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The challenge in developing an AI deep learning model for motor health diagnosis is hampered by the lack of sufficient and representative datasets, leading to considerable time and resource consumption in research. Therefore, this paper focuses on the analysis of the second harmonic component fault characteristic induced by inter-turn short circuits (ITSCs) in phase voltages. First, it establishes a coil inter-turn short-circuit fault (ITSCF) model of the motor to identify the twice-frequency q-axis voltage error characteristics. Subsequently, it develops simulation programs by integrating control and fault models in MATLAB/Simulink/Simscape to observe and analyze the q-axis voltage and circulating current errors caused by the short circuit. Finally, a discrete wavelet transform method is established to analyze the q-axis synchronous reference frame voltage. By applying the energy-based method to extract the twice-frequency voltage error characteristics, the approach successfully detects the error features and confirms ITSCF in the motor. The contributions of this paper include not only the development of an ITSCF characteristic model for the motor but also the successful application of wavelet transform to effectively analyze the time-frequency characteristics of its signals. This approach can serve as a valuable reference for the design of deep learning models in future AI applications.