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A series of monoazo disperse dyes were synthesized by coupling diazotized 4-amino-N-dodecyl-1,8-naphthalimide with N,N-dialkyl anilines and naphthol derivatives. The synthesized intermediates and the dyes were characterized using FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis (CHN). Visible absorption spectra of the dyes were examined in solvents of different polarities. The electronic absorption spectra cover a wavelength (?max) range of 515-535 nm in DMF at uniformly absorption intensity between 1.59-3.00?104 L mol-1 cm-1. The dyes gave deep and bright intense hues of light violet, maroon, pink and neon red on polyester fabrics. The dyes generally showed good washing and perspiration rating but poor to moderate light fastness properties on woven polyester fabric and could be recommended for commercial outlets.

A series of novel heterocyclic disperse dyestuffs derived from phenothiazine were prepared by standard reactions from phenothiazine as the starting material. Phenothiazine was nitrated and oxidized then reduced to obtain synthesized disperse dyestuffs. The reaction conditions were varied in order to obtain optimal yields for each stage of the preparation to obtain the corresponding derivative and final disperse dyestuffs. All intermediates and disperse dyestuffs were purified and characterized by DSC, FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis and UV–Visible spectroscopic techniques. The molar extinction coefficients (ε), wavelengths of maximum absorption (λmax) and solvatochromism effects were studied in solvents as toluene, acetone and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Results represented that the dyestuffs had extinction coefficients of 2011–28189 L mol−1 cm−1, wavelengths of maximum absorption of 448–475 nm in acetone and positive solvatochromism by changing solvent from toluene to DMF. The disperse dyestuffs were applied to locally manufactured polyester fibers and their dyeing properties were investigated. Results showed that the buildup of dyestuffs was acceptable and dyed fibers had very good heat and wash fastness and medium light fastness on polyester fibers. Keywords: Phenothiazine, Synthesis, Polyester, Disperse dyestuff, Fastness properties

Natural dye extracted from Mucuna slonaei F leaves (MSL) was used as green, sustainable and eco-friendly alternative in coloring cotton fabric with and without sodium chloride (NaCl), ferrous sulfate (FeSO4·7H2O) and alum (KAl(SO4)2·12H2O) as mordants. Effects of these mordants on color parameters (exhaustion (%), lightness (L∗), color axes (a∗ and b∗), hue angle (ho), color strength (K/S) and fastness properties evaluated) of MSL dyed cotton fabric were investigated. Flavonoids were identified as main chromophoric constituents in extracted MSL dye by UV–visible and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry techniques. Satisfactory color parameters in unmordanted MSL dyed fabric indicated that cotton fabric has a moderate affinity for the extracted dye. Metal pre-mordanting enhanced dye exhaustion by 4.85, 13.10 and 10% in Sodium chloride (Na+), ferrous sulfate (Fe2+) and alum (Al3+) dyed cotton fabrics respectively. Unmordanted MSL dyed fabric has lighter shade, higher L∗ and lower K/S value than metal salt pre-mordanted fabrics. The value of a∗ greater than b∗ and ho ​

Bridelia ferruginea B dye was extracted from the bark of the tree using aqueous extraction method. Extracted dye was used to dye cellulosic (cotton) fabric in presence of 5% calcium chloride (CaCl2) or 5% alum (KAl(SO4)2·12H2O) of weight of fabric (o.w.f) as mordant. Fabric dyed without mordant was lighter in hue than metal ion mordanted dyed fabrics. The fabrics dyed in presence of calcium chloride as mordant are of deeper hue than those dyed with alum as mordant. Hence, their dye-uptake and color strength (K/S) are in the same order. K/S value of fabric dyed with alum is 43.71% higher than that without mordant and fabric dyed with calcium chloride has K/S value 51.09% higher than dyed with alum as mordant. CIEL*a*b* coordinate indicator and color space quadrant showed that those dyed fabrics without mordant and with alum as mordant are closer to yellow than red color. Those cellulosic fabrics dyed with calcium chloride as mordant are closer to red than yellow color as confirmed in colour space quadrant. Pre-mordanted dyed fabrics are of deeper color than post-mordanted dyed fabrics than meta-mordanted dyed fabrics than unmordant dyed fabric. Fastness properties of B. ferruginea B dyed cellulosic fabrics ranged from good (3) to excellent (5).

Two series of new Schiff base metal complexes (Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II), Zn(II)) were synthesized and used to study their fastness and thermal properties. All of the dyes were applied on cotton, polyester and cellulose acetate fabrics as reactive dyes by using temperature and 1 : 20 Flotte ratio. Washing, rubbing and light fastness was investigated by ISO 105-C06 A2S, TS EN ISO 105-X12 and ISO 105-B02 methods, respectively and obtained very well to excellent results. Structures of the metal complex dyes were elucidated by IR, UV-Vis, H-1-NMR, C-13-NMR, mass spectroscopic techniques, magnetic susceptibility measurements, elemental analysis, and thermal analysis. Spectroscopic results indicate that all of the complexes adopt octahedral geometry. Also the results indicate that the complexes are formed by the binding of a metal ion with two Schiff bases by using two >C=N- groups, two hydroxyl groups and two aqua ligands. In the present study, for the first time, fabrics were dyed with Schiff bases and metal complexes, and then, their fastness analyses were carried out and were obtained fine results. WOS:000587726400039

In this study, eco-friendly 100% nettle bast bio-fibre fabric was dyed with eco-friendly natural dye, madder (Rubia tinctorum L.), using alternative dyeing methods such as ultrasound and microwave energy. Dyeings were performed with conventional-exhaustion, ultrasound and microwave methods using green tea and alum as mordants. The colorimetric, colour fastness properties and FTIR-ATR spectra of the nettle-biofibres dyed were investigated. Although the colour strengths of the microwave and ultrasound energy-aided dyeings were not as high as in conventional dyeings, the usage of microwave-energy in dyeing is important in terms of shortening the process time. All dyed nettle fabrics exhibited very high and commercially acceptable wash, dry-rub, alkaline-perspiration, acidic-perspiration and water fastness properties. Overall the conventional and ultrasound dyeing methods caused slightly higher light fastness than the microwave assisted dyeing method. © 2017, Institute of Biopolymers and Chemical Fibres. All rights reserved.

WOS: 000410628100031, In this study the effect of TiO2-SiO2 nanocomposite on various performance characteristics of finished leather was investigated. For this purpose, TiO2-SiO2 nanocomposite was prepared via the sol-gel method from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and titanium n-butoxide (TBO) catalyzed with acid at ambient temperature. The prepared composite was applied by spraying on to the top coat of finished leathers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were employed to characterize the surface properties and the chemical structure of the nanocomposite films. Inductively coupled plasma optic emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) was used to evaluate elemental analysis of the nanocomposite on leather. The physical-mechanical and fastness properties of leathers treated with the nanocomposite were evaluated according to appropriate standards. The results indicated that the use of TiO2-SiO2 nanocomposite improved certain performance characteristics of leather such as dry and wet rubbing fastness, color fastness to UV light and finish adhesion., TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [213M458], We would like to thank TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) for their financial support (Project. 213M458).

In this study, the effect of plasma treatment and nanofinishing on leather properties was investigated. O2and N2gases were used for activating the leather surface, and thin layers were deposited by hexamethyldisiloxane and tetraethyloxysilane. Nanofinishing process was performed using TiO2–SiO2nanocomposite solution. The surface properties of the treated leathers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The results showed that the hydrophobicity of leather was clearly improved after plasma end treatment with hexamethyldisiloxane, while treatment with tetraethyloxysilane increased its hydrophilic property. Moreover, the fastness properties and water vapor permeability of leathers were improved. © 2017 Taylor & Francis.

Both non eco- and eco-friendly carriers were utilized for accelerating the dyeing rate of polyethylene terephthalate fabrics (PET) dyed with disperse dyes at 100 &deg, C. Fastness properties of the dyed fabrics showed good and excellent results. Finally, the prepared disperse dyes 1 and 2 showed potent anti-tumor cytotoxic activity in vitro using MCF-7 cells (human breast cancer cell line), HepG-2 cells (human Hepatocellular carcinoma), HCT-116 (colon carcinoma), A-549 cells (Lung carcinoma cell line), and anti-oxidant activities.

A series of thiophene incorporating pyrazolone moieties 5a–f and 6a–c were synthesized via diazo coupling of diazonium salt of 3-substituted-2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophenes 1a–c with 3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one, 3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one or 3-amino-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one, respectively. Newly synthesized dyes were applied to polyester fabric as disperse dyes in which their color measurements and fastness properties were evaluated. These dyes showed generally red to blue shifted color with high extinction coefficient in comparison with aniline-based azo dyes. The antitumor activity of the synthesized dyes was evaluated. The results showed clearly that most of them exhibited good activity and compounds 5c and 5d exhibited moderate activity.

World Conference on Technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship -- MAY 28-30, 2015 -- Istanbul, TURKEY WOS: 000380509900261 In this study, the wool fabric was mordanted with natural mordant agents extracted from the waste of three different plants. After the mordanting process, the samples were dyed with the natural dye extracted from the cone of Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana. Finally, the fastness properties, color strength (K/S) values and antimicrobial properties of samples were investigated in terms of the type of mordant. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

A series of some new quinazolinone based MCT reactive dyes (7a–j) were successfully and easily synthesized by the coupling route of diazotized 3-{4-[4-amino-2, 6-difluorobenzyl]-3,5-difluorophenyl}-6-nitro-2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one (4) with a diverse range of o-chloro-p-nitro anilino cyanurated coupling components (6a–j). The structures of all dyes were confirmed by UV–Vis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. All the newly synthesized dyes were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial screening (antibacterial and antifungal) against several bacteria and fungi. Some of the compounds showed significant antibacterial as well as antifungal activities. Furthermore colorimetric study (L∗, a∗, b∗, C∗, H∗, K/S), Fastness properties and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data were also discussed.

In this study, the ultrasound technique was investigated to dye wool fabrics with the natural extract obtained from grape pomace as a way of reducing time, temperature and environmental impact. Indeed, this natural material was very rich in total polyphenolic compounds and total flavonoids (which are, respectively, 310 (mg GAE/L) and 75 mg (CE/L)). Further, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy showed that the major chemical groups identified in the extracted dye and in the dyed wool fabrics are characteristics of phenolic compounds. The experimental findings of the dyeing process showed that ultrasound method could improve obviously the dye exhaustion and fixation which resulted in improving considerably the colour yield (K/S) and the fastness properties of dyed fabrics compared to the conventional heating method., This research is performed in the framework of a MOBIDOC thesis financed by the EU under the program PASRI. The authors express their gratitude to the Tunisian Higher Education and Scientific Research Ministry for the financial support., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

3 Thiazole; Monoazo disperse dyes; Polyester fiber; Fastness properties Abstract Ten new monoazo disperse dyes (4a-j) have been synthesized by coupling of diazotized 2-amino-4-(2 0 ,4 0 -dichlorophenyl)-1,3 thiazole (2) with various N-alkyl derivatives of substituted ani- line (3a-j) and their dyeing performance on polyester fiber has been assessed. These dyes are char- acterized by elemental analysis, UV-vis spectra, IR and NMR spectroscopy. The absorption maxima (kmax) were recorded in DMF and were found to be in the range of 530-600 nm. The dyed polyester fabric showed fair to very good light fastness and very good to excellent washing and rub- bing fastness properties with superior depth and levelness. a 2011 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.

Tamarind seed coat tannin was extracted and its tannin class was determined. The extracted tannin was employed as a natural mordant alone and in combination with metal mordant namely copper sulphate for cotton, wool and silk fabrics and dyed using natural dyes namely turmeric and pomegranate rind. The colour strength, colour coordinates, wash and light fastness were evaluated and compared for all the three fabrics with and without mordanting. The pre-mordanted fabrics on dyeing gave better colour strength, wash and light fastness than those dyeing obtained without mordanting. The total phenolic content of the extract was calculated and minimum inhibition concentration was 1% against both the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The mordanted and dyed fabrics resulted in good antibacterial activity up to 20 washes, when natural mordant was used along with 0.5% and 1% copper sulphate mordant and dyed with natural dyes.

Diazotized aryl amines were coupled with two stenhouse salt namely, N-(5-phenylamino-penta-4-ol-2,4-diene-1-ylidene)anilines hydrochloride [S1 (RH) or S2 (ROH)] to furnish two series of disazo disperse dyes (S1D1–10 and S2D1–10). The structure of all the dyes was established by estimating number of azo groups, elemental analysis and spectral studies (IR, 1H-NMR, UV/Visible). The structure–property relationship was discussed by using electronic absorption spectra of the dyes. These dyes were applied to polyester and nylon fabrics as disperse dyes by using temperature exhaust dyeing method. The relevant dyeing characteristics, such as dyeability on fabrics, wash-fastness and light-fastness were evaluated. Fabrics dyed with these dyes furnished generally deep and bright intense hues ranging from light yellow to orange to reddish brown. The color fastness of the dyed fabric was assessed by determining wash-fastness and light-fastness properties.

Novel bisazo dichloro- s -triazinyl (DCT) reactive dyes (5a–h) containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole molecule as a tetrazo component were synthesized and applied on silk, wool and cotton fibers by exhaust dyeing method. The structures of these dyes were confirmed by UV–vis, FT-IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR and elemental analyses. The exhaustion, fixation and fastness properties of the dyed fabric were assessed and the results demonstrated that these dyes showed moderate to very good light and good to excellent washing and rubbing fastness properties. The colorimetric data (L ∗ , a ∗ , b ∗ , C ∗ , H ∗ , K / S ) of these dyes have also been studied in detail.

Dyeing and fastness properties of a series of 4-fluorosulfonylphenylazo-5-pyrazolone dyes on polyester were investigated in this study. The 4-nitrophenylazo-5-pyrazolone dyes were also synthesized to compare their dyeing and fastness properties on polyester with those of fluorosulfonyl-substituted analogues. The substantivity of 4-arylazo-5-pyrazolone derivatives containing a p-fluorosulfonyl group in the diazo component was lower than that of their nitro analogues which have a higher extinction coefficient and higher affinity because of the polar nitro group. They showed relatively hypsochromic color and lower chroma on polyester compared with their nitro analogues because of the relatively weaker electron-accepting power of the fluorosulfonyl group compared to the nitro group. Disperse dyeing of polyester with 4-fluorosulfonylphenylazo-5-pyrazolone disperse dyes achieved high color fastness and reduces the adverse environmental impact of the dyeing process by providing the option of performing alkali clearing instead of reductive clearing, which has high biological oxygen demand when discharged into the dyeing effluent and generates carcinogenic aromatic amines.

In the present study Terminalia chebula was used as an eco-friendly natural colorant for sustainable textile coloration of woolen yarn with primary emphasis on thermodynamic and kinetic adsorption aspects of dyeing processes. Polyphenols and ellagitannins are the main coloring components of the dye extract. Assessment of the effect of pH on dye adsorption showed an increase in adsorption capacity with decreasing pH. Effect of temperature on dye adsorption showed 80 °C as optimum temperature for wool dyeing with T. chebula dye extract. Two kinetic equations, namely pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order equations, were employed to investigate the adsorption rates. Pseudo second-order model provided the best fit (R (2) = 0.9908) to the experimental data. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The adsorption behavior accorded well (R (2) = 0.9937) with Langmuir isotherm model. Variety of eco-friendly and sustainable shades were developed in combination with small amount of metallic mordants and assessed in terms of colorimetric (CIEL(∗) a (∗) b (∗) and K/S) properties measured using spectrophotometer under D65 illuminant (10° standard observer). The fastness properties of dyed woolen yarn against light, washing, dry and wet rubbing were also evaluated.

The effects of a hydrophilic coating on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fabric using polyethylene glycol-dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (PEG-DMDHEU) were studied to obtain highly cross-linked polyethylene glycol (PEG) with acceptable fastness properties owing to the possibility of fixation PEG on the fibres surface at lower temperature than melting point of PLA fibres. PEG as a Phase Change Materials (PCMs) imparts thermal adaptability, which is so important for the comfort of textiles, to the substrate. While there is a good adhesion between the fibre and the PEG polymer for cotton and polyester fibres, polymer adhesion to PLA fibres and its effects on PLA fabrics have never been studied. The effect of hydrophilic coating on the PLA fabric was studied in comparison to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric by measuring the thermal regulating effect, antistatic, air permeability, and mechanical properties. The results exhibit the possibility of multipurpose finishing on both fabrics samples leading to permanent thermal regulating effect and durable antistatic finish. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.

Diazotized aryl amines were coupled with 3-substituted 5-amino pyrazoles to produce a series of novel 3-substituted 5-amino-4-arylazopyrazoles. Also, 3-substituted 5-amino-pyrazoles were diazotized and coupled with different phenols to give the corresponding novel 3-substituted 5-aryl azo pyrazoles. These dyes were characterized by elemental analysis and spectral data, applied to different types of fibres (wool, polyester and a blend of wool/polyester as disperse dyes) and their fastness properties were evaluated.

4,4′-Methylene-bis-metanilic acid (A) was synthesized by the reaction between metanilic acid and formaldehyde. The compound (A) was used as a bifunctional middle component in the preparation of several symmetrical hot brand bis azo reactive dyes. The compound (A) was tetrazotized and coupled with various m -nitro anilino cyanurated coupling component to give various hot brand bis azo reactive dyes. The entired compounds have been identified by IR, 1 H NMR spectra and elemental analysis. The dyes were applied on silk, wool and cotton fabrics and their fastness properties were evaluated. All the dyes give good fastness properties. The percentage dye bath exhaustion was also been studied.

The solid-solid reactions of thiosemicarbazide with 4-formylantipyrine, 2-acetylpyrrole and camphor were performed to afford the thiosemicarbazones 1–3 which underwent hetero-cyclization with phenacyl bromide to furnish the corresponding thiazole derivatives 4–6. The yields of the reactions are quantitative in all cases and the products do not require further purification. A series of 5-arylazo-2-(substituted ylidene-hydrazinyl)-thiazole dyes 7–9 was then prepared by diazo coupling of thiazole derivatives 4–6 with several diazonium chlorides. The synthesized dyes were applied as disperse dyes for dyeing polyester fabric. The dyed fabrics exhibit good washing, perspiration, sublimation and light fastness properties, with little variation in their moderate to good rubbing fastness.

In this study, the synthesis and characterization of two new upper rim functionalized azocalix[4]arene dyes have been obtained by coupling calix[4]arene with different diazo compounds of 3,5-dicarboxyaniline and 4-aminobenzene sulphon amide. The characterization of these dyes has been carried out by elemental analysis, FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra. The effect of varying dielectric constants of solvents on the absorption spectra of azocalix[4]arenes (1, 2, 3, 4) and commercial Isolan Gelb SGL (T) have been examined by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. These azocalix[4]arene dyes have also been used for dyeing textile fibers like cotton, wool, acetate, polyester and polyamide fibers. Their dyeing and fastness properties have also been discussed. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012.

In this study, the effectiveness of the ozonation process, in neutral distilled water at room temperature, as a clearing process for disperse-dyed poly(lactic acid) fibre fabrics is investigated. The efficiency of simultaneous decolorisation of dyebath effluent and clearing of dyed poly(lactic acid) in the cooled dyebath after completion of the poly(lactic acid) dyeing cycle is also explored. Conventional alkaline reduction clearing with sodium dithionite was chosen as a control clearing process for comparison. Wash fastness, colour difference, colour removal (in Hazen) and chemical oxygen demand values were determined and compared. Long ozone treatment times at high ozone dose resulted in unacceptable colour differences. The colour difference problem was solved by use of lower ozone dose; however, a warm soaping step had to be added to the after-clearing sequence in order to achieve the desired fastness properties. A 33% reduction on the chemical oxygen demand load of the total process (dyeing + after-clearing) could be achieved by ozone after-clearing instead of using a conventional reduction clearing treatment. The addition of the warm soaping step to improve the fastness properties of the ozonated samples increased the total chemical oxygen demand of the process (dyeing + ozonation in water + warm soaping), but a 12–18% reduction on the chemical oxygen demand load of the total process was observed when compared with the conventional treatment sequence (dyeing + reduction clearing).

The dyeing behavior of hollow poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers was investigated by comparison with standard PET fibers. Three different disperse dyes were used to dye both hollow and standard polyester fabrics. The effects of the molecular size of the disperse dye, dye concentration, dyeing temperature, absorbance and reflectance values, brightness index, color strength ( K/ S value), and wash fastness properties were evaluated. Although the absorbance values of the fibers were almost equal for both fibers, the color strength values of hollow fibers were lower than those of standard fibers. The reflectance values and brightness indexes of hollow fibers were found to be higher than those of standard fibers. The wash fastness values of the fibers dyed with the same dyeing recipe were observed to be similar.

The oxidative ozone treatment of poly (ethylene terephthalate) fibers after dyeing was recently proposed as a novel afterclearing method. High fastness properties, energy and time savings, and environmental benefits were reported by the ozone treatment compared to the conventional reduction clearing. This study investigated the efficiency of the ozone treatment afterclearing process on the surface trimer removal of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers. Results indicated similar cyclic trimer [(GT)3] removal rates after 1 min ozone treatment when compared to the conventional reduction clearing; the removal rates increased at 3 min ozone treatment time. The migration rate of the cyclic trimers [(GT)3] out of the fibers was also investigated as a function of temperature and a sudden increase was observed after second glass transition temperature of poly (ethylene terephthalate) fibers rather than a linear increase.

This paper focuses on the application of a novel mathematical limit approach derived for K/S values in reactive dyeing of cotton fabrics. The relation obtained from Kubelka-Munk equation is used because the Kubelka-Munk equation is the basic relationship among fabric reflectance, fabric dye content and dyestuff characteristics. The limit approach derived in a former paper is applied to the laboratory dyeings and the dyeing behavior of some reactive dyes on cotton knitted fabric has been obtained. The results of the laboratory experiments are discussed using the new mathematical approach. When the actual K/S values obtained from the dyeings and the calculated K/S values derived by the limit approach are considered independently, it is observed that the limit relation is valid for low dye concentration applications. When the K/S values are calculated taking the K/S value of the initial dyeing concentration (0.1 % owf as the starting concentration by applying the result of the derived limit approach, the calculated K/S values fit with the ones obtained in actual dyeings. It is concluded that the novel approach presented in the paper can be used in calculating the K/S values when the initial dyeings at low dye concentrations are carefully carried out.

Dibenzobarallene was used as a key intermediate for the synthesis of 2-(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoyl)-3,4,4a,5,10,10a-hexahydro-1 H -5,10-benzenobenzo[ g ]phthalazine-1,4-dione ( 2 ). The previous compound was coupled with the appropriate diazonium chloride to give the corresponding 4-arylazo-2-naphthol derivatives 3a – l . Also, nitration, nitrosation and bromination of compound 2 afforded the corresponding nitro, nitroso and bromo derivatives 4 – 6 , respectively. The synthesized compounds were established and evaluated as antibacterial agents. The results showed clearly that compounds 2 , 3a , 3c , 3d , 3g , 3i , 4 , 5 and 6 exhibited interesting high activities compared with reference drugs. Also, these compounds were applied to polyester as disperse dyes in which their color measurement and fastness properties were evaluated.

The present communication aims to develop bisazo disperse dyes based on 3-[4-(4-amino-2-chlorophenoxy)anilino]phenol (DAP) both as a coupling component as well as a diazonium salt. Coupling reaction of DAP was carried out with a diazonium salt of 4-aminoacetanilide to yield a monoazo disperse dye, and then it was further used as a diazonium salt and coupled with a different aromatic phenol to synthesize bisazo disperse dyes. All the disperse dyes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, NMR and UV–Visible spectral studies with a view to determine their chemical structure. The dyeing ability of these bisazo disperse dyes has been evaluated in terms of their dyeing behavior and fastness properties on different fabrics.