots, capsules, flowers, seeds) in an ornamental variety of P. somniferum. The alkaloid content rangedwithin 0.16 – 6.5 mg/g fresh weight of raw plant material. The major components of the alkaloid fraction were papaverine (37.7 – 2062.9 μg/g), codeine (7.4 – 1280.5 μg/g) and morphine (3.25 – 929.3 μg/g). The P. somniferum alkaloid extract produced a strong antioxidant effect, which was evaluated using the radical-scavenging DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. The antioxidant properties were characterized by IC50 values ranging within 35.1 – 157.6 μg/mL for DPPH radical and 138.5 – 306.3 μg/mL for ABTS∙•+ radical scavenging. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values varied from 59.75 to 1348.71 mM FeSO4/g extract. The alkaloid extract was active against all human tumor cell lines studied (HeLa, Caco-2, MCF-7, CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR 5000). The methanol extract exhibited a pronounced cytotoxicity against most of cancer cell lines studied, especially those with a low expression of ABC transporters.

Buckwheat breads enriched with seeds (e.g., poppy, carum, amaranth, sunflower, and pumpkin) and nuts can be excellent sources of selected macro- and microelements and bioactive components, such as phenolics, essential oils, unsaturated fatty acids, fiber, and vitamins, however, no studies described their impacts on body biochemical parameters and antioxidant status. The aim of this study was to a determine the safety (the analyses of blood morphological and biochemical parameters) of short-term diets based on buckwheat breads supplemented with the commonly used functional ingredients. Additionally, we confirmed the usefulness of these fortified breads in a reduction of blood cholesterol and triacylglycerols, as well as an improvement of in vivo antioxidant status of Wistar rats. Enriched breads presented an increased phenolic content, however, it has not been translated into an elevation of antioxidant capacities. During short-term in vivo experiments, the studied breads increased the body mass of the rats, except the control buckwheat bread. Compared to the control, the poppy-milk bread markedly lowered (&ndash, 23%) and egg yolk&ndash, carum bread significantly increased (+17%) the total cholesterol concentration in serum. All the fortified breads decreased triacylglycerols&rsquo, levels by about 50%. Bread enriched with the poppy&ndash, milk, milk-seed, egg yolk&ndash, carum, and a mix of additives decreased superoxide dismutase activity by 68%, 66%, 73%, and 71%, respectively. Catalase activity was significantly decreased in the rats fed with carum bread (&ndash, 62%) and markedly increased in the groups fed with egg yolk&ndash, carum bread (+89%), hazel nuts&ndash, amaranth bread (+72%), and milk&ndash, seeds bread (+65%). The results confirmed the usefulness and safety of functional additives in buckwheat breads.

Alternative raw materials for designing novel products are gaining interest in the scientific area. The aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the extracts obtained from Papaver somniferum L. stalks as well as the determination of chemical composition. Antioxidant capacity was tested by using different chemical methods including radical scavenging, reductive effect, phosphomolybdenum and metal chelating assays. Enzyme inhibitory effect was investigated against cholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase. To detect chemical composition, phenolic profile was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as well as total contents of the phytochemicals. The aqueous extract was found to contain high amount of phenolics and flavonoids [9.87 μmol gallic acid equivalents (GAEs)/g dry plant (dp) and 0.09 μmol rutin equivalents (REs)/g dp, respectively]. The methanol and aqueous extracts were also found to contain considerable amounts of (−)-epicatechin and syringic acid. Antioxidant activity tests were resulted in the superiority of the methanol extract. The extracts did not show inhibitory activity on cholinesterases and tyrosinase. Inhibitory activity of the aqueous extract on α-amylase and α-glucosidase were found to be 9.85 and 78.64 μmol acarbose equivalents (ACEs)/g dp, respectively. As a result, P. somniferum stalks, one of the major by-products of poppy cultivation, can be used as the alternative source of antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory compounds in food and medical industries. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.

Papaver plants can produce diverse bioactive alkaloids. Papaver rhoeas Linnaeus (common poppy or corn poppy) is an annual flowering medicinal plant used for treating cough, sleep disorder, and as a sedative, pain reliever, and food. It contains various powerful alkaloids like rhoeadine, benzylisoquinoline, and proaporphine. To investigate and identify alkaloids in the aerial parts of P. rhoeas, samples were collected at different growth stages and analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry. A liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry method was developed for the identification and metabolite profiling of alkaloids for P. rhoeas by comparing with Papaver somniferum. Eighteen alkaloids involved in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis were used to optimize the liquid chromatography gradient and mass spectrometry conditions. Fifty‐five alkaloids, including protoberberine, benzylisoquinoline, aporphine, benzophenanthridine, and rhoeadine‐type alkaloids, were identified authentically or tentatively by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry in samples taken during various growth stages. Rhoeadine alkaloids were observed only in P. rhoeas samples, and codeine and morphine were tentatively identified in P. somniferum. The liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry method can be a powerful tool for the identification of diverse metabolites in the genus Papaver. These results may help understand the biosynthesis of alkaloids in P. rhoeas and evaluate the quality of this plant for possible medicinal applications.

Poppy seeds are one of the most important and oldest oil-bearing crops in the world. Therefore, quality control of poppy seeds and food products whose composition contains them as a food additive, is very important. To this end, we have applied procedures for solid-phase spectrophotometric and photometric determining of micro elements in food products. It was established that in determining cadmium and zinc, the best ion exchanger for the group concentration of interfering metal ions is the ion exchanger with the immobilized KO. made it possible to concentrate and determine in the solid phase the ions of Hg(II). Using enabled selective determining of Pb(II). Selective determining of the Fe(III) ions at pH 3 was conducted using ammonium thiocyanate. Cu(II) was determined photometrically upon masking the ions of Fe(III) employing SPADNS. Based on the data acquired, we have developed a microelement analysis scheme for poppy seeds. It was established that the sample contained, mg/kg: Cu(ІІ) – 5.0; Pb(ІІ) – 0.3, Zn(ІІ) – 50, P(V) – 1,600, K − 550, Na – 20, Ca – 1,500, Mg(II) – 450; Fe(ІІІ) −10; Cd(ІІ) and Hg(ІІ) are absent. The proposed scheme for analysis of poppy seeds is universal and could be applied for microelement analysis of other food products. The procedures employed are characterized by sensitivity and selectivity. Ion exchangers with the immobilized dyes, as well as procedures for the solid-phase spectrophotometric determining, are environmentally safe. They do not require the use of toxic organic reagents. The procedures applied are easy to use. Relative standard deviation in the results does not exceed 0.10. This indicates good reproducibility of the results.

The complex of plant metabolites as a set of certain substances can be characterized by chemical and physicochemical methods of analysis. A chemical characteristic involves the identification of a set of individual substances - chemical markers unique to a selected plant object; and the entire visible set of components as a characteristic profile – a "chemical fingerprint".The object of the study is the poppy of Kuvaev (Papaver kuvajevii). A new kind of poppy; described in 2003. Endemic. Perennial. It grows in the steppe belt on the slopes of the mountains; rocks; screes; pasture steppes. Blossoms in May – August. Seed multiplication June – September.In this paper; a scheme of extraction procedures for the spectroscopic profiling of the Kuvaev poppy has been developed. The crushed air-dry aerial part of the plant (without capsules) was extracted in the Soxhlet apparatus sequentially with solvents (in order of increasing their polarity). IR; NMR 1H and 13C profiles were recorded for each extract. The content of taxifillin in the sample is determined by quantitative NMR analysis (q-NMR).

We studied the action of synthetic growth stimulator (treptolem) on the morphogenesis, leaf mesostructure, redistribution of assimilates, and nutrients between organs of oil poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) in ontogenesis, productivity and structure of crop. Optimization of production process of oil poppy under the influence of growth stimulator is realized through the source-sink relation system of the plant. Obtained results testify the essential role of morphological and mesostructural components in regulation of source-sink relation system of oil poppy. Appplcation of treptolem’s growth stimulating contributed the formation of more powerful donor sphere and increased the number and mass of leaves, the area of leaf surface and the leaf index. It was found that the reason of such morphological changes caused significant increase in branching of the stem by the action of treatment. The intensification of donor function poppy plants by treptolem also occurred as a result of mesostructural changes in the leaves. Treptolem application induced formation of a more powerful layer of chlorenchymes - the main photosynthetic tissues of plant, linear sizes of chlorenchymal cells and chlorophylls content increased in them. In that case, the intensification of growth processes at the beginning of vegetation under the influence of preparation led to forme a more powerful donor potential of the plant per unit of cenosis area, which created prerequisites to increase the productivity of culture. It was found that the consequence of such changes was an increase of the content of nonstructural carbohydrates (sugar + starch) in vegetative organs of treated variant in compared with the control of intense growth. Treatment showed apparent branching of the stems, that induced a larger number of flowers and fruitcases were laid an increase of acceptor capacity of plant. The result of these changes was determined by more intensive flow of nonstructural carbohydrates on the formation and growth of fruits in the variant with treptolem. In the flowering phase in the roots and leaves of plants, it was observed the highest content of nitrogen that during the formation and growth of the fruit was remobilized on the carpogenesis process. At the same time, the more intensively use of nitrogen by the vegetative organs of the poppy plants to form the fruitcases was in the variant with treptolem. It was noted the lower levels of phosphorus in the leaves and potassium in the vegetative organs of oil poppy in the variant of treptolem treated plant. It testifies that preparation treatment contributed to the more intensive reutilisation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compounds in fruit formation. The intensified flow of assimilates and nitrogen-containing compounds together with nutrients to a greater number of implanted fruits provided the growth of crop yields (by increase in the number of cases, the mass of seeds in case, and the mass of a single seed). It is confirmed that there is negative correlation between accumulation of oil and content of nitrogen. It was established that application of treptolem increased the content of unsaturated higher fatty acids in oil poppy. An important practical result of the research should be considered that treptolem treatment increased the content of alkaloids in the seeds of poppy plants, which could e useful in pharmacological industry. We proved that treptolem application during the budding period on the poppy seed leads to increase the yield of crop due to optimized morphological structure of plant, the mesosurface structure of leaf; it is also increased the potential trapping due to the laying and formation of a greater number of fruits.