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To solve the problem of measuring the combustion temperature of hydrogen gas, an improved two-colour pyrometer with suspended tungsten powder was developed and calibrated by a tungsten halogen lamp. The characteristic temperature parameters of the premixed 30% H2/70% air flame, including temperature distribution, proportion, maximum value, minimum value, and average value, could be measured and calculated using the improved two-colour pyrometer method and a python code. The temperature measuring results of H2-air mixture obtained by this technique were compared with that of thermocouples and previous studies. The results verified its feasibility to measure the flame temperature structure of H2 combustion. Future work concerning the influential factors of the improved two-colour pyrometer was also mentioned.

The HBV capsid protein (CP) plays a vital role in the multiple life cycles of HBV and represents a novel anti-HBV target. Recently, a novel series of heteroaryldihydropyrimidine (HAP) derivatives were reported as potent inhibitors of HBV capsid assembly, and they also exhibit antiviral activities. In this study, the structure and activity relationship of 36 heteroaryldihydropyrimidine-based compounds was explored by conducting structure–activity relationship (3D-QSAR) studies using CoMFA and CoMSIA models. The results showed that CoMFA (q2 = 0.610, r2 = 0.998, and rpred2 = 0.837) and CoMSIA (q2 = 0.586, r2 = 0.998, and rpred2 = 0.698) have excellent estimation stability and prediction capability. The contour maps of the steric field, electrostaticfield, and hydrogen bond acceptor field revealed the modified regions of these compounds. Subsequently, molecular docking was carried out to investigate the docking mode of the template molecule and receptors, thereby further verifying the results of the 3D-QSAR model. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to validate the accuracy of the docking results. Based on these results, we designed 4 new heteroaryldihydropyrimidine-based compounds and predicted their activity. These results may provide important reference for the design and development of potent and new HBV capsid assembly inhibitors.

Purpose The relationship between circulating selenium and diabetes mellitus (DM) remains inconsistent. Therefore, the relationship between circulating selenium and DM was investigated in the present study. Patients and Methods All participants (aged ≥18 years) were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2006. Selenium concentrations from the fasting serum samples were determined using inductively coupled mass spectrometry, then grouped into quartiles. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by using multivariate logistic regression analysis and the results were stratified by age and sex. Results A total of 2,903 (61.9±13.7 years old) participants (49.3% males) were enrolled, and 580 (19.97%) of them had DM. The mean levels of selenium were 136.4±19.6 µg/L. Patients with DM (138.76±20.02 vs 135.88±19.44, P=0.002) had higher selenium levels compared to those without DM. The OR for DM was 1.12 (95% CI=1.01-1.24; P=0.0270) for each 10 µg/L increment in selenium, and subjects in the highest quartile of selenium levels (>147.00 uµg/L) had 2.82 (95% CI=1.55-5.11; P=0.0007) times higher risk of DM compared to the lowest quartile of selenium levels. Subgroup analysis showed that selenium was independently associated with DM only in female aged

Objectives of this study were to evaluate the alleviating effects of a commercial beta-1,3-glucan product (Aleta, containing 50% beta-1,3-glucan, Kemin Industries) on metabolic stress in transition Holstein cows as reflected by circulating metabolites and enzymes. Fifty-four multiparous Holstein cows were randomly allocated to three groups with 18 cows each. Cows in each group received a commercial basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with Aleta calculated to supply 5 or 10 g of Aleta per cow per day. Blood samples were collected at day −21, 1, and 21 relative to calving for determination of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL C) , very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), glucose, insulin, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA). Supplementation with Aleta markedly elevated serum concentrations of TG, TC, HDL C, LDL-C and VLDL, implying its positive effect on lipid metabolism in transition dairy cows. Aleta treatment significantly decreased the serum concentrations of NEFA and BHBA, but markedly elevated the serum concentrations of glucose and insulin. Also, Aleta treatment significantly elevated the dry matter intake and milk production in postpartum cows, indicating the alleviating effect of Aleta on negative energy balance in transition cows. Moreover, Aleta treatment significantly reduced the serum activities of AST, ALT and GGT, indicating its hepatoprotective effect on transition cows. These results suggest that Aleta supplementation may help to improve fat metabolism disorder initiated by negative energy balance in transition dairy cows.

Background Melatonin (MT) has been shown to protect against various cardiovascular diseases. However, the effect of MT on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced myocardial injury is poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate the effects of MT on LPS-induced myocardial injury in vitro. Methods H9C2 cells were divided into a control group, MT group, LPS group, and MT + LPS group. The control group was treated with sterile saline solution, the LPS group received 8 µg/mL LPS for 24 h, MT + LPS cells were pretreated with 200 µmol/L MT for 2 h then with 8 µg/mL LPS for 24 h, and the MT group received only 200 µmol/L MT for 2 h. The CCK-8 assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity assay were used to analyze cell viability and LDH release, respectively. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the rate of pyroptosis were measured using the fluorescent probe dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and propidium iodide (PI) staining, respectively. The cell supernatants were used to measure the levels of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protein levels of iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB, p-NF-κB, NLRP3, caspase-1, and GSDMD were detected by western blot. Results MT pretreatment significantly improved LPS-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting inflammation and pyroptosis in H9C2 cells. Moreover, MT inhibited the activation of the NF-κB pathway, and reduced the expression of inflammation-related proteins (iNOS and COX-2), and pyroptosis-related proteins (NLRP3, caspase-1, and GSDMD). Conclusions Our data suggests that MT can alleviate LPS-induced myocardial injury, providing novel insights into the treatment of sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction.

BackgroundThe NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been identified as an important mediator of blood–brain-barrier disruption in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). However, no information is available concerning the critical upstream regulators of SAE.MethodsLipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to establish an in vitro model of blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption and an in vivo model of SAE. Disruption of BBB integrity was assessed by measuring the expression levels of tight-junction proteins. NLRP3 inflammasome activation, pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, and neuroapoptosis were measured using biochemical assays. Finally, the FITC-dextran Transwell assay and Evan’s blue dye assay were used to assess the effect of Maf1 on LPS-induced endothelial permeability in vitro and in vivo.ResultsWe found that Maf1 significantly suppressed the brain inflammatory response and neuroapoptosis induced by LPS in vivo and in vitro. Notably, Maf1 downregulated activation of the NF-κB/p65-induced NLRP3 inflammasome and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, we found that Maf1 and p65 directly bound to the NLRP3 gene promoter region and competitively regulated the function of NLRP3 in inflammations. Moreover, overexpression of NLRP3 reversed the effects of p65 on BBB integrity, apoptosis, and inflammation in response to LPS. Our study revealed novel role for Maf1 in regulating NF-κB-mediated inflammasome formation, which plays a prominent role in SAE.ConclusionsRegulation of Maf1 might be a therapeutic strategy for SAE and other neurodegenerative diseases associated with inflammation.

Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the main liver diseases, and its pathologic profile includes nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, there is no reliable non-invasive parameter in distinguishing NASH from NAFL in clinical practice. The present study was to find a non-invasive way to differentiate these two categories of NAFLD via lipidomic analysis. Methods Lipidomic analysis was used to determine the changes of lipid moieties in blood from 20 NAFL and 10 NASH patients with liver biopsy. Liver histology was evaluated after hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's trichrome staining. The profile of lipid metabolites in correlation with steatosis, inflammation, hepatocellular necroptosis, fibrosis, and NAFLD activity score (NAS) was analyzed. Results Compared with NAFL patients, NASH patients had higher degree of steatosis, ballooning degeneration, lobular inflammation. A total of 434 different lipid molecules were identified, which were mainly composed of various phospholipids and triacylglycerols. Many lipids, such as phosphatidylcholine (PC) (P-22:0/18:1), sphingomyelin (SM) (d14:0/18:0), SM (d14:0/24:0), SM (d14:0/22:0), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (18:0/22:5), PC (O-22:2/12:0), and PC (26:1/11:0) were elevated in the NASH group compared to those in the NAFL group. Specific analysis revealed an overall lipidomic profile shift from NAFL to NASH, and identified valuable lipid moieties, such as PCs [PC (14:0/18:2), PE (18:0/22:5) and PC (26:1/11:0)] or plasmalogens [PC (O-22:0/0:0), PC (O-18:0/0:0), PC (O-16:0/0:0)], which were significantly altered in NASH patients. In addition, PC (14:0/18:2), phosphatidic acid (18:2/24:4) were positively correlated with NAS; whereas PC (18:0/0:0) was correlated positively with fibrosis score. Conclusions The present study revealed overall lipidomic profile shift from NAFL to NASH, identified valuable lipid moieties which may be non-invasive biomarkers in the categorization of NAFLD. The correlations between lipid moieties and NAS and fibrosis scores indicate that these lipid biomarkers may be used to predict the severity of the disease.

A couple of molecular-targeting medications, such as Lenvatinib, are available for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in addition to Sorafenib in an advanced stage. Approval for the use of immune check-point inhibitors, such as Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab has shifted the paradigm of current HCC treatment, and the monotherapy or in combination with Lenvatinib or Sorafenib has significantly extended overall survival or progression-free survival in a large portion of patients. A combination of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitor Atezolizumab with a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor, Bevacizumab, has recently achieved promising outcome in unresectable HCC patients. Other immunotherapy, such as chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has achieved an evolutional success in hematologic malignancies, and has extended its use in deadly solid tumors, such as HCC. Although there exist various barriers, novel approaches are developed to move potential adoptive T cell therapy strategies, including cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), T cell receptor (TCR) T cells, CAR-T cells, to clinical application.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Gemcitabine plus carboplatin (GC) is one of the preferred chemotherapeutic regimens for patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer(mTNBC), with a median progression-free survival(PFS) of 4.6 months in the first-line patients (O'Shaughnessy J, et al. J Clin Oncol 2014). Gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GP) has also demonstrated promising efficacy and safety in the first-line phase III trial of mTNBC, with a median PFS of 7.7 months (Hu XC, Lancet Oncol 2015). A recent analysis, based on data derived from a cohort of 379 mTNBC patients, indicated that patients receiving cisplatin-based regimen as the first-line chemotherapy showed better PFS compared with other platinum agents (8.0 vs 4.3 months, P = 0.03) (Zhang J, et al. Oncotarget 2015). To further investigate the superiority between carboplatin and cisplatin when combined with gemcitabine, this phase II study was conducted to directly compare the efficacy and safety of GP with GC in the first-line treatment for patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer. Trial Design: This prospective phase II, single center, open-label, randomized study has been designed to compare the efficacy and safety of GP with GC as the first-line treatment for mTNBC. Patients are randomized 1:1 to receive gemcitabine (1250 mg/m2, D1,8) plus cisplatin (75 mg/m2, D1) or gemcitabine (1000mg/m2, D1,8) plus carboplatin (area under the curve 2 mg × min/mL, D1,8) every 21 days until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. Eligibility Criteria: Patients with histologically confirmed triple negative metastatic breast cancer, with no prior chemotherapy in metastatic setting will be included in this trial. Eligible patients must be between 18 and 70 years of age with a performance status of 0–1, adequate organ function and at least one RECIST 1.1-measurable lesion. Specific Aims: The primary endpoint is PFS. Secondary endpoints include objective response rate, safety and overall survival. Statistical Methods: The sample size of the present study was determined based on the results of two phase III clinical trials: the median PFS for patients receiving GC and GP as the first-line treatment for mTNBC was 4.6 and 7.7 months, respectively. This design was hypothesized that GP would be superior to GC in terms of efficacy. Thus, in order to detect an improvement of median PFS from 4.6 months to 7.7 months, with 80% power and a 1-sided type I error of 0.05, 136 patients would be required. Considering a drop-out rate of 10%, a total of 150 patients planned to be enrolled. Present Accrual and Target Accrual: Target accrual: 150. Present accrual (2017/5/24): 83 Contact information: Contact: Xichun Hu, MD, PHD xchu2009@hotmail.com Biyun Wang, MD pro_wangbiyun@163.com ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02341911. Citation Format: Gong C, Cao E, Wang Z, Zhang J, Wang L, Cao J, Zhang S, Tao Z, Li T, Zhao Y, Li Y, Wang B, Hu X. A phase II randomized trial of gemcitabine plus cisplatin(GP) vs. gemcitabine plus carboplatin (GC) as the first-line treatment for patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-05-01.

In order to investigate the explosion process of calcium carbide (CaC2) dust in the acetylene (C2H2) atmosphere, the explosion characteristics of C2H2 gas and C2H2/CaC2 dust gas-solid two-phase mixture were studied using a 20-L spherical vessel, and the chemical composition of solid residues after explosion were also analyzed. Experimental results showed that the Pex values of C2H2 gas explosion rose first and then remained stable with the increasing stoichiometric ratio values (φ) of C2H2/air, while the (dP/dt)ex values tended to increase at early stage and then decrease, the inflection point of (dP/dt)ex values was φ = 1.78. The explosion severity and risk of C2H2 gas were enhanced by adding CaC2 dust, and the optimum additive concentration of CaC2 dust was 100 g/m3. In the oxygen atmosphere, the C2H2/CaC2 hybrid explosion was divided into two stages when the concentration of CaC2 dust was over 300 g/m3. The explosion risk of the first stage (Stage Ⅰ) was much more serious, while the explosion severity of the second stage (Stage Ⅱ) was much more fierce. The solid residues of hybrid explosion only contained CaO in the oxygen atmosphere, however, Ca(OH)2 and CaO were detected in the solid residues in the air atmosphere, owing to the combustion heat of C2H2 gas in oxygen was higher than that in air. The hydrolysis reaction time of CaC2 particle with large particle size was prolonged, and the diffusion of solid product layer and surface chemical reaction both influenced the hydrolysis process according to the shrinking core model. Based on the explosion and chemical analysis experiments, the explosion mechanism of C2H2/CaC2 dust gas-solid two-phase mixture was analyzed systematically.

The high expression of sonic hedgehog ligand (SHh) is closely correlated to the metastasis, drug resistance and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, sensitive, specific and efficient detection methods for SHh are needed for the early diagnosis and assessment of prognosis. Herein, an aptamer, AP32 that specifically binds to SHh (KD = 25.7 ± 4.1 nM) was obtained by SELEX technology with further optimization. In vivo experiments confirmed that AP32 has the potential to be an imaging probe for Huh-7 cell-derived xenograft. The interaction mode in 3-dimensional configuration between the aptamer and SHh was established by molecular simulation and confirmed by mutations at key sites of the aptamer. An aptasensor-based assay was successfully developed by conjugating Texas-Red-labeled AP32 to microbeads, and was used to analyze SHh content in hepatoma cell lysates, serum and HCC specimens. The method exhibited a broad detection range from 0.07 to 62.5 nM with a low detection limit of 69 pM, and a recovery rate of 104.6 ± 3.9% in serum. When the assay was used to measure SHh content in tissue lysates, the results demonstrated that it possessed 57.1% positivity, 100% specificity in distinguishing 28 HCC specimens from normal tissues, and was compensatory for detection of HCC in AFP-negative cases. Moreover, elevated SHh levels are indicative of portal vein invasion at 77.8% positive rate. This novel aptasensor-based SHh assay may offer a reliable means in predicting early metastasis and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

A series of phidianidine B derivatives were synthesized by introducing various heterocyclic rings. Their inhibitory effects on PTP1B and other PTPs (TCPTP, SHP1, SHP2 and LAR) were evaluated. A majority of them displayed significant inhibitory potency and specific selectivity over PTP1B. The SAR and molecular docking analysis were also described.

Background Blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). However, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the regulatory relationship between the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway, microRNA (miR)-181b and its target genes in sepsis in vivo and in vitro. Methods Four rat models (sham, sepsis, sepsis plus STAT3 inhibitor (Stattic), and sepsis plus miR-181b inhibitor [sepsis + anta-miR-181b]) were established. For the in vitro experiments, rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (rBMECs) and rat brain astrocytes (rAstrocytes) were cultured with 10% serum harvested from sham, sepsis, and sepsis + anta-miR-181b rats. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-QPCR) analysis was carried out to detect the binding and enrichment of the JAK/STAT3 signal core transcription complex in the miR-181b promoter region. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was conducted to test miR-181b and its target genes. The cell adhesion rate of rBMECs was also measured. Results During our investigations, the expression levels of miR-181b, p-JAK2, p-STAT3, and C/EBPβ were found to be significantly increased in the septic rats compared with the sham rats. STAT3 inhibitor halted BBB damage by downregulating the expression of miR-181b. In addition, miR-181b targeted sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) and neurocalcin delta (NCALD). The up-regulated miR-181b significantly decreased the cell adhesion rate of rBMECs. The administration of miR-181b inhibitor reduced damage to the BBB through increasing the expression of S1PR1 and NCALD, which again proved that miR-181b negatively regulates SIPR1 and NCALD to induce BBB damage. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway induced expression of miR-181b, which promoted BBB impairment in rats with sepsis by downregulating S1PR1 and decreasing BBB cell adhesion. These findings strongly suggest JAK2/STAT3/miR-181b axis as therapeutic target in protecting against sepsis-induced BBB damage.

Te-based compounds are promising dielectric candidates for Base-Metal Electrode Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors (BME-MLCCs) and Low-Temperature Co-fired Ceramics (LTCCs) applications due to their low sintering temperature and good dielectric properties. In spite of the possible compatibility with Cu electrodes for microelectronics, data on compounds of the CuO-TeO2 system are scarce. Recently, we have reported the phase formation process of Cu3TeO6 and the first dielectric data for Cu3TeO6 ceramics. Due to the interest for some applications in thick films, in this work Cu3TeO6 thick films were fabricated by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on platinized silicon substrates under different processing conditions. The relation between processing and film’s quality was established. ~ 50 μm Cu3TeO6 thick films sintered at 860 oC for 5 h exhibit a permittivity of ~2 and dielectric loss of 0.01 at room temperature and the temperature coefficient of the dielectric permittivity is 9.5×103 ppm°C-1 at 1 MHz from 40 °C to 120 °C. It is expected that this dielectric performance, when compared with the one of Cu3TeO6 ceramic counterparts, improves if the density of the films is increased.

Summary Background Platinum chemotherapy has a role in the treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer but its full potential has probably not yet been reached. We assessed whether a cisplatin plus gemcitabine regimen was non-inferior to or superior to paclitaxel plus gemcitabine as first-line therapy for patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Methods For this open-label, randomised, phase 3, hybrid-designed trial undertaken at 12 institutions or hospitals in China, we included Chinese patients aged 18–70 years with previously untreated, histologically confirmed metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, and an ECOG performance status of 0–1. These patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either cisplatin plus gemcitabine (cisplatin 75 mg/m 2 on day 1 and gemcitabine 1250 mg/m 2 on days 1 and 8) or paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (paclitaxel 175 mg/m 2 on day 1 and gemcitabine 1250 mg/m 2 on days 1 and 8) given intravenously every 3 weeks for a maximum of eight cycles. Randomisation was done centrally via an interactive web response system using block randomisation with a size of eight, with no stratification factors. Patients and investigator were aware of group assignments. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival and analyses were based on all patients who received at least one dose of assigned treatment. The margin used to establish non-inferiority was 1·2. If non-inferiority of cisplatin plus gemcitabine compared with paclitaxel plus gemcitabine was achieved, we would then test for superiority. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01287624. Findings From Jan 14, 2011, to Nov 14, 2013, 240 patients were assessed for eligibility and randomly assigned to treatment (120 in the cisplatin plus gemcitabine group and 120 in the paclitaxel plus gemcitabine group). 236 patients received at least one dose of assigned chemotherapy and were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis (118 per group). After a median follow-up of 16·3 months (IQR 14·4–26·8) in the cisplatin plus gemcitabine group and 15·9 months (10·7–25·4) in the paclitaxel plus gemcitabine group, the hazard ratio for progression-free survival was 0·692 (95% CI 0·523–0·915; p non-inferiority superiority =0·009, thus cisplatin plus gemcitabine was both non-inferior to and superior to paclitaxel plus gemcitabine. Median progression-free survival was 7·73 months (95% CI 6·16–9·30) in the cisplatin plus gemcitabine group and 6·47 months (5·76–7·18) in the paclitaxel plus gemcitabine group. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events that differed significantly between the two groups included nausea (eight [7%] vs one [ vs one [ vs ten [8%]), anaemia (39 [33%] vs six [5%]), and thrombocytopenia (38 [32%] vs three [3%]), for the cisplatin plus gemcitabine compared with the paclitaxel plus gemcitabine groups, respectively. In addition, patients in the cisplatin plus gemcitabine group had significantly fewer events of grade 1–4 alopecia (12 [10%] vs 42 [36%]) and peripheral neuropathy (27 [23%] vs 60 [51%]), but more grade 1–4 anorexia (33 [28%] vs 10 [8%]), constipation (29 [25%] vs 11 [9%]), hypomagnesaemia (27 [23%] vs five [4%]), and hypokalaemia (10 [8%] vs two [2%]). Serious drug-related adverse events were seen in three patients in the paclitaxel plus gemcitabine group (interstitial pneumonia, anaphylaxis, and severe neutropenia) and four in the cisplatin plus gemcitabine group (pathological bone fracture, thrombocytopenia with subcutaneous haemorrhage, severe anaemia, and cardiogenic syncope). There were no treatment-related deaths. Interpretation Cisplatin plus gemcitabine could be an alternative or even the preferred first-line chemotherapy strategy for patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Funding Shanghai Natural Science Foundation.

The need to reduce carbon emission in Heilongjiang Province of China is urgent challenge facing sustainable development. This paper aims to make explicit the problem-solving of carbon emission to find low carbon emission ways. According to domestic and foreign literatures on estimating and calculating carbon emissions and by integrating calculation methods of carbon emissions, it was not possible to consider all of the many contributions to carbon emissions. Calculation model of carbon emissions suitable to this paper is selected. The carbon emissions of energy consumption in mining industry are estimated and calculated from 2005 to 2012, and the characteristics of carbon emission are analyzed at the provincial level. It makes the point that carbon emissions of energy consumption in mining industry can be reduced when we attempt to alter energy consumption structure, adjust industrial structure and improve energy utilization efficiency.

Due to the climate and energy challenge, carbon reduction is expected to play an important role in environmental protection. In this research, we characterize the relationship between carbon emissions and petroleum energy consumption in Heilongjiang Province of China. This article calculates carbon emissions of petroleum energy consumption of Heilongjiang Province from 2005 to 2012. Moreover, it analyzes the gray correlation between the carbon emissions of petroleum energy consumption and its selected influence factors. Analysis of the results covered the influence petroleum energy consumption effect on the carbon emissions. Accordingly, we acquire GDP of Heilongjiang Province was driven mainly by petroleum energy consumption which was responsible for carbon emissions. In order to change this situation, utilizing clean energy, strengthening government management and advocating low carbon consumption in Heilongjiang Province are necessary in response to reducing carbon emissions.

There are variety of active substances in Fenton system, such as H2O2, HO2-, O2-·, ·OH and HO2·. In this paper, the oxidation of H2O2, HO2-, O2-·, ·OH and HO2· on NO gas was determined respectively with experimental methods. The results showed that direct oxidation of gaseous NO by H2O2, HO2- and O2-·was weak. ·OH and HO2· had strong oxidizing capacity on gaseous NO, especially ·OH. With the acceleration of ·OH and HO2· generation rate, the oxidizability of Fenton system on NO gas was stronger, but O2 generation rate also accelerated. Rapid decomposition of H2O2 is the premise to realize high NO oxidation efficiency using H2O2, but how to avoid the invalid decomposition of H2O2 is the key to increase use ratio of H2O2.

The micro-sized p(styrene-1,4-divinylbenzene)/polyacrylamide(p(St-DVB)/pAM) particles were prepared by a two-step method. P(St-DVB) cores were firstly obtained via concentrated emulsion polymerization, and then the cores were swelled sufficiently and reacted with acrylamide until p(St-DVB)/pAM particles were obtain. The morphologies and compositions of p(St-DVB)/pAM particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and infrared spectroscopy(IR) individually. It was proved that the micro-morphologies of p(St-DVB)/pAM particles were nearly spherical or even peanut shape. It was also found that the diameter distribution of p(St-DVB)/pAM particles became narrower with the increasing of DVB amounts, and the same trade was also observed on emulsifier amounts.

A large amount of CO contained in calcium carbide furnace off-gas can be recycled and used as an important raw material for C1 (one carbon) industrial chemical manufacturing. The key to the recovery is the removal of dust and gaseous impurities from the off-gas. For this purpose, an industrial device has been used for removing the dust. This consists of a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor with two kinds of adsorbents, prepared in our laboratory, for removing HCN and COS. The results show that the dust content after the dedusting process was less than 20 mg/m 3 . The dust particles are composed of microspheres, with an obvious tendency to agglomerate, and with an average diameter of about 6.71 μm. After adsorption, the outlet concentrations of both HCN and COS were less than 1 mg/m 3 . In order to remove HCN, activated carbon (AC) was used, impregnated with 0.15 mol/L Cu(CH 3 COO) 2 solution. The optimum calcination temperature was 350 °C. The AC, modified with Cu(CH 3 COO) 2 , was examined by means of N 2 -BET and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) before and after off-gas treatment. The results indicate that the chemisorption products were mainly present in the AC micropores and mesopores, with radius 0.81–1.51 nm. After dust removal and purification, the calcium carbide furnace off-gas is fit for use as a raw material in the C1 chemical manufacturing industry.

Background: Apatinib, one specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets the VEGF receptor 2 was assessed in patients with advanced breast cancer. This substudy was to explore potential predictive and prognostic factors for apatinib-treated breast cancer. Method: 80 patients were enrolled and received a starting dose of apatinib 750 or 500 mg/d in 4-week cycles. Efficacy was assessed according to RECIST 1.1 criteria, toxicity was graded based on the CTC adverse events version 4.0. The analyzed factors included patient-related factors, such as age; tumor-related factors, such as circulating biomarkers determined by multiplex cytokine assay and phosphorylated VEGFR2 by immunostaining; and treatment-related factors, such as adverse events. Cox Proportional Hazard model and Logistic test were performed as multivariate analysis to define the independent prognostic factors. Result: Median PFS was 3.84 months, OS 10.64 months, with 17.5% of objective response rate. Table 1. Efficacy summary No.PFS(months) 95% CIOS(months) 95% CIORR(%)CBR(%)Total803.84 (2.66, 5.03)10.64 (8.55, 12.73)17.537.5TNBC604.30 (2.83, 5.77)9.23 (5.69, 12.77)2041.67non-TNBC203.34 (2.05, 4.63)10.66 (10.38, 10.95)1025P value 0.2110.6700.4990.286 The most frequent adverse events were hypertension (66.3% for all grades, 17.5% for grade 3/4), hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR, 62.5% for all grades, 20% for grade 3/4), and proteinuria (61.3% for all grades, 7.5% for grade 3/4). According to univariate analysis, longer PFS was correlated with hypertension (p = 0.011), HFSR (p = 0.018), post-menopause (p = 0.021), less previous chemotherapy (p = 0.021), higher drug trough concentration (p = 0.025), and higher baseline serum sVEGFR2 (p = 0.031). Median PFS was 6.60 and 2.00 m in patients with higher and lower p-VEGFR2 expressions (p = 0.001). According to multivariate regression analysis, hypertension (p = 0.038; HR, 0.583, 95% CI 0.351 - 0.969) and p-VEGFR2 expression level (p = 0.013; HR, 0.404, 95% CI 0.198 - 0.826) were independent predictive factors of PFS. Table 2. Summary of univariate analysisFactorsHR (95% CI)Hypertension, with / without0.4856(0.2794 - 0.8442)Hand-foot skin reaction, with / without0.5337(0.3178-0.8963)Proteinuria, with / without0.7887(0.4896-1.270)Fatigue, with / without0.6540 (0.4113-1.040)Age ≥ 60y / < 60y0.5591(0.3101-1.008)Menstruation status, pre / post0.5321(0.3111- 0.9102)ECOG = 0 / ECOG = 10.8989(0.5688-1.421)TNBC / non-TNBC0.6904(0.3863-1.234)DFI ≥ 12m / < 12m0.7114(0.4436-1.141)Visceral metastasis, yes / no0.7999(0.4800-1.333)No. of metastasis site, ≥ 3 / < 31.276(0.7773-2.096)Lines of prior chemothyrapy, ≥ 2 / < 21.792(1.094-2.935)Tumor markers, elevated / normal1.437(0.8507-2.426)sVEGFR2, high / low0.4111(0.1829-0.9239)VEGFR2, high / low0.5112(0.2243-1.165)p-VEGFR2, high / low0.2544(0.1117-0.5796)Hazard ratios for each factor Conclusion: Apatinib showed substantial antitumor activity in patients with heavy-pretreated advanced breast cancer with manageable toxicity. Hypertension and p-VEGFR2 were independent predictive factors for PFS in apatinib-treated advanced breast cancer, and significantly correlated to higher CBR. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-08-26.

The outer surface temperature of cold insulation structure must be higher than air dew point temperature is stipulated in national standard.But the outer surface temperature of cold insulation structure and air dew point temperature normally wave in a certain range with the change of environmental parameters. In Practical application, it is difficult to determine the relationship between these two temperatures. Functional relationship between the outer temperature, air dew point temperature and environmental temperature or humidity is fitted.The influence of the air temperature and humidity is analyzed. Some suggestions about design and evaluation index of cold insulation are offered based on this research.

For utilization of CO contained in tail gases of coal chemical industry, adsorption purification of HCN in closed carbide furnace tail gas was investigated on an activated carbon was modified with KOH (AC1) and the other activated carbon was modified with NaOH and sulfonated cobalt phthalocyanine (AC2). The experiment results show that two kinds of modified activated carbons are proved to be effective adsorbents for HCN removal, but the HCN adsorption capacity for AC2 is 1.47 times that for AC1. For AC2 adsorbent, the purification efficiency increased with the increase of oxygen content and adsorption temperature. The results show that, 1.5% for optimum oxygen content and 90°C for optimum adsorption temperature. The specific surface and the pore structure properties of AC2 adsorbent before and after HCN adsorption were tested by N2 adsorption experiments. The N2 adsorption tests show that, the predominant adsorption of HCN occurs in the micropores in radius 7.4～16.6 Å. Deactivated AC2 adsorbent could be restored to the original activated state, even after several regenerations.

An efficient enantioselective synthesis of florfenicol is accomplished in 44.7% overall yield from commercially available p-(methylsulfonyl)benzaldehyde. Key features of this synthesis are the asymmetric aziridination reaction mediated by the Wulff’s catalyst in situ derived from (R)-VANOL and diastereoselectively ring-opening of (2S,3S)-fluoroaziridine 13.

Thermodynamic modeling of the yellow phosphorus production is carried out to understand the producing mechanism of the tail gas, to predict its most probable composition, and to realize its deep purification and multipurpose utilization. The model is based on the typical raw materials composition and the common industrial process parameters of the electric furnace method, using FactSage6.1 and its database package. The predicted relative productivity between yellow phosphorus and byproduct is consistent with the reported values. Furthermore, the main composition of the tail gas can be obtained if kinetic inhibition is taken into account. The thus calculated equilibrium amounts of CO, H2S, and HF and the total amount of As are in good agreement with the results measured in the field, whereas those of PH3, COS, and CS2 are higher. This method of modeling can be used in the gaseous pollution prediction of other industrial chemical processes occurring at high temperatures.

An efficient and highly enantioselective synthesis of florfenicol 1 was achieved with 37% overall yield starting from commercially available 4-methylthiobenzaldehyde. A key feature of the synthesis is the vanadium-catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation of allylic alcohol 5 with aq tert -butyl hydroperoxide to form (2 S ,3 S )-epoxide 6 .

R,3R)-3-{(1R)-1-(tert-Butyl(dimethyl)siloxy)ethyl}- 4-oxoazetidin-2-yl acetate was efficiently prepared from L-ascorbic acid. The key steps were the a highly diastereoselective (2 + 2) cy- cloaddition of diketene with an (S)-glyceraldehyde-derived ald- imine to give the ketone, stereoselective titanium tetrachloride mediated asymmetric reduction to give the corrsponding S-config- ured alcohol, and Mitsunobu inversion of the latter to give the de- sired R-configured alcohol.

Four non-pregnant multiparous lactating goats were used in a 4 × 4 latin square experiment in the present study. The four treatments were abomasal infusion of 0, 50, 100, and 150 g d −1 glucose. The results showed that graded glucose infusion increased milk yield ( P −1 glucose was infused. An infusion of glucose at 100 or 150 g d −1 failed to increase milk yield further and milk yield of the 100 g d −1 glucose infusion treatment was even significantly lower than that of the 50 g d −1 treatment ( P −1 treatments were lower than that of the control ( P −1 treatment was not depressed and was higher than that of the control ( P P P P P −1 treatment were higher than those of the control but had no difference among the other three treatments. Contents of those de novo synthesized fatty acids in milk fat remained unchanged or increased and those preformed fatty acids remained unchanged or decreased by graded glucose infusion. Glucose infusion decreased the total yields of C16 + C16:1 and > C16 fatty acids and had no influence on the yield of C4-C14:1 fatty acids ( P

For some years ceramic bearing balls based on silicon nitride have been routinely used in technical practice. An important property of bearing balls is their strength, but appropriate testing methods are still missing. In this paper four different methods for strength testing are applied to commercial bearing balls. Each of the tests needs a different type of specimen, their preparation needs a very different effort, and the stress state applied to the specimens is also very different. This causes pros and cons, which are discussed in detail. The conventional 4-point bending test characterises the material in the interior of the balls. The applied stress state is uniaxial. The machining of the bending bars out of the balls is time intensive and costly. The ball on three balls test also characterises interior of the balls. The stress state is biaxial. The machining of the disc shaped specimens out of the balls is less expensive than the production of bending bars, but the finish of the tensile loaded surface needs special care. The data of both types of tests can be converted into each other using Weibull theory. The specimens in the triple ball crush test are as-received bearing balls, which are squeezed together. This causes some kind of contact loading, as will also occur in service. Failure is caused by the creation and growth of contact cracks, followed by a collapse of the compressed and cracked material. A detailed analysis of test results is complicated. It can be speculated that the component’s behaviour is mainly influenced by the toughness of the material and that the flaws in the material or at the component’s surface are of less significance. In the newly developed notched ball test the highest stressed region is a part of the original surface of the balls. Machining of the notch is straightforward. The stress state is almost uniaxial. The strength depends on size of flaws in the surface region. Therefore the notched ball test is a relevant measure to characterize the quality of the bearing balls.

AIM To verify the applicability of a new theory for chemomic release kinetics of traditional Chinese medicines using the release characteristics of Yinqiaojiedu tablets. METHODS The methodological studies of the preparation of chemomic standard spectrum, linearity, precision and stability tests of the chemomes of Yinqiaojiedu tablets were processed by UV spectrophotometry and Kalman filter methods. The chemomic release profiles of Yinqiaojiedu tablets and powders were determined. RESULT The methodology studies indicated that there was a good linearity of chemomic concentration of Yinqiaojiedu tablets within the range 0.112 to 1.120 mg total herbs / mL ( r = 0.999 7). The values of RSD tested at three chemomic levels were 0.05 %, 0.07 % and 0.31 % respectively. The chemomic solutions were stable for 24 h at concentrations of 0.278, 0.556, and 1.120 mg total herb / mL. CONCLUSION The chemomic release profiles demonstrated multi-component release kinetics illustrated using a simple visualization approach. The new theory of chemomic release kinetics may advantageously provide a quantitative description for the release of the active agents from traditional Chinese medicines from a conventional dosage form or drug delivery system.

To reveal SUMOylation and the roles of Sentrin-specific proteases (SENP)s in microglial cells under Intermittent hypoxia (IH) condition would provide more intensive view of understanding the mechanisms of IH-induced central nervous system (CNS) damage. Hence, in the present study, we detected the expression levels of SENPs in microglial cells under IH and normoxia conditions via RT-PCR assay. We found that SENP1 was significantly down-regulated in cells exposure to IH. Subsequently, the effect of IH for the activation of microglia and the potential roles of SENP1 in the SENP1-overexpressing cell lines were investigated via Western blotting, RT-PCR and Griess assay. The present study demonstrated the apoptosis-inducing and activating role of IH on microglia. In addition, we revealed that the effect of IH on BV-2 including apoptosis, nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) induction can be attenuated by SENP1 overexpression. The results of the present study are of both theoretical and therapeutic significance to explore the potential roles of SENP1 under IH condition and elucidated the mechanisms underlying microglial survival and activation.

The cation-exchange and Lewis-base interactions of a n-octadecylphosphonic acid-modified magnesia–zirconia (C 18PZM) stationary phase have been studied in greater detail than previous studies, which are characterized by the chromatography of some basic drugs of high pKa and some hard Lewis base analytes, respectively. The effect of mobile phase constituents such as pH, type of buffer and buffer concentration on the surface chemistry properties on C18PZM are elucidated. The results show that at an intermediate pH, the cation-exchange sites are due to both the chemisorbed phosphonate and the adsorbed buffer anion, i.e. acetate, at the hard Lewis acid sites on the C 18PZM phase; at high pH, the cation-exchange interactions mainly result from the chemisorbed phosphonate rather than the inherent zirconol groups. The chromatography of the hard Lewis base analytes indicates that a strong Lewis acid–base interaction still exists on C 18PZM even in the presence of Lewis base buffer (such as acetate or phosphate) in the mobile phase or a high-pH eluents is used. Moreover, the chemisorbed n-octadecylphosphonic acid (C18P) is found to slowly bleed out of the C18PZM column when exposed to a phosphate buffer. As expected, the resulting mobile-phase phosphate modified C 18PZM column (p-C18PZM) exhibits significantly stronger cation-exchange interactions towards the test basic solutes than the “original” C18PZM column. And the p-C18PZM column demonstrates a tremendous improvement on the chromatography of the Lewis base analytes over the “original” C18PZM column. An approach designed to overcome the Lewis acid sites problem by attaching methylphosphonic acid (MPA) onto the C18PZM column, however, is not successful in improving the chromatography of the troublesome Lewis base solutes. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A new kind of host compound, 2,5-bis(diphenylmethyl)hydroquinone is designed and prepared. The crystal structure of the inclusion compound formed by the host with benzaldehyde was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The result shows that the host exhibits a stable conformation through intramolecular CH⋯π interactions in the inclusion crystal, and benzaldehyde guest molecules are accommodated in the channel which is constructed by the hosts, in which intermolecular C–H⋯π interactions between the hosts, play an important role in the architecture of channel framework besides van der Waal's forces. The complex structure is further stabilized by strong hydrogen bonding (O1–H1⋯O1′) and two weak C–H⋯O interactions (C5′–H5′⋯O1, C3–H3⋯O1′) between the host and guest.

A configuration of in-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to HPLC was constructed by using a pump and a six-port valve combined with a PEEK tube as the pre-extraction segment. The extraction capillary was fixed directly on the HPLC six-port valve to substitute for the sample loop. The whole system could be handled easily to perform accurate on-line extraction, and the possible inaccurate quantification caused by sample/mobile phase mixing when using an autosampler could be eliminated. A beta-cyclodextrin coated capillary, prepared by sol-gel method, was used as the extraction capillary for in-tube SPME. Three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ketoprofen, fenbufen and ibuprofen, were employed to evaluate the extraction performance of the capillary. After optimizing the extraction conditions, satisfactory extraction efficiency was obtained and detection limits for ketoprofen, fenbufen and ibuprofen in diluted urine samples were 38, 18 and 28ng/mL, respectively. The extraction reproducibility was evaluated with intra-day and inter-day precision, and the R.S.D.s obtained were lower than 4.9 and 6.9%, respectively. The capillary was proved to be reusable and the extraction efficiency did not decrease after 250 extractions.

Purpose Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) remains an incurable disease despite major therapeutic advances. Pseudomonas aeruginosa–mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (PA-MSHA) has been established to have anti-proliferative effects against breast cancer cells in preclinical experiments, and is indicated for treatment of cancer in China. We performed a phase II trial combining PA-MSHA with capecitabine in patients with heavily pretreated MBC. Methods Eligibility criteria included human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative MBC, prior therapy with anthracyclines and taxanes, at least one prior chemotherapy regimen for metastatic disease or early relapse after a taxane plus anthracycline adjuvant regimen, and adequate organ function and performance status. PA-MSHA 1 mg was administered subcutaneously every other day and capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 orally twice a day for 2 weeks on, 1 week off. The primary end point was progression-free survival. Results A total of 97 patients were enrolled. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.0 months [95 % confidence interval (CI) 3.0–4.9], which was not significantly different from that in historical controls. However, median PFS was significantly longer (8.2 months; 95 % CI 6.7–9.7) in 24 patients with moderate immune-related adverse events (irAEs) such as fever or skin induration at the injection site than in those with no or mild irAEs (3.1 months, 95 % CI 2.5–3.6; p = 0.003). Overall survival was also improved in these patients (25.4 vs. 16.4 months; p = 0.044). PA-MSHA has a good safety profile, with only 6 patients (6.2 %) discontinuing treatment. PA-MSHA did not increase capecitabine-related toxicities such as hand-foot syndrome, nausea, and vomiting. Conclusion Adding PA-MSHA to capecitabine has a good safety profile in patients with heavily pre-treated MBC, although benefit from this regimen might occur only in patients with moderate PA-MSHA–related adverse events. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01380808

To evaluate the effects of chelated Zn/Cu/Mn on redox status, immune responses and hoof health in lactating Holstein cows, 48 head in early lactation were divided into healthy or lame groups according to their gait score. Cows were fed the same amount of Zn/Cu/Mn as sulfate salts or in chelated forms for 180 days, and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine was injected at day 90. The results showed that lame cows had lower antioxidant function, serum Zn/Mn levels, hair Cu levels, and hoof hardness. Moreover, increased antioxidant status, FMD antibody titers, serum and hair levels of Zn/Cu/Mn, and hoof hardness and decreased milk fat percent and arthritis biomarkers were observed in cows fed chelated Zn/Cu/Mn. In summary, supplementation with chelated Zn/Cu/Mn improved antioxidant status and immune responses, reduced arthritis biomarkers, and increased accumulation of Zn/Cu/Mn in the body and hoof hardness in dairy cows.

The high-performance liquid chromatographic behavior of some nucleosides and bases was studied on a new p-tert-butyl-calix[6]arene-bonded silica gel stationary phase. The effect of mobile phase variables, such as ionic strength, methanol content, and pH on their chromatographic behavior was investigated. Some nucleosides and bases were successfully separated on the new stationary phase. Their retention behavior was compared with that on both Zorbax C18 phase and-(ethylenediamino)propyltriethoxylsilane-bonded silica gel. The results indicate that the new stationary phase behaves as a reversed-phase packing, but its hydrophobicity is much weaker than that of Zorbax C18 phase. The retention mechanism on the new stationary phase was also discussed.

The adsorption of water-soluble dye reactive brilliant blue KN-R onto the functionalized resin NKY has been dynamically and thermodynamically investigated. The adsorption rate constant is obtained from the first-order expression log( Q e − Q )=log Q e − k ad t /2.303. The adsorption is complex since the equilibrium data are well described by the Langmuir equation, the Freundlich equation, and the three-parameter equation. The first layer adsorption of KN-R onto NKY is physical, enhanced by a chemical effect, but multilayer adsorption is typically physical adsorption at normal temperature. The adsorption process is endothermic. The obtained standard free energy change and the inferred standard entropy change show that the adsorption of the dye onto NKY can occur spontaneously. Moreover, the effect of pH and temperature on the adsorption has been explored. The apparent activation energy E a of the adsorption process has been calculated as well.

In this article, we have focused on the application of non-traditional separation approach, the host-guest inclusion method, into the separation of the active component patchouli alcohol from the essential oil of Cablin potchouli Herb. The host molecule 1,1,6,6-tetraphenylhexa-2,4-diyne-1,6-diol (A) was used to selectively recognise the guest molecule patchouli alcohol (B) in the essential oil of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth through two strong hydrogen bonding. The inclusion compound was structurally determined by the single crystal X-ray diffraction. The separation effect was examined by gas chromatography for the whole essential oil and the inclusion compound, showing that the inclusion crystalline method is simple, rapid and effective for the separation of patchouli alcohol from the essential oil of C. potchouli Herb.

A series of 3-substituted-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone 6a – g and 7a – g were synthesized from phthalic anhydride. The compound 6a – g was resolved. The antiplatelet activities of these compounds were evaluated using in vitro experiment of platelet aggregation. The levels of antiplatelet activity were displayed as following sequence: l-isomer > dl-isomer > d-isomer, respectively. The alkylphthalide is more active than the corresponding alkenephthalide. All these compounds were less active than n -butylphthalide (NBP, 6c ) and Aspirin (Asp).

In this paper, reactive brilliant X-3B was used as a model compound to study the photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 . Experimental results showed that the adulteration of iron and silver on TiO 2 could greatly improve the activity of TiO 2 , and the optimum adulteration amount of iron and silver was 0.1 wt.% (Fe/TiO 2 ) and 0.05 wt.% (Ag/TiO 2 ), respectively, at the adulteration range of experiments. The photocatalytic degradation kinetics of X-3B on TiO 2 , Fe/TiO 2 and Ag/TiO 2 were also studied. The results showed that the degradation of X-3B on all of them were in accordance with the Langmiur–Hinshelwood kinetics model well, and the sequence of apparent reaction rate constants k of X-3B degradation catalyzed by TiO 2 , Fe/TiO 2 and Ag/TiO 2 was Ag/TiO 2 > Fe/TiO 2 > TiO 2 , while adsorption equilibrium constants K A of X-3B on Fe/TiO 2 and Ag/TiO 2 were approximately the same, and both were greater than that of TiO 2 .

Adsorption behavior of five kinds of water-soluble dyes onto functionalized resin NKY has been dynamically and thermodynamically investigated. The results showed that the adsorption rates of dye K-GN, K-2BP, KN-R, AAB and 2G are all controlled by liquid film diffusion and particle diffusion. Equilibrium adsorption data can be well described by three-parameter equation. The first layer adsorption is the physical enhanced by chemical effect but multilayer adsorption is typically physical adsorption. Standard free energy change Δ G 0 and standard entropy change Δ S 0 indicate the adsorption of the dyes onto NKY can occur spontaneously.

To investigate the expression of microRNA-155 (miRNA-155) in the livers of mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis and to determine the role of dexamethasone (DXM) in the regulation of miRNA-155 expression, we pretreated mice with or without DXM prior to LPS exposure. Our study demonstrated that the expression of miRNA-155 and inflammatory factors increased in the liver tissues of mice with LPS-induced sepsis and that DXM down-regulated their expression in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, DXM alone inhibited the expression of miRNA-155 to below the baseline level, but did not impact the expression of inflammatory factors, suggesting that the down-regulation of miRNA-155 by DXM may partially, but not completely, depend on the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by DXM. Our data indicate that the overexpression of miRNA-155 in the livers of mice with LPS-induced sepsis may play an important role in the pathological processes of sepsis and that the down-regulation of miRNA-155 by DXM may be a novel mechanism regulating inflammation and immunity.

CD14 mediates the inflammatory response via recognition of lipopolysaccharide, which has been implicated in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections. Increasing evidence has suggested that CD14 status significantly influences the clinical outcome of H. pylori infection, which can result in gastric carcinoma. However, there is little evidence regarding the cellular impact and associated molecular basis of CD14 on gastric carcinoma cells. To address this question, we generated a CD14-overexpressing SGC-7901 gastric carcinoma cell line and analyzed the impact of CD14 expression. Our results revealed that cells overexpressing CD14 exhibited antitumor potential, including significantly decreased clonogenic ability, proliferation, metastatic invasion, as well as enhanced apoptosis, suggesting a tumor-suppressive role of CD14 in the cells. Intriguingly, we further discovered that CD14 overexpression activated NF-κB via upregulating its expression and simultaneously stimulating DNA binding activity. Upregulated NF-κB transcriptionally elevated a series of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12. Together, the current study utilized a CD14-overexpressing gastric cell model to determine the impacts of CD14 upregulation on cell viability, apoptosis, and migration and NF-κB-mediated inflammation.