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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secrete cytokines in a paracrine or autocrine manner to regulate immune response and tissue regeneration. Our previous research revealed that MSCs use the complex of Fas/Fas-associated phosphatase-1 (Fap-1)/caveolin-1 (Cav-1) mediated exocytotic process to regulate cytokine and small extracellular vesicles (EVs) secretion, which contributes to accelerated wound healing. However, the detailed underlying mechanism of cytokine secretion controlled by Cav-1 remains to be explored. We show that Gingiva-derived MSCs (GMSCs) could secrete more C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) but showed lower phospho-Cav-1 (p-Cav-1) expression than skin-derived MSCs (SMSCs). Moreover, dephosphorylation of Cav-1 by a Src kinase inhibitor PP2 significantly enhances CXCL10 secretion, while activating phosphorylation of Cav-1 by H2O2 restraints CXCL10 secretion in GMSCs. We also found that Fas and Fap-1 contribute to the dephosphorylation of Cav-1 to elevate CXCL10 secretion. Tumor necrosis factor-α serves as an activator to up-regulate Fas, Fap-1, and down-regulate p-Cav-1 expression to promote CXCL10 release. Furthermore, local applying p-Cav-1 inhibitor PP2 could accelerate wound healing, reduce the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and increase cleaved-caspase 3 expression. These results indicated that dephosphorylation of Cav-1 could inhibit fibrosis during wound healing. The present study establishes a previously unknown role of p-Cav-1 in controlling cytokine release of MSC and may present a potential therapeutic approach for promoting scarless wound healing.

The solubility of marbofloxacin in 12 pure solvents (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, tert-amyl alcohol, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, acetone, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, and 1,...

This study is aimed at using spray drying method to codisperse it with the commonly used drug carrier lactose in different solvents and then pass it through a spray dryer to obtain different samples. The results showed that the dissolution rate and solubility of the samples obtained by dispersion in hot water and 25% ethanol were significantly higher. The water of crystallization peaks of the raw material disappeared at 105-125°C and 130-150°C (DSC). The excipient lactose had a small upward exothermic peak at 177°C and a significant heat absorption peak at 209°C before untreated (XRD). α-Lactose peaks were observed at 12.5°, 19.1°, 19.6°, and 19.9° at 2θ in both samples, and β-lactose peaks were found at 10.5° at 2θ in sample A, but not in sample B (FTIR). The complex sharp peaks of lactose at 1100 cm-1 and quercetin at 1700-1000 cm-1 became moderated (SEM). The sample obtained by spray drying has a slit-type mesoporous structure with an average pore size of about 9.3 nm.

Copper(II) is one of the essential metal elements in human body, which can accumulate in many organs and finally excrete in urine. Excessive load of Cu2+ can cause liver cirrhosis, kidney dysfunction, and many neurological symptoms in the case of Wilson’s disease (WD). Therefore, the selective and efficient detection of Cu2+ is of great importance. Although various fluorescent probes have been reported for the detection of Cu2+, an efficient and capable probe is still rare for patients’ self-use on a routine basis. In this study, we developed an easy-to-use probe CY1 based on UV–vis–near-infrared absorption changes with excellent sensitivity and selectivity for Cu2+. The mechanism of oxidation of CY1 by Cu2+ was first explored. We demonstrated the role of the probe in the quantitative detection of Cu2+ in urine from WD patients and showed that it has great potential for clinical applications.

Carbonate reservoirs show poor porosity and permeability in matrix, it is necessary to improve the permeability channel through reservoir reconstruction. The influence of different fracturing parameters on fracture propagation of carbonate rock is studied, which is of great significance to hydraulic fracturing design of carbonate rock. In this paper, a series of hydraulic fracturing experiments were performed under different conditions, the fracturing pump pressure curve, radial deformation characteristics and fracture morphology were studied and analyzed. The results show that: (1) The rock-acid reaction between gelled acid and carbonate rock produces etching wormholes, changes the pore structure and weakens the mechanical parameters of carbonate rocks, which is conducive to reducing fracturing pressure and increasing fracture complexity; (2) The types of fracturing fluids and the viscosity significantly affect fracturing rupture pressure and the width of the fracture. Under the same in-situ stress and flow rate conditions, the fracturing rupture pressure of slick water is the lowest and that of guar gum is the highest; (3) Composite fracturing can improve the complexity of fractures in carbonate reservoir, for carbonate rocks with fracture developed near wellbore, complex fracturing fractures can be made by slick water fracturing, and main fracturing surfaces can be eroded by gelled acid to improve the width and increase the roughness. (4) To solve the problem of high fracturing pressure under high in-situ stress, gelled acid can be used for pretreatment to reduce fracturing pressure, and then non-reactive fluid, slick water or guar gum can be used for fracturing. Our research findings provide a reliable basis for deep fractured carbonate reservoir reconstruction.

A novel three dimensional MnO2 modified biochar-based porous hydrogel (MBCG) was fabricated to overcome the low sorption capacity and difficulty in solid-liquid separation of biochar (BC) for Cd(II) and Pb(II) removal. BC was initially modified by a rapid redox reaction between KMnO4 and Mn(II) acetate, and then incorporated into a polyacrylamide gel network via a rapid and facile free-radical polymerization. A foaming method was deliberately introduced during the fabrication to establish interpenetrated porous structure inside the network. Various characterizations were employed to examine the morphology, porous structures, chemical compositions, and mechanical properties of the samples. Adsorption performance of MBCG on Cd(II) and Pb(II) (isotherms and kinetics) as well as its desorption and reusability were also investigated. The results indicated that MnO2 modified biochars (MBC) were successfully introduced and homogeneously distributed in the porous bulk hydrogel, endowing MBCG with more uniform pore structure, excellent thermostability, remarkable mechanic strength, and superior adsorption performance. The maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity on Cd(II) and Pb(II) is 84.76 and 70.90 mg g−1, respectively, which is comparable or even larger than that of MBC. More importantly, MBCG can be rapidly separated and easily regenerated with an excellent reusability, which could retain 92.1% and 80.5% of the initial adsorption capacities of Cd(II) and Pb(II) after five cycles. These new insights make MBCG an ideal candidate in practical applications in water treatment and soil remediation contaminated with various heavy metals.

A novel strategy to fabricate ferric sponge-like bulk adsorbent (FSP-f) for effective phosphate adsorption and recovery was proposed by anchoring β-FeOOH into the polyacrylamide gel network via a rapid and facile free-radical polymerization. Additionally, a foaming method was employed during the fabrication to establish interpenetrated porous structure inside the bulk material. The resultant FSP-f was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to understand the kinetics and isotherm as well as the influences of solution pH and coexisting anions on the removal of phosphate. Also, the regeneration and reusability experiments were performed. Results showed that FSP-f possessed abundant hierarchical open-pore structures and numerous β-FeOOH were randomly dispersed inside the pores. The porous morphology allowed the active sites to be fully exposed, thus making FSP-f perform the approximate adsorption capacity as PF (Powder form of FSP-f). The optimal solution pH for phosphate adsorption on FSP-f was determined at the weak acidic region and the mechanism of ion exchange, electrostatic interactions, and Lewis acid-base interactions dominated at different pH values. The co-existing ions effects on phosphate adsorption followed the order as HCO3− > SO42− > Cl− > NO3− and FSP-f could still display preferable selectivity in the presence of competing anions at high concentration levels. Three cycles of adsorption-desorption experiments showed that FSP-f exhibited a satisfactory degree of reusability using 0.01 M NaOH as eluant. The results suggest that FSP-f has a great potential for practical application in the removal of phosphate from contaminated aquatic systems.

Acetylene in transformer oil is an important feature gas which reflects early discharge faults. Tunable fiber laser-based second harmonic photoacoustic spectroscopy techniques, with their fast response and good noise immunity, can be well applied to detect trace gases. In this work, acetylene gas measurement with a tunable laser photoacoustic spectrometer was demonstrated at the 1530.37 nm transition line and a detectable limit of about 1.12 ppb (Vol/Vol,SNR = 1) was achieved. After the interference in background gas was further removed with the proposed BSS model based on overcomplete ICA basis and five-point sampling method based on the created weight-truncation equation, a method detection limit about 0.71 ppb was obtained. The experiment for detecting acetylene in transformer oil gases shows that the discharge acetylene productivity can achieve 308.859 ppb/s with a dynamic response time of less than 10 seconds, relative error is about 1.79 %, and relevance coefficient is up to approximate 0.99946. At ...

In this study, a principle of a second harmonic detection for tracking gas trace component is discussed, and the resultant demodulation and distortion recovery methods are expounded accordingly. A line- tunable gas photoacoustic spectroscopy signal can be regarded as the weighted sum of feature absorptions using an analysis of characteristics, and a sample from gas photoacoustic spectroscopy signal based on second harmonic detection is selected to make an analysis accuracy improvement using independent component analysis. The relevant tests showed that the technique had advantages. The demodulation technique loses the least information over the analysis of linear approximation or combination, and it can be used to analyze any gas phase sample whose signal profile has a “sharp” peak.

A mixing gas photoacoustic signal is regarded as a weighted sum of feature absorptions by the spacing between adjacent feature wavelengths. A promising technique, employing feature extraction based on blind source separation, is used to demonstrate the extraction of features with hidden within the sampled data and the inverse of content for the detected gas. This photoacoustic signal measurement based on second harmonic has been established to detect multi-spectrum signal in samples from breath ammonia detection in high concentration of CO2 and H2O at atmospheric pressure. The simulation results of data from a real-time experimental with probed by a second harmonic show an improved detection limit of NH3 in simulated breath samples from the 16 ppb to 10 ppb under a higher analysis accuracy and signal to noise ratio. The procedure can process any detectable gas sample with a “transient shape” feature absorption.

Influence of CaO on thermal decomposition of REFCO 3 was studied. The results showed that CaO did not affect significantly the decomposition ratio of REFCO 3 . The XRD experiment showed that there was a great deal of CaF 2 in the roasting production, the gas chromatographic analysis on the gas of REFCO 3 decomposed, and the 70% content of fluorine in the gas of REFCO 3 added 15% CaO was reduced. CaO could absorb the fluorine from the decomposition of REFCO 3 , and the environmental pollution of the fluorine was greatly alleviated.

Breath analysis is at best in screening, in very specific applications (where there are no other good tests), in therapeutic monitoring (therefore following only relative changes), monitoring exogenous gases (bacterial emissions or poisons), in tests where certain gases are metabolised (inside the body) on purpose by using some precursor molecule or in any real-time tests. Real-time monitoring of exhaled gases (therapeutic monitoring, toxicology, occupational health). A new detection method for ammonia in high concentration of CO2 and H2O is reported, which uses a wavelength modulated photo acoustic spectrometer based on a near-infrared tunable erbium-doped fiber laser in combination with an optical fiber amplifier. The problem of ammonia detection in high concentration of CO2 and H2O is resolved at atmospheric pressure. Together with a special algorithm processing, the minimum detection limit is improved from 16 ppb (signal to noise ratio = 1) to 2 ppb((signal to noise ratio = 1/886) in simulated breath samples (5.3% CO2 and 6.2% H2O (100% relative humidity at 37°C)).