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Probing and tuning the electron tunneling in metal electrode–insulator–metal nanoparticle systems provide a unique vision for understanding the fundamental mechanism of electrochemistry and broadening the horizon in practical applications of molecular electronics in many electrochemical systems. Here we report a plasmonic imaging technique to monitor the local double-layer charging of individual Au nanoparticles deposited on gold electrode separated by monolayer of n-alkanethiol molecules. The thickness of molecular monolayer tunes the tunneling kinetics and conductivity, which predicts the heterogeneous behavior on the modified electrode surface for different electrochemical systems. We studied the distance dependence of the electron tunneling and double layer charging processes by a plasmonic-based electrical impedance microscopy. By performing fast Fourier transform analysis of the recorded plasmonic image sequences, we can quantify the interfacial impedance of single nanoparticles and the tunneling decay constant of molecular layer. We further observed the electron neutralization dynamics during single-nanoparticle collisions on different surfaces. This optical readout of electron tunneling demonstrates an imaging approach to determine the electrical properties of metal electrode–insulator–metal nanoparticle systems, which include the electron tunneling mechanism and local impedance.

This work aims to propose an improved model for aging evaluation and moisture prediction of transformer cellulose insulation, which is based on the combination of the advantages of both frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) and cellulose aging kinetics model. In the present work, the FDS was firstly employed to achieve the prediction of the inside moisture according to its moisture-sensitive property. Then, the predicted moisture is applied to construct the improved aging kinetics model, so that the aging condition of the transformer cellulose insulation can be predicted as well. The presented lab tests, as well as the field tests, have demonstrated the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed model. In that respect, the present contributions attempt to present a novel idea for the aging evaluation and moisture prediction for transformer cellulose insulation.

The existence of electrolytes in aquatic environment on the photocatalytic performance and coagulation of nanodispersed TiO2 hydrosol and the corresponding photocatalytic alteration were investigated by studying cations (Na+, K+, Ca 2+, Mg2+, and Al3+). The photocatalysis reactions of nano TiO2 with different dosages of electrolytes were measured by monitoring the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under ultraviolet A (UV-A) irradiation over time. The results showed that the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 was improved by the presence of Al3+, while the performance was impaired by the other tested cations. The negative influences of divalent ions on the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 were more significant than monovalent ions. The TiO2 sol dispersed stable at nano scale at low concentration of electrolyte (< 0.01 mol/L) with slight change of pH, and coagulated into micro sizes at high concentration of electrolytes (> 0.1 mol/L) with larger increase or decrease of pH. The positive effects of Al3+ on the photodegradation rate of RhB might relate to the strong hydrolytic action of Al3+ in aquatic solutions. The photocatalytic processes of TiO2 in the presence of all ions followed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, and the reaction kinetic constant was increased with the decrease of pH caused by different cations. These work suggested a new perspective about the relationship between coagulation and photocatalytic performance of TiO2 hydrosols in electrolyte with hydrolysable cations, which demonstrated that TiO2 hydrosols may be suitable as photocatalysts in aquatic environments.

BackgroundPrevious studies on the association between thyroid function and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have contradicted. Acquired resistance to thyroid hormone theory might provide a reasonable explanation for these contradictions. We aimed to analyze the association between sensitivity to thyroid hormone indices with NAFLD.MethodsA total of 4,610 individuals from the health medical center of the First Hospital of China Medical University were included in this study. The previously used thyroid feedback quantile-based index (TFQIFT4) was calculated. Also, we substituted free triiodothyronine (FT3) into the TFQI formulas to get the TFQIFT3 index. NAFLD was defined using abdominal ultrasound.ResultsStudy results showed that FT3/FT4 and TFQIFT3 were positively correlated with the triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (PPFT4 was positively correlated with HDL-C level (P < 0.05). After adjustment for multiple confounders, FT3, FT3/FT4, and TFQIFT3 were positively associated with the risks of dyslipidemia and NAFLD (P < 0.05). TFQIFT3 and FT3/FT4 performed better than TFQIFT4 on ROC analyses for NAFLD prediction, although the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity at the optimal cut-points were low. However, no association was observed between TFQIFT4 with the risks of dyslipidemia and NAFLD.ConclusionTFQIFT3 and FT3/FT4 can be used as new indicators for predicting dyslipidemia and NAFLD, although with low sensitivity and specificity at the optimal cut-points, while TFQIFT4 has insufficient evidence in predicting dyslipidemia and NAFLD.

Background The clinical value of indocyanine green (ICG) in laparoscopic radical gastrectomy remains controversial. We performed this meta-analysis to investigate the safety and efficacy of ICG fluorescence imaging-guided radical gastrectomy. Methods All relevant studies published until 30 October 2020 were retrieved from several databases. Fixed- and random-effects models were used to analyze the results based on different heterogeneity levels. Data were expressed as odds ratios or weighted mean differences along with 95% confidence intervals. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system scale was used for quality of evidence evaluation. Results This meta-analysis included six cohort studies that investigated 622 patients. Compared with conventional radical gastrectomy, ICG fluorescence imaging-guided gastrectomy facilitates complete lymph node dissection, reduces intraoperative blood loss, and shortens the length of postoperative hospitalization. Moreover, we observed no significant intergroup differences in the operative time, first exhaust time, and postoperative complications. Conclusion ICG fluorescence imaging-guided radical gastrectomy scores over conventional gastrectomy and appears to be a promising approach in patients who require radical gastrectomy. However, further research is warranted to explore the potential long-term survival benefit of ICG fluorescence imaging in patients with gastric cancer.

Four kinds of alcohol amines were tested to improve the anticorrosion performance of the phosphoric and tannic acid (PTA)-based rust converter. The alcohol amine modified PTA rust converters with the optimum mechanical and functional performances were used to prepare the homogeneous single-component waterborne rust conversion-based paint. The mechanical properties and the long-term corrosion resistance of the synthesized rust converter-based paint were investigated. The results show that alcohol amine modified PTA rust converter can convert the rust layer into a thick passivation film with iron tannate and iron phosphate as the main components, significantly improving the corrosion resistance of the carbon steel. The alcohol amine D modified PTA rust converter (RC-D) showed the best anticorrosion and rust conversion performances. The waterborne rust conversion-based paint can convert the rust layer of steel into a blue-black and relatively flat passivation film layer. The waterborne polymer-based paint containing 10 wt.% RC-D significantly improves the long-term corrosion resistance of the rusty steel and the mechanical property of paint.

How developmental programs reactivate in regeneration is a fundamental question in biology. We addressed this question through the study of Wound Induced Hair follicle Neogenesis (WIHN), an adult organogenesis model where stem cells regenerate de novo hair follicles following deep wounding. The exact mechanism is uncertain. Here we show that self-noncoding dsRNA activates the anti-viral receptor toll like receptor 3 (TLR3) to induce intrinsic retinoic acid (RA) synthesis in a pattern that predicts new hair follicle formation after wounding in mice. Additionally, in humans, rejuvenation lasers induce gene expression signatures for dsRNA and RA, with measurable increases in intrinsic RA synthesis. These results demonstrate a potent stimulus for RA synthesis by non-coding dsRNA, relevant to their broad functions in development and immunity., During wound induced hair follicle neogenesis (WIHN), stem cells regenerate hair follicles but how this arises is unclear. Here, the authors show that self-noncoding dsRNA activates the antiviral receptor TLR3 to induce intrinsic retinoic acid, which stimulates WIHN in mice, and in isolated human keratinocyte cells.

Plasmonically induced transparency (PIT) in hexagon boron nitride (h-BN)-graphene-silica grating-based structure is proposed and demonstrated. By tuning the chemical potential of graphene and changing the geometry parameters of the proposed structure, PIT can be realized both within the upper reststrahlen (RS) band and outside the RS band. The group delay of the PIT window is analyzed and can be up to ~0.15 ps within the upper RS band via changing the chemical potential of graphene and the parameters of the silica grating. Apart from that, a refractive index (RI) sensor with a sensitivity of up to 0.336 μm per RI unit outside the RS band is proposed by changing the RI of the sensor media. The proposed structure may have the application in the graphene-h-BN-based slow light devices and optical sensors.

The mass transfer numerical model including the long-term gas phase diffusion of a waterborne migrating corrosion inhibitor (MCI, named PCI-2016) in concrete was investigated in this study. The PCI-2016 was prepared by using multi-compound and chelate-induced techniques. The concentrations of nitrogen in different thickness of cover concrete after surface-painted different amounts of PCI-2016 were calculated by this mass transfer model. The calculated data were basically consistent with the nitrogen contents tested by Kjeldahl method at interface between steel bar and mortar matrix. To verify the anticorrosion performance of painting PCI-2016 steel bars bedded in mortar specimens containing different content of NaCl painted with relevant amounts of PCI-2016 were also investigated by the linear polarization resistance (LPR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results revealed that the I corr of steel bar in the specimen containing 1.25% NaCl (wt. to cement) after painting with 5 g PCI-2016 for 3 days and 28 days decreased from 0.67 μA·cm –2 (before painting) to 0.25 μA·cm –2 and 0.06 μA·cm –2 , respectively. The numerical analysis and test results supported that the gas phase transfer model is suitable to calculate the weight of PCI-2016 at the interface zone between steel bar and concrete, and the painted the certain amounts of PCI-2016 on the surface of mortar could show an identified repairing effect on the corrosive steel bar.

Structural mapping of intermediate size and large molecules and biomolecules at ultra-high resolution using single-crystal electrodes and in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy continues to disclose surprising findings. In situ scanning tunnelling spectroscopy has also recently disclosed new electrochemical conductivity features at the level of the single molecule. We overview briefly elements of this development over the last few years, with focus on three recent discoveries: (1) a new packing mode of a core monolayer target thiol, the amino acid cysteine (Cys) on Au(100)-electrodes, quite different from Cys packing on Au(111)- and Au(110)-electrodes; (2) transition of a core ferrocene in situ scanning tunnelling spectroscopy probe from stochastic single-molecule to macroscopic behaviour, a concept at the heart of nanoscience; and (3) unexpected behaviour of the large molybdenum enzyme sulfite oxidase, when going from macroscopic to single-molecule electrochemistry. We compare these studies with other recent discoveries of single-molecule protein conductivity and molecular scale inorganic nanostructures.

The strong agglomeration potential and poor re-dispersibility of nano TiO2 particles in powder form seriously affect the depollution and self-cleaning performances. The nano TiO2 particles in hydrosol form can be stably dispersed in aqueous solution, but the synthetic temperature influences the crystal pattern, stability, and hydrodynamic diameter of nano TiO2 particles. In this study, a stable and nano dispersed anatase TiO2 hydrosol is synthesized by hydrolysis of titanium isopropoxide, and the effects of synthetic temperature on physicochemical properties and stability of TiO2 hydrosol are discussed. The photocatalytic and self-cleaning performances of synthetic TiO2 hydrosol coating are characterized by the colour change rate of Rhodamine B and NOx conversion UV irradiation. Compared with a commercial nano TiO2 powder (Degussa P-25), the TiO2 hydrosol coating with very low dosages shows better photocatalytic and self-cleaning performances under the same experimental conditions.

The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 protein is a critical regulator that mediates various biological activities, such as cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and cellular senescence. As a DNA damage-inducing agent, doxorubicin could reactivate the transcriptional activity of p53 and modulate the p21 protein level. In this work, sensitive and selective monitoring of the intracellular p21 protein in doxorubicin-treated breast cancer cells was conducted using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The fluidic channels were pre-immobilized with double stranded (ds) DNA/proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) for the capture of the p21 protein. The incorporation of the anti-p21 antibody-streptavidin conjugate pre-formed between streptavidin and biotinylated anti-p21 antibody that specifically recognizes the p21 protein leads to signal amplification. The detection limit of 0.85 pM for the p21 protein was lower than that using the commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The treatment of MCF-7 breast cancer cells with wild-type p53 by various doses of doxorubicin leads to differences in the extent of DNA damage. Low-level DNA damage by low-dose doxorubicin up-regulates the p21 level, and p21 exerts its anti-apoptotic function, causing p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. However, massive DNA damage by high-dose doxorubicin represses the expression of the p21 protein through increased proteasome activity, leading to cell apoptosis. The proposed method is sensitive, selective and label-free, holding great promise for the assay of the DNA damage-induced intracellular p21 protein and understanding of p21 protein-mediated cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and cell apoptosis.

Identification of gene variation is of great importance for attaining information related to disease susceptibility. A highly sensitive and specific surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method for quantification of the apoE gene and genotype discrimination was demonstrated. The complementary sequences with the specific recognition sites of GCGC bases upon hybridization to the preimmobilized biotinylated probes could be cleaved by the restriction enzyme HhaI, while the existence of the single-base mismatch (GTGC) prevented the cleavage reaction. In both cases, the incorporation of streptavidin increased the sensitivity of the SPR assay, and the detection levels of 10 fM and 50 fM for the complementary and single-base mismatched sequences were attained, respectively. The sensing protocol is simple, label-free, and quantitative, thus avoiding the complicated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification procedures. The proposed method serves as a viable means for facile and sensitive analyses of apoE genes in four unamplified genomic DNA extracts.

Murine double minute 2 (MDM2) is an oncoprotein mediating the degradation of the tumor suppressor p53 protein. The physiological levels of MDM2 protein are closely related to malignant transformation and tumor growth. In this work, the simultaneous and label-free determination of free and p53-bound MDM2 proteins from sarcoma tissue extracts was conducted using a dual-channel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) instrument. Free MDM2 protein was measured in one fluidic channel covered with the consensus double-stranded (ds)-DNA/p53 conjugate, while MDM2 bound to p53 was captured by the consensus ds-DNA immobilized onto the other channel. To achieve higher sensitivity and to confirm specificity, an MDM2-specific monoclonal antibody (2A10) was used to recognize both the free and p53-bound MDM2 proteins. The resultant method afforded a detection limit of 0.55 pM of MDM2. The amenability of the method to the analysis of free and p53-bound MDM2 proteins was demonstrated for normal and sarcoma tissue extracts from three patients. Our data reveal that both free and total MDM2 (free and bound forms combined) proteins from sarcoma tissue extracts are of much higher concentrations than those from normal tissue extracts and the p53-bound MDM2 protein only constitutes a small fraction of the total MDM2 concentration. In comparison with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the proposed method possesses higher sensitivity, is more cost-effective, and is capable of determining free and p53-bound MDM2 proteins in clinical samples.

A large number of toxic fumes evolved from polymeric materials are a great threat to human evacuation. The aim of this work is to dramatically reduce the generation of smoke and toxic gaseous products upon polymers burning. A highly efficient titanium carbide/nano-copper (Ti3C2Tx/Nano-Cu) hybrid smoke suppressant was synthesized by interficial adhesion and then incorporated into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) to fabricate TPU nanocomposites. The Ti3C2Tx/Nano-Cu hybrid was homogeneously dispersed in the TPU matrix and showed a strong interfacial interaction with the TPU host. Introducing the Ti3C2Tx/Nano-Cu hybrid into TPU led to enhanced high-temperature stability. Furthermore, the smoke production rate, CO production rate and total CO yield of the TPU nanocomposite containing 2 wt% Ti3C2Tx/Nano-Cu hybrid decreased by 66.7%, 51.8% and 52.9%, respectively, compared with those of pure TPU. The reduced fire hazards of the TPU were due to the physical barrier, the catalytic charring and the chemical conversion of Ti3C2Tx/Nano-Cu hybrid.

The paper describes a colorimetric sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of human IgG. It is based on the use of an Fe(II) coordination complex as a signal amplifier and of mesoporous silica nanoparticles modified with glucose oxidase (GOx) and secondary antibodies (Ab2). After formation of the immuno sandwich complex, the quantity of GOx is proportional to the quantity of IgG. On addition of Fe(II) and glucose, GOx catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to produce hydrogen peroxide which oxidizes Fe(II) to Fe(III). After adding a stop solution containing the complexing ligand 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen), un-reacted Fe(II) forms an orange-red complex with Phen which can be detected by plate reader and even seen with bare eyes. This sandwich ELISA has a linear response in the 1 pg.mL−1 to 100 ng.mL−1 human IgG concentration range and a 860 fg.mL−1 detection limit. This is 20 times lower than the commercial ELISA for human IgG. The assay also is selective, stable, highly sensitive and cost-effective.

Hydrophobic modification PEO-PPO copolymer BP123 was synthesized, with two aromatic rings in the centre linked to PEO-PPO blocks, and the identical PEO and PPO block numbers were possessed with commercial copolymer P123. The influence of three common pharmaceutical excipient salts sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium citrate (NaCA) and sodium benzoate (NaBZ) on self-assembly behaviors of BP123 and P123 was investigated via cloud point, surface tension, pyrene fluorescence and dynamic light scattering. Solubilization for hydrophobic drug simvastatin (SV) and in vitro drug release behavior were assessed accordingly. In the presence of NaCl or NaCA, cloud point and critical micellization concentration (CMC) decreased, micelles became more hydrophobic, micellar size and drug solubilization increased, drug release rate slowed, and the impact of NaCA was more significant than NaCl. Oppositely, cloud point and CMC increased with the addition of NaBZ. NaBZ could participate in the formation of micelles by hydrophobic aromatic ring, which greatly raised solubilization of SV. Moreover, a different performance occurred when NaBZ was added to BP123 or P123, due to the hydrophobic benzene rings in BP123, which prominently enhanced the interaction with hydrophobic drug, leading to obvious delay of drug release for BP123. This work is conducive to turning copolymer property in diverse pharmaceutical applications and in drug delivery systems as drug carriers.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of iodine supplementation during pregnancy on thyroid function and also its effect on postpartum depression in an iodine-sufficient area. Healthy pregnant women were divided into three groups: group A (vitamin iodine–150) receiving vitamin containing 150 μg iodine, group B (vitamin iodine–0) receiving vitamin without iodine, and group C (no vitamin) receiving no vitamin. General information was collected by questionnaire and thyroid function was determined in the third trimester of pregnancy. Depression was assessed 1 month postpartum by the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS). The results showed that there was no significant difference in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level among the three groups (P > 0.05). FT4 concentration was significantly lower in group A (n = 234: 10.68 pmol/L) than in group B (n = 220: 11.47 pmol/L) and group C (n = 195: 11.64 pmol/L) (P

Providing a mechanically stable and electronically efficient coupling between a molecule and an electrode is critical to the study of charge transfer and conductance of the molecule. A common method is to link the molecule to Au electrodes via a linker (e.g., thiol terminal of the molecule). Here we study the mechanical stability and electronic coupling of a S-Au bond in single-molecule junctions over a broad range of electrode potentials. Our results show that the mechanical and electromechanical properties of molecule-electrode contact undergo a systematic change with the potential involving Au oxidation at positive potentials and S protonation at negative potentials. The study establishes the potential range for a stable S-Au bond and determines the potential dependence of the mechanical and electromechanical properties of the molecule-electrode contact, which is crucial to the interpretation of potential-dependent charge transfer in electrochemistry and electrochemical gating of charge transport in molecular electronics.

A sensitive method is described for detection of the apoE 4 gene detection which is important for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. It is based on signal amplification by using ferrocene (Fc) capped gold nanoparticles modified with streptavidin. The immobilized oligonucleotide probe captures complementary apoE 4 gene. This is followed by the specific recognition of the GCGC sequences which are hydrolyzed by the restriction enzyme HhaI. Cleavage only occurs at the complementary apoE 4 duplex, while mismatches prevent enzymatic cleavage. Thus, the apoE 4 sequence can be discriminated against other apoE sequences. Benefitting from amplified signal by Fc-capped nanoparticle/streptavidin and the recognition of HhaI, the detection limit is as low as 0.1 pM of the ApoE 4 gene. Four genomic DNA samples extracted from blood were analyzed for the presence of the apoE 4 gene. The approach presented here will provide viable proof-of-principle for an enzyme-assisted electrochemical assay for the apoE 4 gene in genomic DNAs. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of amplified voltammetric detection of Alzheimer's Disease-related apoE 4 gene from unamplified genomic DNA extracts via ferrocene capped gold nanoparticle/streptavidin.

The aging kinetics model is of great interest to scholars since it is capable of describing the variation law between the degree of polymerization (DP) and the aging duration of transformer polymer (cellulose) insulation. However, it is difficult to determine the moisture content inside the transformer polymer insulation without destroying it, so that the model parameters cannot be confirmed. Such limitation greatly restricts its application. It is interesting to note that as long as the moisture content of the transformer polymer insulation could be characterized (replaced) by a certain feature parameter, the above issue will be solved naturally. The existing researches indicate that the Frequency Domain Spectroscopy (FDS) is sensitive to moisture. Consequently, the feature parameter that could characterize the moisture inside transformer polymer insulation (extracted from the FDS curve) can be used to report a modified aging kinetics model, which could perform the aging condition prediction of transformer polymer insulation under various test conditions, including aging duration, aging temperature, and initial moisture. In that respect, the average relative error of prediction results of prepared samples is equal to 7.41%, which reveals that the reported model might be serviced as a potential tool for the aging condition prediction of transformer polymer insulation.

A novel aqueous penetrating corrosion inhibitor marked PCI-2016 was prepared by using multicompound and chelate-induced techniques for this paper. Adsorption and inhibition behaviors of PCI...

Hydrogen peroxide oxidative desulfurization of model diesel fuel mixtures in the presence of azacrown ethers and their complexes with niobium pentachloride at 40–80°C has been studied. It has been found that the use of complexes of azacrown ethers with NbCl5 leads to a decrease in the total sulfur content in the model mixtures to 13% of the initial amount. The structure of the azacrown ether used has little effect on the extent of desulfurization of the model mixture.

The transport and inhibition behaviors of a migrating corrosion inhibitor (MCI, marked PCI-2015) in reinforced concrete (in this paper, only mortar specimens were used for testing) contained different contents of NaCl (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1% by weight of cement) with three water-cement ratios (0.45, 0.55, and 0.65) were investigated by using absorption tests and electrochemical measurements. The results indicated that the measured absorption weight of PCI-2015 basically agrees with the numerical value calculated by the modified MCI transport model, and the representative absorbed weight of PCI-2015 in W/C 0.65 concrete with 1% NaCl was 16.23 g/kg at 1 day, while the corrosion current (Icorr) of steel bars in the concrete was reduced to 0.02 μA/cm2 from the initial data 1.38 μA/cm2. The visual observation of surface condition for steel bars in concrete mixed with 1% NaCl by broken specimens showed that the surfaces of steel bars in concrete treated with PCI-2015 were bright. X-ray photoelectron...

Both plasmon-phonon-polariton (SPP-PHP) modes and phonon-polariton (PHP) modes supported in graphene-coated hexagon boron nitride (h-BN) single nanowire are presented. The field distributions of the lowest 5 order modes of SPP-PHP modes supported in graphene-coated hexagon boron nitride nanowire pairs (SPP-PHP-GHNP) and the lowest 5 order modes of PHP modes supported in graphene-coated hexagon boron nitride nanowire pairs (GHNP) are also demonstrated and analyzed, respectively. The results of numerical calculation show that SPP-PHP-GHNP mode 0 owns the strongest confinement and lowest loss among the lowest 5 order modes of SPP-PHP-GHNP. Furthermore, the field enhancement of SPP-PHP-GHNP mode 0 can reach over 105 by controlling the geometry parameters of GHNP. Meanwhile, the influence of tuning the Fermi level of graphene on the field enhancement is also presented in the paper. The proposed structure may improve the development of graphene-h-BN-based optoelectronic devices.

The corrosion currents of steel bar in concrete with three W/B and four chloride contents after surface-painting two migrating corrosion inhibitors (PCI-2015 and MCI-A) 14d to 150d in atmospheric condition were measured. The results showed that the corrosion current density (I corr) of steel bar reduced to 0.1 μA.cm-2 from the initial highest 3.833 μA.cm-2 (W/B=0.65, NaCl-1%) after surface-painting PCI-2015 14 d, and the I corr was still lower than 0.1 μA.cm-2 until 150d. The compressive strength and chloride migration coefficient of concrete specimens were tested. The possible reasons of the mechanisms of durability improvement for reinforced concrete by applying PCI-2015 inhibitor were PCI-2015 may be reacted with calcium hydroxide in cement concrete and lots of inhibitor particles may be adsorbed on the active sites first and then a stable protective layer may be formed. The I corr of steel bars in a hydraulic aqueduct concrete structure after painting PCI-2015, MCI-A (the United States) and MCI-B (Europe) during 6 months was monitored by Gecor 8 tester. The results showed that the average values of I corr of steel bars after painting the PCI-2015 150d fulfilled the specification requirements in "Design code for concrete structure strengthening (E.3) "(GB 50367-2013).

The anticorrosion properties of polymer emulsion modified cement-based coating with healing effect on carbon steel were investigated. The change of linear polarization resistance (Rp) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) have been used to measure the inhibitive and curative effect of electrodes painted with the coating in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results indicated the high alkalinity of filler (cement) in coating can obviously improve the anticorrosion performance of coated steel electrodes. And the inhibitive ability of cement-based coating with fluoride acrylic emulsion is superior to that of the coating with epoxy emulsion. Moreover, by adding antirust pigments and rust converters in the fluoride acrylic emulsion modified cement-based coating, the inhibitive property was improved and the curative effect can be observed.

Structurally different ionic liquids have been used as a medium for oxidation of dibenzothiophene with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of niobium pentachloride and oxaazacrown ethers. The maximum degree of oxidative conversion of dibenzothiophene (63%) was achieved in the presence of 5-(1,4,7,10-tet-raoxa-13-azacyclopentadecan-13-yl)pentadecanoic acid, an oxaazacrown ether bearing the carboxylic group in a side chain.