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In this research we have considered (CH₃NH₃PbX₃) (X=I,Cl,Br) as an absorber layer and Cu2O/spiro-OMeTAD/ P3hT/PEDOT:PSS as (HTM) along with PCBM/TiO₂ as (ETM). It is a solid-state planar heterojunction p-i-n solar cell with low p-type-doped, CH₃NH₃PbX₃ sandwiched between the p-type is called HTM layer and n-type. SCAPS-1D simulation software is used for numerical simulation to examine the influence of various electrical factors on the efficiency PCBM/CH₃NH₃PbCl3/P3hT,PCBM /CH₃NH₃PbI₃/P3hT,PCBM/MAPbCl₃/Cu2O,TiO2/MAPbCl₃/Sipro-OMeTAD, TiO₂/MAPbI3/Sipro-OMeTAD, PCBM /CH₃NH₃PbBr3/ PEDOT:PSS, and PCBM /CH₃NH₃PbI₃/ PEDOT:PSS heterojunction-based perovskite solar cell structures. With these variables an efficiency of 22.46% was obtained at 263.15(k). By using SCAPS simulation software

The antimicrobial activity of seven α-aminophosphonate derivatives was evaluated. These new compounds were synthesized via a one-pot reaction of the Kabachnik-Fields between 2-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)thio)acetohydrazide, aldehyde derivatives, and diethyl phosphite in the presence of magnesium triflate as a catalyst. The novel compounds are identified by analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The use of magnesium triflate as a catalyst revealed short reaction time (1 h), in 10 mol%.The activity of the new compounds was against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the Gram-negative bacteria Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginose, and the fungus Candida albicans. The results indicated that most of the new compounds have moderate to high potency as antibacterial and antifungal agents. And the theoretical study confirmed that the compounds excel in binding with a more stable binding energy than the antibiotic penicillin, and this was confirmed by laboratory results. In the case of Escherichia coli ATCC® 25922™, only 5a and 5e displayed significant inhibitory activities equal to or greater than the reference drug. Most of the new compounds (5c–5 g) revealed high potency against Salmonella typhimurium ATCC® 14028™. The highest value is for 5d which has the high inhibitory activity against Cadida albicans.

Currently, a new set of asymmetrical dimeric molecules with a Schiff-base at one end and a chalcone alkali substitution by di-ether are made and their liquid crystal and fluorescence properties are investigated. The proposed chemical structure was confirmed by routine analytical methods using FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, polarized optical microscopy (POM); was used to assess the pointed compounds' liquid crystalline characteristics, while differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); was employed to confirm the compounds' transitions. The results report the length of the alkali chain at one end of the molecule is critical to the creation of the mesophase type. Compounds with medium-length chains exhibit nematic mesophases with moderate transition temperatures. The fluorescence of compounds was analyzed, with blue-emitting results indicating the presence of blue-light-emitting features. The 10a had higher ɛ; as well as red-shifted λmax; and Fmax; compared to the others and has blue light emission properties. Eventually; the expanding range of possible uses to include OLED material and fluorescent probes for sensing applications.

Introduction: Since the 1960s, lasers have been used in dentistry, and their clinical uses have been evaluated. Many dental procedures involve lasers, which are noted for their simplicity, efficiency, comfort, and superiority over older methods. Lasers have been employed in various therapy approaches, from identifying small caries to planning and treating more severe lesions or cancers. Methodology: To conduct a comprehensive search for our systematic review, we employed three search engines: PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. Following combinations; Lasers [general dentistry], Laser [soft tissue], and Laser [hard tissue], published in the last five years. After applying inclusion-exclusion criteria, 46 original articles were studied in detail. Objective: The systematic review aimed to study the long-term outcomes of lasers on soft and hard tissues in dentistry. Result: Tooth decay, gum disease, biopsy or lesion removal, teeth whitening, and other procedures are performed using lasers. Lasers are frequently utilized because they cause less pain, require less anesthesia and avoid anxiety in patients who are afraid of dental drills and instruments. Conclusion: Laser technology in clinical dentistry practice is currently at an advanced stage of development and has a bright future. With the expanding use of lasers on both hard and soft tissue in clinical dentistry, treatment planning and prognosis have significantly improved.

As a prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disorder, Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the neuropathological hallmark of the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DAergic) innervation and the appearance of Lewy bodies with aggregated α-synuclein. Although several familial forms of PD have been reported to be associated with several gene variants, most cases in nature are sporadic, triggered by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental risk factors. Numerous epidemiological studies during the past two decades have shown positive associations between PD and several environmental factors, including exposure to neurotoxic pesticides/herbicides and heavy metals as well as traumatic brain injury. Other environmental factors that have been implicated as potential risk factors for PD include industrial chemicals, wood pulp mills, farming, well-water consumption, and rural residence. In this review, we summarize the environmental toxicology of PD with the focus on the elaboration of chemical toxicity and the underlying pathogenic mechanisms associated with exposure to several neurotoxic chemicals, specifically 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), rotenone, paraquat (PQ), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), dieldrin, manganese (Mn), and vanadium (V). Our overview of the current findings from cellular, animal, and human studies of PD provides information for possible intervention strategies aimed at halting the initiation and exacerbation of environmentally linked PD.

This work highlights how the treatment of ZSM-5 (parent Zeolite Socony Mobil–5, Si/Al = 23) with different surfactant templates and alkaline solution, improved the catalytic performance in the Friedel-Crafts acylation of anisole with a propionic anhydride to obtain p-methoxypropiophenone. The modified microporous to mesoporous zeolite catalysts were characterized using different analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen porosimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), temperature-programmed desorption (ammonia-TPD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) to analyze the crystallographic structure, surface acidity, surface area, porosity, morphology, and particle size. The results showed that the formed mesoporous zeolite by NaOH solution had smaller mesopores (ca. 3.7 nm) as compared to the mesoporous zeolites obtained by surfactant templates, such as, CTAB (ca. 14.9 nm), TPAOH (ca. 11.1 nm) and mixture of CTAB/TPAOH (ca. 15.2 nm). The catalytic acylation reaction was conducted in a batch glass reactor at various temperatures and the products were analyzed using off-line gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was found that the activity of treated ZSM-5 with mixed surfactant templates (CTAB/TPAOH) exhibited enhanced selectivity towards the main product (p-methoxypropiophenone) by a factor 1.7 or higher than unmodified ZSM-5 due to its increased surface area by 1.5 times and enhanced acid sites.

Hydroxylation reaction of phenol into diphenol, such as hydroquinone and catechol, has a great role in many industrial applications. Phenol hydroxylation reaction can be carried out using Titanium Silicalite-1 (TS-1) as catalyst and H2O2 as an oxidant. TS-1 catalyst shows high activity and selectivity for phenol hydroxylation reaction. However, its hydrophobic sites lead to slow H2O2 adsorption toward the active site of TS-1. Consequently, the reaction rate of phenol hydroxylation reaction is tends to be low. Addition of metal oxide Fe2O3 enhanced hydrophilicity of TS-1 catalyst. Liquid phase catalytic phenol hydroxylation using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant was carried out over iron (III) oxide-modified TS-1 catalyst (Fe2O3/TS-1), that were prepared by impregnation method using iron (III) nitrate as precursor and characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, pyridine adsorption, and hydrophilicity techniques. Catalysts 1Fe2O3/TS-1 showed maximum catalytic activity of hydroquinone product. In this research, the increase of hydroquinone formation rate is due to the higher hydrophilicity of Fe2O3/TS-1 catalysts compare to the parent catalyst, TS-1. Keywords: Fe2O3/TS-1, hydrophilic site, phenol hydroxylation

White rice husk ash obtained from complete uncontrolled burning of rice husk contains more than 94% silica. The ash, which consists of crystalline silica of the type tridymite and a-crystobalite, was used directly as a source of silica in the synthesis of zeolite beta. The mole oxide ratio of the initial gel of 1.25-8Na2O: 10-120SiO2: Al2O3: 1-20TEA2O: 150-1000H2O was prepared and heated at 150°C in a static condition for 6 d. The solid phases formed were monitored by XRD technique. Influence of reaction mixture ratio in the initial gel to the crystalline products formed was studied. Results showed that the pure zeolite beta was formed in a certain range of reaction mixture, i.e.: 1.25-4Na2O : 15-45SiO2 : Al2O3 : 4-10TEA2O : 240-480H2O. The other ratio of reaction mixtures produced crystalline phases such as analcime, Na-P, mordenite, and gismondine, and non-reacted of a-crystobalite and tridymite. Keywords: rice husk ash, tridymite, a-crystobalite, zeolite beta, synthesis

Sodalite is a type of zeolite having ultramicropore size and high thermal stability with strong basic sites. However, sodalite has several drawbacks in the catalyst application due to its smallest pore size (2.8 Å) and low surface area. To overcome these disadvantages, microporous sodalite can be modified to have mesoporous structure but maintain its active sites suitable for catalyst applications. This study was focused on the synthesis of mesoporous sodalite using various organic templates as structure directing molecules. A hierarchical mesoporous sodalite has been synthesized hydrothermally at 150°C for crystallization by using several mesotemplate and fumed silica as a silica source. The synthesized samples were characterized using XRD, FTIR, BET surface area, and FESEM. XRD and FTIR showed that all templates being used in the synthesis produced sodalite phase. The sodalite synthesized using organosilane (trimethoxysilyl-propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride) and mixture of tetrapropyl ammonium hydroxide and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide with ratio of 1 : 1 showed mesoporosity as proven by higher BET surface area as compared to microporous sodalite with different pore structure as proven by pore distribution.

Candida genus includes many hazardous and risky species that can develop resistance toward various antifungal types. Metals nanoparticles (NPs) possess powerful antimicrobial actions, but their potential human toxicity could limit their practices. The algal polysaccharide fucoidan (Fu) was extracted from the macro-brown algae, Cystoseira barbata, analyzed, and used for biosynthesizing nanoparticles of silver (Ag-NPs) and selenium (Se-NPs). The extracted Fu had elevated fucose levels (58.73% of total monosaccharides) and exhibited the main biochemical characteristic of customary Fu. The Fu biosynthesis of Ag-NPs and Se-NPs was achieved via facile direct protocol; Fu-synthesized NPs had 12.86 and 16.18 nm average diameters, respectively. The ultrastructure of Fu-synthesized NPs emphasized well-distributed and spherical particles that were embedded/capped in Fu as combined clusters. The Fu/Ag-NPs and Fu/Se-NPs anticandidal assessments, against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Candida parapsilosis, revealed that both NPs had powerful fungicidal actions against the examined pathogens. The ultrastructure imaging of subjected C. albicans and C. parapsilosis to NPs revealed that Fu/Ag-NPs and Fu/Se-NPs triggered remarkable distortions, pore formation, and destructive lysis in cell surfaces within 10 h of exposure. The innovative usage of C. barbata Fu for Ag-NP and Se-NP synthesis and the application of their composites as powerful anticandidal agents, with minimized human toxicity, are concluded.

In this research (PCBM) was used as Electron Transport Material (ETM) and (P3HT) as Hole Transport Material (HTM). where used with the perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) and changed the thickness ETM from (100nm) to (2600). And changed the effective density of states (CB, VB) (from 2.20E12, to=2.20E20 for CH3NH3PbI3) with this variable an efficiency of 9.74% was obtained at 263.15(k). By using SCAPS simulation software.