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Poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP))/Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP)/P(VDF-HFP) sandwiched hybrid solid electrolytes were precisely tailored and successfully fabricated to assemble into all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries, which were systematically evaluated on microstructure, morphology, thermal stability and electrochemical performance. The sandwiched hybrid solid electrolytes can achieve intimate contact with cathode and anode electrodes to present an excellent interfacial stability. Furthermore, the sandwiched hybrid solid electrolytes possess flexible surface, wide electrochemical working window of 4.7 V, high ionic conductivity of 0.763 mS·cm−1 and high thermal stability of 460 °C, which may contribute to realizing the practical application in all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries. The assembled cells with the hybrid solid electrolytes can quickly stabilize at a specific discharge capacity of 145.4 mAh·g−1 at 0.1C after only 5 cycles and present admirable rate performance. In addition, morphology characterizations of the sandwiched hybrid solid electrolytes after long-term cycles show a relatively integrated structure coating with a compact LATP layer. The investigations afford a promising strategy that the sandwiched hybrid solid electrolytes can overcome the mechanical limitations of the interface between electrodes and inorganic solid electrolytes to provide favorable properties for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries.

The tribology behaviors of diamond and silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) nanoparticles were examined via molecular dynamics simulations; four cases were simulated. At low velocity and low load, the nanoparticles separated the two blocks from each other and acted as ball-bearings. The plastic deformation, temperature distribution, and friction force were all improved due to the action of the nanoparticles. However, the crushing of the SiO 2 nanoparticles was accompanied by deformation-induced loss of the rolling effect, when the load was increased. Without nanoparticles, a transfer layer formed at high velocity and low load. The two nanoparticles provided support for a certain duration. However, at high velocity and high load, the support effect of these nanoparticles was lost in a short sliding time.

Conservation management practices, such as no-tillage (NT) or crop residue mulch, alter soil organic carbon (C) lability, thus affecting soil quality. However, inconsistent effects of conservation management practices on soil labile organic C have been commonly reported. We hypothesized, however, that conservation management practices can improve soil labile organic C fractions and then C management index (CMI) and soil quality. Thus, our objective was to quantify labile organic C contents on a clay loam soil (Anthrosols, World Reference Base for Soil Resources) 3 years after implementing four tillage/crop residue management treatments under a rice Liangyoupeijiu (Oryza sativa L.)–rape Huayouzaliuhao (Brassica napus) rotation in Wuxue City of central China. The experiment included four treatments: (1) single conventional tillage (CT) without crop residue (rape with NT–rice with CT); (2) double CT without crop residue (rape with CT–rice with CT); (3) double NT without crop residue (rape with NT–rice with NT); and (4) double NT plus crop residue (rape with NT + rice residue mulch–rice with NT + rape residue mulch). Five soil organic C fractions were determined from 0 to 30 cm layer in October 2009 (3 years after a rape–rice double crop rotation). Total organic C, microbial biomass C, dissolved organic C, particulate organic C, easily oxidizable C, and water stable aggregation were measured. A CMI was also calculated. The concentrations of total organic C, microbial organic C, dissolved organic C, and particulate organic C under the double NT plus crop residue treatment were 1.07–1.17, 1.20–1.26, 1.08–1.30 and 1.17–1.76 times higher than those under the other three treatments. The total organic C and labile organic C contents under the double NT with or without crop residue treatment were generally higher at 0–5 cm than at greater sampling depths. The proportions of 0.5–2 mm water-stable aggregates at the 0–5 cm depth under the double NT with or without crop residue treatment were significantly greater (P

Simulation of microscale thermo-fluidic transport has attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to rapid advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology. The three-dimensional molecular dynamics simulations are performed for coupling between flow and heat transfer in a nanochannel. Effects of interface wettability, shear rate and wall temperature are discussed. It is found that there exist the relatively immobile solid-like layers adjacent to each solid wall with higher number density. Both slip length and Kapitza length at the solid-liquid interface increase linearly with the increasing wall temperature. The Kapitza length decreases monotonously with the increasing shear rates. The slip length is found to be overestimated by 5.10% to 10.27%, while Kapitza length is overestimated by 8.92% to 19.09% for the solid-solid interaction modeled by the Lennard-Jones potential.

The local structural distortion and its effect on the magnetic and magnetotransport properties of the Fedoped La1–xBaxMnO3 (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.35) compounds were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and magnetization measurements. The Mossbauer spectra show clear evidence of the local structural distortion of the Mn(Fe)O6 octahedron on the basis of non-zero nuclear quadrupole interactions for high-spin Fe 3+ ions. It was found that the local structural distortion decreases significantly with the introduction of a few per cent of Ba, reaches a minimum around x = 0.13, and then increases slightly on further increasing the Ba concentration. The Ba-concentration dependence of the Jahn – Teller coupling strength estimated from the Mossbauer results was found to be consistent with the magnetic properties. Consequently, the connection between this local structural distortion and the colossal magnetoresistive behavior of this family of materials can be well explained.

The effects of Ga and Ti substitutions for Sn on the Mn spin arrangements in the YMn6Sn6 compound have been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), magnetization measurement and Mossbauer spectroscopy. XRD refinement indicates that Ga and Ti atoms prefer to occupy 2d and 2e sites, respectively. Mossbauer spectra indicate incommensurate magnetic structures for the YMn6Sn6, YMn6Sn5.4Ga0.6 and YMn6Sn5.4Ti0.6 compounds. The substitution of Ga for Sn at the 2d sites is found to significantly decrease the turn angle in the Mn–Sn3–Sn2–Sn3–Mn layer and to subsequently increase the net magnetization. On the other hand, the substitution of Ti for Sn at 2e sites increases the turn angles in the Mn–(Y,Sn1)–Mn and Mn–Sn3–Sn2–Sn3–Mn layers, and consequently decreases the exchange coupling of Mn–Mn between different layers. The resulting ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic behavior, as has been observed for YMn6Sn5.4Ga0.6 and YMn6Sn5.4Ti0.6, respectively, can be explained in terms of these spin interactions.

2n2xSr1+2xMn1.88Fe0.12O7 (x = 0.30, 0.40, and 0.55) compounds were employed to estimate the energy splitting of the Mn 3+ ion eg orbital. A large splitting energy ES, about 1.0 eV, was found for each sample. This suggests that there is a strong electron localization effect in these Fe-doped bilayer manganites. The transport behaviour can be explained on the basis of the effect of ES on the hopping possibility of Mn 3+ eg electrons.

A series of green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes based on bipolar-transporting material 4,4'-bis-(carbazol-9-yl) biphenyl (CBP) are prepared. We insert a mixed host emitting interlayer (CBPx: electron-transporting material 1,3,5-tris (N-phenylbenzimidazole-2yl) (TPBi)1–x) in the middle of the emitting layer, and the best performance appears when x is 2/3. The position of this interlayer can also affect the performance of phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes. When this interlayer is close to the side of the electron transporting layer, the maximum value of luminance, the current efficiency and the power efficiency are 34090 cd/m2 at 12 V, 60.6 cd/A and 56.6 lm/W, respectively.

The magnetic properties of the layered manganites ${\mathrm{La}}_{3\ensuremath{-}3x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{1+3x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{10}$ with $x=1.00$, 0.99, and 0.95 have been studied by dc and ac magnetization as well as specific heat measurements. For $x=1.00$, the magnetization shows a broad peak centered around $160\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, which is due to a short-range low-dimensional antiferromagnetic ordering. Below ${T}_{N}=67\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ where the anomaly of magnetic specific heat is observed, the system possibly develops into a long-range three-dimensional antiferromagnetic ordering. The anisotropic magnetic interactions between Mn ions are responsible for the temperature-dependent spin ordering. For $x=0.99$ and 0.95, the slight doping of La leads to significant changes in magnetic properties. The zero-field cooled and field cooled magnetization, ac susceptibility, as well as isothermal $M\text{\ensuremath{-}}H$ curves suggest that La doping induces ferromagnetic clusters in the antiferromagnetic matrix. The shift of the specific heat peak indicates that the antiferromagnetic coupling in the matrix is weakened due to La doping.

We report a study of the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the magnetocaloric effect in a La0.69Ca0.31MnO3 single crystal. The single crystal exhibits a much larger magnetic entropy change (ΔSm) than the corresponding polycrystalline samples, reaching 5.2J∕kgK and 8.5J∕kgK for a magnetic field variation of 1T and 5T, respectively. Under hydrostatic pressure, the peak position of ΔSm significantly moves to higher temperatures due to the shift of the magnetic phase transition, from 213.5K under ambient pressure up to 236.5K under a pressure of 1.1GPa, while the maximum value of ΔSm remains nearly the same. These exceptional results demonstrate that the magnetocaloric effect in magnetic materials with strong spin-lattice coupling can be effectively tuned by pressure.