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Background Nearly a third of young US children take multivitamin/mineral (MVM) dietary supplements, yet it is unclear how formulations compare with requirements. Objective Describe the number and amounts of micronutrients contained in MVMs for young children and compare suggested amounts on product labels to micronutrient requirements. Design Cross-sectional. Setting All 288 MVMs on the market in the United States in the National Institutes of Health’s Dietary Supplement Label Database in 2018 labeled for children 1 to Main outcome measures Number of MVM products and amounts per day of micronutrients in each product suggested on labels compared with requirements represented by age-appropriate Daily Values (DV). Micronutrients of public health concern identified by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) 2015-2020 (DGA 2015) and DGA 2020-2025 (DGA 2020) or those of concern for exceeding the upper tolerable intake levels. Statistical analyses Number of products and percent DV per day provided by each micronutrient in each product. Results The 288 MVMs contained a mean of 10.1 ± 2.27 vitamins and 4.59 ± 2.27 minerals. The most common were, in rank order, vitamins C, A, D, E, B6, B12; zinc, biotin, pantothenic acid, iodine, and folic acid. For micronutrients denoted by the DGA 2015 and DGA 2020 of public health concern, 56% of the 281 products containing vitamin D, 4% of the 144 with calcium, and none of the 60 containing potassium provided at least half of the DV. The upper tolerable intake level was exceeded by 49% of 197 products with folic acid, 17% of 283 with vitamin A, and 14% of 264 with zinc. Most MVMs contained many of 16 other vitamins and minerals identified in national surveys as already abundant in children’s diets. Conclusions A reexamination of the amounts and types of micronutrients in MVMs might consider formulations that better fill critical gaps in intakes and avoid excess.

The pantothenate analogue hopantenate (HoPan) is widely used as a modulator of coenzyme A (CoA) levels in cell biology and disease models-especially for pantothenate kinase associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), a genetic disease rooted in impaired CoA metabolism. This use of HoPan was based on reports that it inhibits pantothenate kinase (PanK), the first enzyme of CoA biosynthesis. Using a combination of in vitro enzyme kinetic studies, crystal structure analysis, and experiments in a typical PKAN cell biology model, we demonstrate that instead of inhibiting PanK, HoPan relies on it for metabolic activation. Once phosphorylated, HoPan inhibits the next enzyme in the CoA pathway-phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase (PPCS)-through formation of a nonproductive substrate complex. Moreover, the obtained structure of the human PPCS in complex with the inhibitor and activating nucleotide analogue provides new insights into the catalytic mechanism of PPCS enzymes-including the elusive binding mode for cysteine-and reveals the functional implications of mutations in the human PPCS that have been linked to severe dilated cardiomyopathy. Taken together, this study demonstrates that the molecular mechanism of action of HoPan is more complex than previously thought, suggesting that the results of studies in which it is used as a tool compound must be interpreted with care. Moreover, our findings provide a clear framework for evaluating the various factors that contribute to the potency of CoA-directed inhibitors, one that will prove useful in the future rational development of potential therapies of both human genetic and infectious diseases.

As an expansion investigation of drug-drug interaction (DDI) from previous clinical trials, additional plasma endogenous metabolites were quantitated in the same subjects to further identify the potential biomarkers of organic anion transporter (OAT) 1/3 inhibition. In the single dose, open label, three-phase with fixed order of treatments study, 14 healthy human volunteers orally received 1000 mg probenecid alone, or 40 mg furosemide alone, or 40 mg furosemide at 1 hour after receiving 1000 mg probenecid on days 1, 8, and 15, respectively. Endogenous metabolites including kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid, indo-3-acetic acid, pantothenic acid, p-cresol sulfate, and bile acids in the plasma were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The Cmax of kynurenic acids was significantly increased about 3.3- and 3.7-fold over the baseline values at predose followed by the treatment of probenecid alone or in combination with furosemide respectively. In comparison with the furosemide-alone group, the Cmax and area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) up to 12 hours of kynurenic acid were significantly increased about 2.4- and 2.5-fold by probenecid alone, and 2.7- and 2.9-fold by probenecid plus furosemide, respectively. The increases in Cmax and AUC of plasma kynurenic acid by probenecid are comparable to the increases of furosemide Cmax and AUC reported previously. Additionally, the plasma concentrations of xanthurenic acid, indo-3-acetic acid, pantothenic acid, and p-cresol sulfate, but not bile acids, were also significantly elevated by probenecid treatments. The magnitude of effect size analysis for known potential endogenous biomarkers demonstrated that kynurenic acid in the plasma offers promise as a superior addition for early DDI assessment involving OAT1/3 inhibition. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This article reports that probenecid, an organic anion transporter (OAT) 1 and OAT3 inhibitor, significantly increased the plasma concentrations of kynurenic acid and several uremic acids in human subjects. Of those, the increases of plasma kynurenic acid exposure are comparable to the increases of furosemide by OAT1/3 inhibition. Effect size analysis for known potential endogenous biomarkers revealed that plasma kynurenic acid is a superior addition for early drug-drug interaction assessment involving OAT1/3 inhibition.

Fermented foods are an essential source of nutrition for the communities living in developing areas of the world. Additionally, traditional fermented products are a rich source of various bioactive components. Experimental research regarding the functional exploration of these products is a way forward for better human health. Among fermented foods, Koumiss is rich in vitamins especially vitamin C and minerals, i.e., phosphorus and calcium. In addition, it is also rich in vitamins A, E, B2, B12, and pantothenic acid. High concentrations of lactose in milk favor bacterial fermentation, as the original cultures decompose it into lactic acid. Koumiss contains essential fatty acids such as linoleic and linolenic acid. Koumiss offers many health benefits including boosting the immune system and maintains blood pressure, good effect on the kidneys, endocrine glands, gut system, liver, and nervous and vascular system. The rich microflora from the fermented product has a pivotal role in maintaining gut health and treating various digestive diseases. The core focus of the current review paper is to highlight the nutritional and therapeutic potential, i.e., anticarcinogenic, hypocholesterolemia effect, antioxidative properties, antibacterial properties, antibacterial spectrum, intestinal enlargement, and β‐galactosidase activity, of Koumiss as a traditional fermented product. Moreover, history and production technology of the Koumiss are also the main part of this review paper., Fermented commodities are an essential source of nutrition for the communities living in developing areas of the world. Traditional fermented products are a rich source of various bioactive components. Koumiss is rich in vitamins and minerals. It offers many health benefits to people such as boosting the immune system; maintaining blood pressure, good effect on the kidneys, liver, endocrine glands, gut system, nervous and vascular system.

The aim of the current study was to characterize the phytochemical, phytopigments, and nutritional value of Spirulina platensis produced in Chichoua region of Morocco. A natural medium based on well water-wood ash is used instead of an artificial Zarrouk medium. Several analyses including phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS) were performed in extracts (methanol, ethanol and acetone) of S. platensis. The phytopigments were analyzed by measuring chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids, and phycobiliproteins. The nutritional composition was evaluated through dry matter, lipids, carbohydrates, crude protein, acidic detergent lignin, neutral detergent fiber, acidic detergent fiber, minerals, and vitamins. The methanolic extract showed the highest phenolic contents (7.00±0.07 mg GAEs/g), flavonoids (1.00±0.011 mg QEs/g), and ABTS•+ free radical scavenging activity (38.35±1.68%). Spirulina platensis produced in the well water-wood ash medium is rich in crude proteins (53.29%), c-phycocyanins (18.25±1.81%), and minerals. It also contains a high vitamin concentrations such as pantothenic acid (B5), niacin (B3), riboflavin (B2), and folic acid (B9). The results confirmed that the cultivation of S. platensis under natural conditions, using well water-wood ash medium increases the amounts of some minerals, c-phycocyanin, and water-soluble vitamins. Furthermore, this medium can be profitable for large-scale mass production of S. platensis with yields similar to that obtained from Zarrouk medium.

Humectants perform essential roles in the formulation of topical moisturizing products in terms of delivery of active ingredients, consumer experience and biophysical behaviour. How they retain and release water is key to understanding their behaviour.Dynamic vapour sorption (DVS) was used to monitor the dehydration kinetics of three humectants widely used in topical formulations-glycerine, dexpanthenol and urea. Model aqueous solutions with concentrations of 20% w/w were tested and compared against pure deionized water.The three humectants varied in their ability to retain water during the dehydration process. Dexpanthenol was able to retain water most efficiently during the latter stages of dehydration. Urea demonstrated evidence of crystallization during the final stage of water loss, which was not shown by glycerine or dexpanthenol.Humectants perform vital roles in the formulation of consumer acceptable topical products including the delivery of actives to the skin. Their ability to influence water movement in the skin is also essential for the maintenance of stratum corneum flexibility. DVS assessment of aqueous solutions has demonstrated how the behaviour of three commonly used humectants differs. Knowledge of the mechanisms by which these humectants operate enables the formulator to develop topical products optimized for the roles for which they are intended.Les agents humectants jouent un rôle essentiel dans la formulation des produits hydratants topiques en termes de délivrance des principes actifs, d’expérience client et de comportement biophysique. La façon dont ils retiennent et libèrent l’eau est essentielle pour comprendre leur comportement. MÉTHODES: La gravimétrie d’adsorption de vapeur d’eau (Dynamic Vapour Sorption, DVS) a été utilisée pour surveiller la cinétique de déshydratation de trois humectants largement utilisés dans les formulations topiques : glycérine, dexpanthénol et urée. Des solutions aqueuses modèles avec des concentrations de 20 % p/p ont été testées et comparées à de l’eau pure déionisée. RÉSULTATS: Les trois humectants ont varié dans leur capacité à retenir l’eau pendant le processus de déshydratation. Le dexpanthénol a été capable de retenir l’eau plus efficacement pendant les dernières étapes de la déshydratation. L’urée a démontré des signes de cristallisation pendant la perte d’eau au stade final qui n’a pas été démontrée par la glycérine ou le dexpanthénol CONCLUSIONS: Les agents humectants jouent un rôle essentiel dans la formulation des produits topiques acceptables pour les consommateurs, y compris l’administration de principes actifs sur la peau. Leur capacité à influencer le mouvement de l’eau dans la peau est également essentielle pour maintenir la flexibilité de la couche cornée. L’évaluation DVS des solutions aqueuses a démontré comment le comportement de trois humectants couramment utilisés diffère. La connaissance des mécanismes par lesquels fonctionnent ces humectants permet au formulateur de développer des produits topiques optimisés pour les rôles auxquels ils sont destinés.

Objective: Adequate vitamin and trace mineral intake for pigs are important to achieve satisfactory growth performance. There are no data available on the vitamin and trace mineral intake across pig producers in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate and describe the amount of vitamin and trace minerals used in Chinese pig diets.Methods: A 1-year survey of supplemented vitamin and trace minerals in pig diets was organized in China. A total of 69 producers were invited for the survey, which represents approximately 90% of the pig herd in China. Data were compiled by bodyweight stages to determine descriptive statistics. Nutrients were evaluated for vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, niacin, folic acid, biotin, choline, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, selenium, and iodine. Data were statistically analyzed by functions in Excel. Results: The results indicated variation for supplemented vitamin (vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, niacin, and choline) and trace minerals (copper, manganese, zinc, and iodine) in pig diets, but most vitamins and trace minerals were included at concentrations far above the total dietary requirement estimates reported by the National Research Council and the China’s Feeding Standard of Swine. Conclusion: The levels of vitamin and trace mineral used in China’s pig industry vary widely. Adding a high concentration for vitamin and trace mineral appears to be common practice in pig diets. This investigation provides a reference for supplementation rates of the vitamins and trace minerals in the China’s pig industry.

Pantothenic acid is an essential metabolite found throughout all branches of life. Although the enzymes responsible for pantothenic biosynthesis have been characterized, those leading to its biodegradation remain poorly understood. In the study described herein, we showed that use of a "genomic enzymology" strategy enabled identification of four biodegradation pathway genes, which were then confirmed by using kinetic analysis of the purified recombinant enzymes encoded in Ochrobactrum anthropi. The reconstituted pathway converts pantothenic acid to β-alanine and (R)-pantoate, and then (R)-pantoate to aldopentoate, which is transformed to (R)-3,3-dimethylmalate and hence to α-ketoisovalerate. The pathway genes are common to Proteobacterial genomes in which they are not colocated.

Food safety especially of fruits is important for a healthy and sustainable food system. Though accelerated ripening of fruits is common in Nigeria, its effect on nutritional quality of fruits remains underexplored. This study was conducted to investigate the changes in the nutrient and antinutrient composition of banana ripened with Calcium carbide (CaC2). In this study, mature bunches of freshly harvested green bananas were grouped separately and allowed to ripen naturally and artificially (with CaC2). At the end of the ripening stage, the nutritional parameters (proximate, minerals, vitamins) and antinutritional parameters were determined using relevant analytical methods, and the results obtained were compared across groups. The results showed that the proximate composition of the artificially ripened samples increase in ash (1.49), fat (0.76), and moisture (69.86) while carbohydrate (23.92) and protein (1.88) contents declined. Similarly, Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe and Zn (mg/100 g) contents were higher in calcium carbide ripened than naturally ripened sample. Naturally ripened samples contained the higher amount of Vitamins C (28.87 mg/100 g), niacin (0.89 mg/100 g), pantothenic acid (0.27 mg/100 g) and pyridoxine (0.29mg/100 g). The β-carotene (127 mcg/100 g), Vitamin E (2.9 mg/100 g) and Vitamin K (0.31 mg/100 g) increased significantly in the artificially ripened samples, when compared to the naturally ripened samples. The use of calcium carbide as a ripening agent increases moisture and phlobatannin content, and loss in protein, carbohydrate, fibre, niacin, pantothenic acid, and pyridoxine composition of Cavendish banana.

The Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria are adept at developing resistance to antimalarial drugs, necessitating the search for new antiplasmodials. Although several amide analogs of pantothenate (pantothenamides) show potent antiplasmodial activity, hydrolysis by pantetheinases (or vanins) present in blood rapidly inactivates them. We report herein the facile synthesis and biological activity of a small library of pantothenamide analogs in which the labile amide group is replaced with a variety of heteroaromatic rings. Several of the new analogs display antiplasmodial activity in the nanomolar range against P. falciparum and/or P. knowlesi in the presence of pantetheinase. A previously reported triazole and an isoxazole derivative presented here were further characterized and found to possess high selectivity indices, medium or high Caco-2 permeability, and medium or low microsomal clearance in vitro. Although we show here that the two compounds fail to suppress proliferation of P. berghei in vivo, pharmacokinetic and contact time data presented provide a benchmark for the compound profile required to achieve antiplasmodial activity in mice and should facilitate lead optimization.

Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin B5 [dexpanthenol, DEX] treatment on the kidney in a streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes animal model.Materials and Methods:Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomised in one of the four groups: Group 1 served as control, and group 2 was administered high-dose DEX (300 mg/kg/day) as a safety group. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of STZ (50 mg/kg) in groups 3 and 4. In group 4, DEX was administered as well. All groups were followed up for 6 weeks. Histopathological analyses were performed on renal tissue using periodic acid-Schiff and Hematoxylin- Eosin stains.Results:Microscopic evaluation of the kidney revealed that the rats demonstrated kidney damage 6 weeks after STZ administration. However, high-dose and longterm DEX administration alone did not damage renal tissue; moreover, kidney damage was prevented if DEX was administered in the early phase of diabetes.Conclusion:DEX could be a safe and cost-effective vitamin for the prevention of diabetes complications.

[English] This study determined if supplementation with pantothenic acid (PA) for 16 weeks could increase skeletal muscle coenzyme A (CoASH) content and exercise performance. Trained male cyclists (n = 14) were matched into control or PA (6 g·day1) groups. At 0, 4, 8, and 16 weeks, subjects performed an incremental time to exhaustion cycle with muscle biopsies taken prior to and following exercise. Prolonged PA supplementation did not change skeletal muscle CoASH and acetyl- CoA contents or exercise performance. Novelty: Supplementation with pantothenic acid for 16 weeks had no effect on skeletal muscle CoASH and acetyl-CoA content or exercise performance in trained male cyclists. [French] Cette étude détermine si une supplémentation en acide pantothénique (« PA ») pendant 16 semaines peut augmenter la teneur en coenzyme A (« CoASH ») du muscle squelettique et la performance à l’exercice. Les cyclistes masculins entraînés (n = 14) sont appariés dans des groupes témoins ou PA (6 g·jour−1). Aux semaines 0, 4, 8 et 16, les sujets effectuent un exercice incrémental de pédalage au cours duquel on mesure la durée jusqu’à épuisement ; des biopsies musculaires sont prélevées avant et après l’exercice. Une supplémentation prolongée en PA ne modifie pas les teneurs en CoASH et en acétyl-CoA du muscle squelettique ni la performance à l’exercice. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

Cisplatin (CIS) is an antineoplastic agent used for treating solid organ tumors. Toxic side effects of CIS treatment include nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, ototoxicity, myelosuppression and hepatotoxicity. Dexpanthenol (DEX) exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and protective effects against free oxygen radicals. We investigated the protective effects of DEX on CIS induced nephrotoxicity. Animals were divided into four groups of 10. The control group was given saline. The DEX group was treated with DEX for 10 days. The CIS group was treated with a single dose of CIS. The DEX + CIS group was given a single dose of CIS followed by DEX for 10 days. We found increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, while superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were decreased in the CIS group. MDA, BUN and creatinine levels were decreased, while SOD, CAT, GPx and MPO levels were increased in the DEX + CIS group. Renal tubule damage, inflammation and histopathology scores were significantly higher in the CIS group than the control. The DEX + CIS group exhibited less renal tubule damage and inflammation, and lower histopathological assessment scores than the CIS group. Significant cortical tubule damage and interstitial inflammation were observed in the CIS group. Tubule damage was slightly less, and mild tubule dilation and less cast formation were observed in the DEX + CIS group; also, inflammation was less severe than for the CIS group. DEX may have therapeutic potential for treating CIS induced nephrotoxicity due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

—We studied changes in the indices of free-radical oxidation and thiol-disulfide status in the brain structures in the experimental model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) induced by administration of rotenone to rats. Pantothenic acid derivatives, such as panthenol (PL), pantethine (PT), and homopantothenic acid (HPA) were used as neuromodulators. It was found that redox imbalance in the brain induced by rotenone is accompanied by the activation of free-radical processes, pronounced inhibition of antioxidant defense, a considerable decrease in the glutathione system reduction potential, and increased protein glutathionylation. The strongest changes were in the basal ganglia of the brain. PL and PT but not HPA, decrease the changes in the free-radical oxidation and thiol-disulfide balance in the brain structures. During experimental neurotoxicosis, the mechanisms of neuroprotective action of PL and PT, which are linked with the changes in the biosynthesis of CoA, are, obviously, related to their ability to increase the reduction potential of the glutathione system, thus mitigating the effects of oxidative stress.

Mutations in the human PANK2 gene are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) and result in low levels of coenzyme-A (CoA) in the CNS due to impaired production of phosphopantothenic acid (PPA) from vitamin B5. Restoration of central PPA levels by delivery of exogenous PPA is a recent strategy to reactivate CoA biosynthesis in PKAN patients. Fosmetpantotenate is an oral PPA prodrug. We report here the development of a new PANk2-/- knockout model that allows CoA regeneration in brain cells to be evaluated and describe two new series of cyclic phosphate prodrugs of PPA capable of regenerating excellent levels of CoA in this system. A proof-of-concept study in mouse demonstrates the potential of this new class of prodrugs to deliver PPA to the brain following oral administration and confirms incorporation of the prodrug-derived PPA into CoA.

Vanin-1 (VNN1) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored ectoenzyme which hydrolyzes pantetheine to pantothenic acid and cysteamine. It has emerged as a promising drug target for many human diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. In the present study we used structure-based virtual screening approach for the identification of small molecule inhibitors of vanin-1. A chemical library consisting of natural compounds, synthetic compounds and RRV analogs were screened for drug-like molecules. The filtered molecules were subjected to molecular docking studies. Three potential hits-ZINC04073864 (Natural compound), CID227017 (synthetic compound) and CID129558381 (RRV analog)-were identified for the target enzyme. The molecules form good number of hydrogen bonds with the catalytic residues such as Glu79, Lys178 and Cys211. The apo-VNN1 and VNN1-ligand complexes were subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) simulation for 30 ns. The geometric properties such as root mean square deviation, radius of gyration, solvent accessible surface area, number of hydrogen bonds and the distance between the catalytic triad residues-Glu79, Lys178 and Cys211 were altered upon binding of the compounds. Essential dynamics and entropic studies further confirmed that the fluctuations in VNN1 decrease upon binding of the compounds. The lead molecules were stable throughout the simulation time period. Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM/PBSA) studies showed that Van der Waals interaction energy contributes significantly to the total binding free energy. Thus, our study reveals three lead molecules-ZINC04073864, CID227017 and CID129558381 as potential inhibitors of Vanin-1 which can be validated through further studies. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Pantetheinase is an amidohydrolase that cleaves pantetheine into pantothenic acid and cysteamine. Functional studies have found that ubiquitous expression of this enzyme is associated with many inflammatory diseases. However, the lack of near-infrared fluorescence probes limits the better understanding of the functions of the enzyme. In this work, we have developed a new near-infrared fluorescence probe, CYLP, for bioimaging of pantetheinase by using pantothenic acid with a self-immolative linker as a recognition group. The probe produces a sensitive fluorescence off–on response at 710 nm to pantetheinase with a detection limit of 0.02 ng mL−1 and can be used to image the intraperitoneal pantetheinase activity in mice in vivo. Moreover, with the probe we have observed that pantetheinase is significantly increased in the tissues of mouse inflammatory models as well as in the intestines of mice with inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, CYLP may provide a convenient and intuitive tool for studying the role of pantetheinase in diseases., A near-infrared fluorescence probe for detecting pantetheinase activity has been used for imaging pantetheinase in mice with inflammatory bowel disease.

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary pantothenic acid levels on growth performance, carcass traits, pantothenic acid status, and antioxidant status of male white Pekin ducks from 15 to 42 D of age and to evaluate the requirement of this vitamin for growing ducks. Different levels pantothenic acid (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg/kg) were supplemented to a corn-soy isolate protein basal diet to produce 6 dietary treatments with different analyzed total pantothenic acid levels (4.52, 6.44, 8.37, 9.88, 12.32, and 14.61 mg/kg). A total of 240 15-day-old male white Pekin ducks were allotted to 6 dietary treatments with 8 replicate pens of 5 birds per pen. At 42 D of age, growth performance, carcass traits, tissue pantothenic acid concentrations, and antioxidant status of white Pekin ducks were examined. Significant effects of dietary pantothenic acid on BW, average daily weight gain (ADG), plasma, and liver pantothenic acid concentrations were observed (P

Chloroquine phosphate (CQP) is one of the widely used drug in treatment of malaria. The use of CQP is declining due to development of resistance and plethora of side effects. SLNs were prepared by cold homogenization technique after applying the 32 level factorial design and grafted with ligand pantothenic acid for site specificity. The prepared formulations were evaluated for different physicochemical properties and were found to be spherical in shape with a size ranging between 92.25 ± 0.54 nm with polydispersity index of 1.15 ± 0.12, which is an ideal size for intravenous administration. The zeta potential of the SLNs was found to be +7.78 ± 0.12 mV. The entrapment efficiency was found to be greater than 94.51 ± 1.19% w/w. The in-vitro drug release studies showed a sustained drug release from the lipid matrix which was below 59.8% within 72 hrs. Furthermore, in-vitro erythrocyte toxicity test was performed on SLNs and pure drug. The study revealed that the encapsulated CQP showed lesser haemolysis (24.5 %) compared to pure drug (62.41± 0.16 %). These findings suggests that the encapsulated drug showed lesser haemolytic activity and thus can reduce the side effects associated with drug administration by direct intravenous route.

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic noncommunicable disorder characterized by a constellation of symptoms that include fatigue, depression and chronic pain. FM affects 2%–8% of the U.S. population, 2% of the global population, with 61%–90% of FM diagnoses attributed to women. Key causal factors leading to the development and severity of FM-related symptoms have not yet been identified. The purpose of this article is to report relationships among identified metabolites and levels of fatigue, depression, pain severity, and pain interference in a sample of 20 women with FM. In this secondary analysis, we conducted global metabolomic analysis and examined the data for relationships of metabolite levels with self-reported symptoms of fatigue, depression, pain severity, and pain interference. Results revealed six metabolites (6-deoxy-hexose; pantothenic acid; ergothioneine; l-carnitine; n-acetylserotonin; butyrobetaine) and their associated metabolic pathways such as carnitine synthesis, lipid oxidation, tryptophan metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism and pantothenic and Coenzyme-A biosynthesis that were either positively or inversely related to pain severity, pain interference, or both. The preliminary data presented suggest that metabolites representing energy, amino acid, or lipid classification may be associated with pain symptom severity and interference in women with FM. Future work will confirm these findings in a large, comparative cohort, targeting metabolites and metabolite pathways to better understand the relationships of metabolites and symptomology.

Maintaining a metabolic steady state is essential for an organism's fitness and survival when confronted with environmental stress, and metabolic imbalance can be reversed by exposing the organism to fasting. Here, we attempted to apply this physiological principle to mammalian cell cultures to improve cellular fitness and consequently their ability to express recombinant proteins. We showed that transient vitamin B5 deprivation, an essential cofactor of central cellular metabolism, can quickly and irreversibly affect mammalian cell growth and division. A selection method was designed that relies on mammalian cell dependence on vitamin B5 for energy production, using the co-expression of the B5 transporter SLC5A6 and a gene of interest. We demonstrated that vitamin B5 selection persistently activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), a family of transcription factors involved in energy homeostasis, thereby altering lipid metabolism, improving cell fitness and therapeutic protein production. Thus, stable PPAR activation may constitute a cellular memory of past deprivation state, providing increased resistance to further potential fasting events. In other words, our results imply that cultured cells, once exposed to metabolic starvation, may display an improved metabolic fitness as compared to non-exposed cells, allowing increased resistance to cellular stress.

Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a systemic disease clinically defined by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. While alterations in the gut microbiome composition have been reported in PD, their functional consequences remain unclear. Herein, we addressed this question by an analysis of stool samples from the Luxembourg Parkinson’s Study (n = 147 typical PD cases, n = 162 controls). Results All individuals underwent detailed clinical assessment, including neurological examinations and neuropsychological tests followed by self-reporting questionnaires. Stool samples from these individuals were first analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Second, we predicted the potential secretion for 129 microbial metabolites through personalised metabolic modelling using the microbiome data and genome-scale metabolic reconstructions of human gut microbes. Our key results include the following. Eight genera and seven species changed significantly in their relative abundances between PD patients and healthy controls. PD-associated microbial patterns statistically depended on sex, age, BMI, and constipation. Particularly, the relative abundances of Bilophila and Paraprevotella were significantly associated with the Hoehn and Yahr staging after controlling for the disease duration. Furthermore, personalised metabolic modelling of the gut microbiomes revealed PD-associated metabolic patterns in the predicted secretion potential of nine microbial metabolites in PD, including increased methionine and cysteinylglycine. The predicted microbial pantothenic acid production potential was linked to the presence of specific non-motor symptoms. Conclusion Our results suggest that PD-associated alterations of the gut microbiome can translate into substantial functional differences affecting host metabolism and disease phenotype.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the separation and determination of 13 vitamin B compounds, including thiamin, riboflavin, riboflavin 5′-monophosphate, pyridoxine, hydroxocobalamin, cyanocobalamin, adenosylcobalamin, methylcobalamin, niacin, niacinamide, pantothenic acid, folic acid, and biotin. The method consisted of an ODS column, a gradient elution using pH 3.0 phosphate buffer–acetonitrile, ion-pairing reagent as mobile phase at 1.0 mL min−1, and UV detection at 210 nm. As a result, the 13 vitamin B compounds were separated in 60 min, and the specificity, linearity, range, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, intra- and inter-day precision, and recovery were satisfactory. The limit of detections ranged from 0.03 to 0.41 µg mL−1. Intra- and inter-day precision of peak area, expressed as RSD, were 0.542–5.144% and 0.216–6.367%, respectively. The method was used to evaluate vitamin B compounds in energy drinks and multivitamin pills. In case of energy drink analysis, the method identified and evaluated not only vitamin B compounds but also major ingredients, such as caffeine, vanillin, and benzoic acid. The vitamin B compounds in energy drinks and multivitamin pills were also quantitated and compared with values listed on each product label. Each quantitative value was close to the label values, suggesting high quantitative ability of the developed method.

Background Metabolomics has proven useful for detecting objective biomarkers of diet that may help to improve dietary measurement. Studies to date, however, have focused on a relatively narrow set of lipid classes. Objective The aim of this study was to uncover candidate dietary biomarkers by identifying serum metabolites correlated with self-reported diet, particularly metabolites in underinvestigated lipid classes, e.g. triglycerides and plasmalogens. Methods We assessed dietary questionnaire data and serum metabolite correlations from 491 male and female participants aged 55-75 y in an exploratory cross-sectional study within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO). Self-reported intake was categorized into 50 foods, food groups, beverages, and supplements. We examined 522 identified metabolites using 2 metabolomics platforms (Broad Institute and Massachusetts General Hospital). Correlations were identified using partial Pearson's correlations adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, study site, and total energy intake [Bonferroni-corrected level of 0.05/(50 × 522) = 1.9 × 10-6]. We assessed prediction of dietary intake by multiple-metabolite linear models with the use of 10-fold crossvalidation least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. Results Eighteen foods, beverages, and supplements were correlated with ≥1 serum metabolite at the Bonferroni-corrected significance threshold, for a total of 102 correlations. Of these, only 5 have been reported previously, to our knowledge. Our strongest correlations were between citrus and proline betaine (r = 0.55), supplements and pantothenic acid (r = 0.46), and fish and C40:9 phosphatidylcholine (PC) (r = 0.35). The multivariate analysis similarly found reasonably large correlations between metabolite profiles and citrus (r = 0.59), supplements (r = 0.57), and fish (r = 0.44). Conclusions Our study of PLCO participants identified many novel food-metabolite associations and replicated 5 previous associations. These candidate biomarkers of diet may help to complement measures of self-reported diet in nutritional epidemiology studies, though further validation work is still needed.

Background Thiamine and pantothenic acid play a critical role in numerous metabolic reactions and are typically supplemented in infant and adult nutritional formulas as thiamine chloride hydrochloride and calcium pantothenate salts. Objective A rapid compliance method for the analysis of thiamine and pantothenic acid applicable to infant formula and milk-based nutritional products is described. Method Proteins are removed by centrifugal ultrafiltration, followed by analysis by reversed-phase liquid chromatography‒tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), with quantitation accomplished by internal standard technique. Results The method was shown to be accurate, with acceptable recovery (thiamine, 99.3–101.1%; pantothenic acid, 99.2–108.6%). A certified reference material (NIST 1849a), showed no statistical bias (α = 0.05) for thiamine (P = 0.64); although a statistically significant bias (P Conclusions This rapid method is intended for use in high-throughput laboratories as part of routine product compliance release testing of thiamine and pantothenic acid in manufactured infant and milk-based nutritional products.

Chemically defined media for yeast cultivation (CDMY) were developed to support fast growth, experimental reproducibility, and quantitative analysis of growth rates and biomass yields. In addition to mineral salts and a carbon substrate, popular CDMYs contain seven to nine B‐group vitamins, which are either enzyme cofactors or precursors for their synthesis. Despite the widespread use of CDMY in fundamental and applied yeast research, the relation of their design and composition to the actual vitamin requirements of yeasts has not been subjected to critical review since their first development in the 1940s. Vitamins are formally defined as essential organic molecules that cannot be synthesized by an organism. In yeast physiology, use of the term “vitamin” is primarily based on essentiality for humans, but the genome of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae reference strain S288C harbours most of the structural genes required for synthesis of the vitamins included in popular CDMY. Here, we review the biochemistry and genetics of the biosynthesis of these compounds by S. cerevisiae and, based on a comparative genomics analysis, assess the diversity within the Saccharomyces genus with respect to vitamin prototrophy.

Coenzyme A (CoA) is an essential molecule acting in metabolism, post-translational modification, and regulation of gene expression. While all organisms synthesize CoA, many, including humans, are unable to produce its precursor, pantothenate. Intriguingly, like most plants, fungi and bacteria, parasites of the coccidian subgroup of Apicomplexa, including the human pathogen Toxoplasma gondii, possess all the enzymes required for de novo synthesis of pantothenate. Here, the importance of CoA and pantothenate biosynthesis for the acute and chronic stages of T. gondii infection is dissected through genetic, biochemical and metabolomic approaches, revealing that CoA synthesis is essential for T. gondii tachyzoites, due to the parasite’s inability to salvage CoA or intermediates of the pathway. In contrast, pantothenate synthesis is only partially active in T. gondii tachyzoites, making the parasite reliant on its uptake. However, pantothenate synthesis is crucial for the establishment of chronic infection, offering a promising target for intervention against the persistent stage of T. gondii., Coenzyme A (CoA) is an essential metabolite found in all organisms and its synthesis involves five conserved enzymatic steps and uses pantothenate (Pan) as a precursor. Here, Lunghi et al. examine the Pan synthesis pathway in Toxoplasma gondii and find that Pan is crucial for the establishment of chronic but not acute infection.

This study aimed to verify the need for minerals and vitamins to increase the production of cell mass by acetic acid bacteria (AAB) isolated from the vinegar industry (086/06) and standard strain (Acetobacter aceti CCT 2565). Five minerals (Mo, B, Zn, Fe, and Mn) and eight vitamins (p-aminobenzoic acid, thiamine, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, cyanocobalamin, and inositol) were tested in a fractional factorial design. To prepare the inoculum, different compositions of MYP (mannitol, yeast, and peptone) medium were tested. The most adequate medium was mannitol 25 g/L, yeast extract 0.625 g/L, and peptone 0.375 g/L. Through contour curves, it was determined that strain 086/06 needed supplementation with minerals Mo, B and Mn and vitamins p-aminobenzoic acid, pyridoxine and cyanocobalamin. Standard strain CCT 2565 needed supplementation of all minerals and vitamins studied, except inositol. The lower requirement of micronutrients for high cell multiplication of the 086/06 strain may be related to the adaptation of strain 086/06 to industrial production conditions.

The article presents the results of the use of the vitamin-amino acid chelates (pantothenates) of Zinc and Manganese in order to study their effect on some indicators of avian metabolism. The studies were started on 14-day Cobb 500 broiler chickens in the poultry farm of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University Training and Production Center. For this purpose, 3 groups poultry were formed: two experimental ones (Zinc and Manganese chelates were fed to the main diet with water) and a control group (50 heads each). During the experiment (14, 21, 28 days), weighed chickens followed by blood sampling for biochemical study. In the group where the chelates were drunk at a dose of 0.2 ml/l of water over the next 14 days, there was a tendency to increase the absolute weight gain in broiler chickens to 943.0 ± 25.94 g (770–1073), compared with the control – 883.2 ± 24.64 g (740–1140). The bird, which was given chelates at a dose of 0,1 ml/l of water for 14 days, increased the content of total protein in the serum by 10.3% compared to the beginning of the study, and was 30.9 ± 0.71 g/l (P < 0.001). In the second group (chelate dose of 0.2 ml/l water), this indicator increased by 11.2% and amounted to 30.2 ± 0.82 g/l (P < 0.01). At the end of the experiment (28 days of cultivation), the albumin content in the blood of the birds of the first and second experimental groups was 18.6 ± 0.36 and 18.7 ± 0.37 g/l (P < 0.001 before the first selection). Manganese concentration in broiler chickens of the second experimental group on the 28th day was 3.6 ± 0.28 μmol/l and was higher than the control (2.7 ± 0.25 μmol/l; P < 0.01). At doses of 0,1 ml/l of water (1st experimental group), there was a tendency to increase the amount of this trace element in serum to 3.2 ± 0.16 μmol/l (1.4–4,0). After 14 days of chelating, Zinc content in the serum of chickens of the first experimental group increased by 20% and amounted to 27.9 ± 0.60 μmol/l, in its second – concentration increased by 25.8% (28.3 ± 0.76 μmol/l; P < 0.001) compared to the start of the experiment. Therefore, the use of the vitamin-amino acid chelates of Zinc and Manganese for 14 days at a dose of 0,1 and 0.2 ml/l of water contributed to the increase in weight gain, increase of total protein, Manganese and Zinc in the serum of broiler chickens.

Phototoxicity response of synthesized vitamin-chlorin conjugates and their zinc and indium complexes was determined in the human PC-3 prostate cancer cell line, which was previously demonstrated to overexpress vitamin receptors on the cell surface. Pantothenic acid (Vit B5) and lipoic acid (or thioctic acid) were covalently linked to methyl pheophorbide (a chlorophyll derivative) and subsequently metallated with zinc and indium. Cell survival assay indicated that the vitamin-chlorin conjugates have better photodynamic activity against the PC-3 prostate cancer line at the nanomolar concentration range than the commercially available starting precursor methyl pheophorbide. Fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy studies indicated some formation of apoptotic cells and cytoplasmic vacuoles of photosensitized prostatic cells. Targeting vitamin receptors in prostatic cancer cells can be utilized to enhance specificity of photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy applications.

Micronutrients and their metabolites are cofactors in proteins involved in lipid metabolism. The present study was a subproject of the Harmonized Micronutrient Project (ClinTrials.gov # NCT01823744). Twenty participants were randomly selected from 136 children and adolescents that consumed a daily dose of 12 vitamins and 5 minerals supplementation for 6 weeks. The 20 individuals were divided into two pools of 10 individuals, according to their lipid profile at baseline (Pool 1 with lower triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL). The individuals were analyzed at baseline, after 6 weeks of daily supplementation, and after 6 weeks of a washout period in relation to anthropometric, body composition, food intake, lipid profile, micronutrient levels, and iTRAQ proteomic data. Genetic ancestry and its association with vitamin serum levels were also determined. After supplementation, LDL levels decreased while alpha‐tocopherol and pantothenic acid levels increased in pool 2; lipid profiles in pool 1 did not change but had higher plasma levels of pantothenic acid, pyridoxal, and pyridoxic acid. In pool 2, expression of some proteins increased, and expression of other ones decreased after intervention, while in pool 1, the same proteins responded inversely or did not change their levels. Plasma alpha‐tocopherol and Native American genetic ancestry explained a significant fraction of LDL plasma levels at baseline and in response to the intervention. After intervention, changes in expression of alpha‐1 antitrypsin, haptoglobin, Ig alpha‐1 chain C region, plasma protease C1 inhibitor, alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein 1, fibrinogen alpha, beta, and gamma‐chain in individuals in pool 2 may be associated with levels of LDL and vitamin E. Vitamin E and Native American genetic ancestry may also be implicated in changes of vitamin E and LDL levels. The results of this pilot study must be validated in future studies with larger sample size or in in vitro studies., Changes in expression of alpha‐1 antitrypsin, haptoglobin, Ig alpha‐1 chain C region, plasma protease C1 inhibitor, alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein 1, fibrinogen alpha, beta and gamma chain in response to a micronutrient intervention may be associated with levels of LDL and vitamin E in children and adolescents. Baseline vitamin E levels and Native American genetic ancestry may also be implicated in changes of vitamin E and LDL levels.

The purpose of this study was to explore the regulatory effect of resveratrol (RES) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and its influence on intestinal microorganisms and serum atlas in murine models during the development of inflammation to explore a novel method for the regulation of inflammation. Mice were randomly assigned to three groups: control (CON), LPS, and RES–LPS. The results showed that RES mitigated the inflammatory damage to the intes-tines and liver induced by LPS. Compared with the LPS group, RES treatment decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, myeloperoxidase, and alanine aminotransferase in the liver. Serum metabolic profile monitoring showed that, compared with the CON group, LPS decreased the levels of five metabolites, including cycloartomunin and glycerol triundecanoate, and increased the levels of eight metabolites, including N-linoleoyl taurine and PE(O-16:0/20:5(5Z), 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z). Conversely, RES treatment increased the levels of eight metabolites, including pantothenic acid, homovanillic acid, and S-(formylmethyl)glutathione, and reduced seven metabolites, including lysoPE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/0:0) and 13-cis-retinoic acid, etc., in comparison with the LPS group. Moreover, RES treatment alleviated the negative effects of LPS on intestinal microbes by reducing, for instance, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Alistipes, and increasing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus. These results suggest that RES has great potential for preventing in-flammation.

Introduction: In recent years, there has been a great interest in food supplements. However the use of food supplements can be associated with the risk of excessive intake of vitamins or minerals which may have adverse health effects.Objective: Assessment of food supplement consumption in the adult population in Poland.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 1,831 adults (913 men, 918 women) from which 178 (59 men, 119 women) food supplement users were selected. The consumption of food supplements were assessed by the 24-h recall repeated two times and the food propensity questionnaire (FPQ).Results: 10% of the subjects consumed food supplements during the 12 months prior to the study (6% of men, 13% of women) and among users 68% (79% of men and 88% of women) in the day before the survey. Most respondents (44%) used vitamin supplements during the year. More men than women (27 vs. 11%, p = 0.0059) used mineral supplements while more women than men used vitamin and mineral supplements (31 vs. 8%, p = 0.0008). The most frequently supplemented vitamins were: B6 (58%), C (53%), and D (47%) and minerals were: magnesium (43%), zinc (34%), and iron (29%). More women than men supplemented vitamin B6 (71 vs. 40%, p = 0.0012), vitamin D (54 vs. 36%, p = 0.0061) and magnesium (49 vs. 34%, p = 0.0075). Intake of riboflavin, pantothenic acid and manganese were higher in the group of men (respectively: 3.3 mg ± 6.0 vs. 1.4 mg ± 0.3, p = 0.0329; 9.4 mg ± 5.6 vs. 6.1 mg ± 2.0, p = 0.0357; 2.2 mg ± 0.9 vs. 1.3 mg ± 0.6, p = 0.0080) but intake of vitamin D was higher in the group of women (15.7 μg ± 20.4 vs. 33.1 μg ± 26.4, p = 0.0085). In many cases, the intake of vitamins and minerals from food supplements covered the Dietary Reference Values for these nutrients in 100%. In some persons the intake of biotin, vitamin B12, C, B6, riboflavin, niacin was higher than the reference values several dozen times. The intake of vitamins and minerals exceed UL in a few cases relating to vitamin B6 and magnesium.Conclusions: A minority of adults in Poland used food supplements. However, those products were a significant source of vitamins and minerals. Intake of vitamins and minerals from food supplements should be monitored.

Fear conditioning and retrieval are suitable models to investigate the biological basis of various mental disorders. Hippocampus and amygdala neurons consolidate conditioned stimulus (CS)-dependent fear memory. Posterior parietal cortex is considered important for the CS-dependent conditioning and retrieval of fear memory. Metabolomic screening among functionally related brain areas provides molecular signatures and biomarkers to improve the treatment of psychopathologies. Herein, we analyzed and compared changes of metabolites in the hippocampus, amygdala, and posterior parietal cortex under the fear retrieval condition. Metabolite profiles of posterior parietal cortex and amygdala were similarly changed after fear memory retrieval. While the retrieval of fear memory perturbed various metabolic pathways, most metabolic pathways that overlapped among the three brain regions had high ranks in the enrichment analysis of posterior parietal cortex. In posterior parietal cortex, the most perturbed pathways were pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, purine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and NAD+ dependent signaling. Metabolites of posterior parietal cortex including 4′-phosphopantetheine, xanthine, glutathione, ADP-ribose, ADP-ribose 2′-phosphate, and cyclic ADP-ribose were significantly regulated in these metabolic pathways. These results point to the importance of metabolites of posterior parietal cortex in conditioned fear memory retrieval and may provide potential biomarker candidates for traumatic memory-related mental disorders. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13041-021-00863-x.

Dexpanthenol (D-panthenol) is a precursor of vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) and is widely used for dietary supplements and topical applications. D-panthenol has long been used in hair care products for the purpose of anti-hair loss, its effects and the underlying mechanisms, however, were barely reported. In this study, the effects of D-panthenol on human hair follicle cells, including dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) and outer root sheath cells (hORSCs), were investigated. D-panthenol enhanced the cell viability, increasing the cellular proliferation marker Ki67 in cultured hDPCs. The markers for apoptosis (Caspase3/9) and cell senescence (p21/p16), reported to be expressed in aged or resting phase follicles, were significantly reduced by D-panthenol. Anagen-inducing factors (ALP, β-catenin, versican), which trigger or elongate the anagen phase, were stimulated by D-panthenol. On the other hand, D-panthenol reduced TGF-β1 expressions in both mRNA and protein levels. The expression of VEGF, which is important for peripheral blood vessel activation, was up-regulated by D-panthenol treatment. In cultured hORSCs, cell proliferation and viability were enhanced, while the mRNA expression of cell senescence markers (p21/p16) was significantly down-regulated. The expressions of both VEGF and its receptor (VEGFR) were up-regulated by D-panthenol. In conclusion, our data suggest that the hair growth stimulating activity of D-panthenol was exerted by increasing the cell viability, suppressing the apoptotic markers, and elongating the anagen phase in hair follicles.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different dietary pantothenic acid levels on growth performance, carcass traits, and plasma biochemical parameters of starter Pekin ducks from 1 to 21 days of age, as well as the pantothenic acid requirement of starter ducks. A total of 384 one-day-old male white Pekin ducklings were assigned randomly into 6 dietary treatments, each with 8 replicate pens of 8 ducks. Ducks were fed conventional basal corn–soybean diets containing 8.5, 10.5, 12.5, 14.5, 16.5, and 18.5 mg/kg pantothenic acid for 21 days. Growth depression, poor pantothenic acid status, fasting hypoglycemia, and elevated plasma uric acid (UA) content were observed in the ducks fed the pantothenic acid-deficient basal diet (p &lt, 0.05), and these adverse effects were ameliorated by pantothenic acid supplementation. Among all ducks, the birds fed the basal diet with no supplementation of pantothenic acid had the lowest body weight, average daily weight gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), breast meat yield, and plasma pantothenic acid and glucose contents (p &lt, 0.05), and the greatest plasma UA content (p &lt, 0.05). In addition, all these parameters showed a linear or quadratic response as dietary pantothenic acid levels increased (p &lt, 0.05). According to broken-line regression, the pantothenic acid requirements of starter male white Pekin ducks for body weight, ADG, and plasma pantothenic acid content were 13.36, 13.29, and 15.0 mg/kg, respectively. The data potentially provides theoretical support for the utilization of pantothenic acid in duck production.

Pantetheinase (also known as Vanin-1) is highly expressed in the liver, kidneys, and intestine and is closely associated with a number of diseases. Vanin-1 can hydrolyze pantetheine to pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and cysteamine and participate in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). GSH is highly expressed in tumor cells and plays a major role in the resistance of tumor cells to cisplatin. Therefore, we urgently need a method to monitor the activity level of Vanin-1 in tumor cells and tissues and elucidate the relationship between the role of Vanin-1 in GSH synthesis and tumor resistance. Herein, we report a Cy-Pa fluorescent probe for imaging Vanin-1 in cells and in vivo that can qualitatively and quantitatively detect the fluctuation of Vanin-1 concentrations in HepG2 and HepG2/DDP cells or tumor tissues of tumor-bearing mice. This probe shows excellent potential in in situ real-time monitoring of endogenous Vanin-1. Moreover, we proved that Vanin-1 can inhibit GSH synthesis using the probe. When the Vanin-1 inhibitor RR6 was used in combination with cisplatin, HepG2 and HepG2/DDP cells showed increased resistance to cisplatin, while the therapeutic efficiency of cisplatin was reduced in HepG2 and HepG2/DDP xenografts. In this study, Vanin-1 was shown to play an important role in the treatment of cancer, and the study of Vanin-1 may provide an idea for the treatment of cancer in the future.