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In the present study, the effect of hydrochloric acid washing on the structure characteristic and pyrolysis behavior of tobacco stalk were investigated. Proximate analysis and elemental compositions of the samples showed that the volatiles and ash contents decreased while fixed carbon increased after the acid washing pretreatment. Meanwhile, the inorganic species can be greatly removed and HHV of acid-washed tobacco stalk was increased by 20.52% to 17.15 MJ/kg. FTIR and XRD analysis showed that acid washing also changed the surface chemical and cellulose crystalline structure of tobacco stalk. Furthermore, pyrolysis characteristic parameters obtained from thermogravimetry analysis indicated that acid washing increased the initial and final pyrolysis temperature, as well as the comprehensive pyrolysis index of biomass because of the removal of unstable volatile components and the change of microstructure. Pyrolysis kinetic behavior was studied through Coats–Redfern and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose methods, and the decreased ∆H and negative ∆S for W-TS during the pyrolysis process may indicate an enhanced reaction reactivity after the acid washing.

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) can often bind target molecules with high selectivity and specificity. When used as MIPs, conductive polymers may have unique binding capabilities, they often contain aromatic rings and functional groups, which can undergo &pi, －&pi, and hydrogen bonding interactions with similarly structured target (or template) molecules. In this work, an electrochemical method was used to optimize the synthetic self-assembly of poly(aniline-co-metanilic acid) and testosterone, forming testosterone-imprinted electronically conductive polymers (TIECPs) on sensing electrodes. The linear sensing range for testosterone was from 0.1 to 100 pg/mL, and the limit of detection was as low as ~pM. Random urine samples were collected and diluted 1000-fold to measure testosterone concentration using the above TIECP sensors, results were compared with a commercial ARCHITECT ci 8200 system. The testosterone concentrations in the tested samples were in the range of 0.33 &plusmn, 0.09 to 9.13 &plusmn, 1.33 ng/mL. The mean accuracy of the TIECP-coated sensors was 90.3 &plusmn, 7.0%.

In the development of emerging energy, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been widely researched. Nevertheless, because of the high price and scarcity of Pt and its sluggish kinetics for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the preparation of highly effective cathode catalysts becomes one of the main challenges for PEMFCs in the practical application. In this study, carbon supported PtSn nanorods (NRs) with metal loading of 50 wt % and different Pt/Sn ratios of 80/20, 65/35 and 50/50 have been prepared by formic acid reduction method. The ORR performance of the catalysts can be promoted synergistically by one-dimensional (1-D) NRs and is varied with the Pt/Sn ratios. The experimental and computational efforts reveal that the Sn addition can lower the unoccupied d-band of neighboring Pt and the oxygen-containing species (OCS) on Sn can suppress their oxidation through the repulsion effect. Consequently, PtSn electrodes show the improved ORR activity; Pt50Sn50 with the highest Sn content results in the highest mass activity. On the other hand, the negatively charged OCS on Sn attracts the positively charged Pt and destructs the structures of PtSn NRs. Accordingly, Pt80Sn20 with the lowest Sn contain has the highest concentration of 1-D PtSn NRs and shows the best stability in the accelerated durability test (ADT). Our results clarify the mechanism of ORR on PtSn electrodes and suggest the importance of the precise control of atomic ratios on PtSn catalysts for the practical purpose. The findings open new perspectives about the origins of the activity and stability of the PtSn catalysts, especially for 1-D catalysts.

An environmentally friendly and facile method for the synthesis of small-sized Au–Ag alloy nanoparticles is proposed. The method involves the coreduction of HAuCl4 and AgNO3 using Lysimachia christinae polysaccharide as reductant and stabiliser at 85°C. The synthesised alloy nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 3.81 nm are stable in solution due to the stabilising effect of the polysaccharide. Furthermore, Au–Ag nanoparticles have first been introduced into cigarette filter to serve as a synergistic catalyst for reducing CO in mainstream smoke.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) provides a potential therapeutic approach for killing malignant cell/solid tumors, but currently approved photosensitizers (PSs) are generally excited by visible light, limiting the penetration depth in tissues. It is necessary to develop a near-infrared (NIR) responsive photodynamic platform, providing maximum tissue penetration. Here, we present a gold nanopeanut platform exhibiting dual functions of NIR PDT and two-photon luminescence imaging. The nanopeanut with a size less than 100 nm exhibits two distinct NIR surface plasmon absorption bands at approximately 1110 and 1300 nm. To perform PDT, we conjugated commercial toluidine blue O (TBO) PS on the surface of the nanopeanuts. With spectral overlap, the 1230-nm femtosecond Cr: forsterite laser can excite the surface plasmons of nanopeanuts, transfer energy to TBO, and generate singlet oxygen to kill cells. Moreover, the plasmon resonance-enhanced two-photon luminescence of nanopeanuts can be used to map their delivery in vivo. These results demonstrate that the PS-conjugated gold nanopeanut is an effective theranostic system for NIR PDT.

Facile and robust immobilization of metal nanoparticles onto porous supporting matrix is an important issue in heterogeneous catalysis. This study reports a facile procedure for the synthesis and immobilization of small catalytic active silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on cellulose paper (CP), which possesses interconnected fibrous structure and can be employed as cost-effective supports. Amino groups were first introduced to CP, through a silane coupling technique, to provide stable anchoring centers for silver ions. Small-sized AgNPs without aggregation were facilely synthesized and stably immobilized onto the fiber surface of CP followed by NaBH4 reduction. The as-prepared AgNPs incorporating composites exhibited excellent catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol. The rate constant of the catalytic reaction was calculated to be 1.46 × 10−2 s−1. More importantly, these amino-modified paper-based composite catalysts can be easily recovered and reused for at least six cycles due to their enhanced mechanical and catalytic stability.

The phase equilibria for the MCl2-ThCl4(M: Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) binary systems were critically evaluated and optimized based upon the CALPHAD approach. The substitutional solution model(SSM) was used to describe the liquid phase. All the intermediate compounds were treated as stoichiometric compounds of which Gibbs energies comply with the Neumann-Kopp rule. Thermodynamic model parameters optimization for respective phases was conducted by the least squares minimization procedure with required input data available from experimental measurements. Satisfactory agreements between all calculated results and experimental data were achieved which demonstrates that thermodynamic databases for the MCl2-ThCl4(M: Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) binary systems were ultimately derived in the present work allowing safe extrapolation into multi-component system for guiding relative industrial applications.

Electrochemically synthesized polymers are used in molecular imprinting for chemical sensing and are attractive for use in the rapid preparation of low-cost sensing electrodes. The electropolymerization of certain novel monomers, such as 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), results in electrically conducting polymers (ECPs) that give substantially improved biosensor performance. In this work, EDOT and hydroxymethyl EDOT (EDOT-OH) were electrochemically copolymerized to optimize the imprinting effectiveness of progesterone; the imprinting effectiveness is defined as the ratio of the peak electrochemical response of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) to that of non-imprinted polymers (NIPs). Interestingly, three different kinds of microstructures were observed: porous, “belt”, and tubular structures. Copolymerization, however, did not increase the effectiveness of imprinting over that obtained with pure PEDOT or p(EDOT-OH). Finally, urine samples and the interferences that are present in urine (such as creatinine, urea, testosterone and 17β-estradiol) were examined to determine the selectivity of these sensors. The limit of detection (LOD) of this progesterone sensor was less than 1.0 fg/mL, and the linear range was from 0.1 fg/mL to 0.1 ng/mL.

In this study, the reaction mechanism and electrochemical properties of carbon-supported PtSn nanomaterials including nanoparticles and nanowires (NWs) toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have been investigated computationally and experimentally. Segregation energy calculations were applied to screen the unique thermodynamic stability of PtSn under ORR operation. Materials chemistry processing was further utilized to tailor the morphologies of PtSn NWs that have shown promoted ORR stability when compared to Pt NWs (24 vs. 83% decay during durability tests of 10 000 cycles). Additionally, these PtSn NWs with a Pt rich inner core and an Sn rich outer shell structure also showed an enhancement in ORR activity from electrochemical tests. The enhanced performance, which has been rationalized by computation and various experimental techniques of high resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, can be attributed to Sn and its oxides inducing change of electronic structures and the morphological effects, which not only reduce oxophilicity and the d-band center of surface Pt but also stabilize the structure during the durability test.

Lipogenesis is under the concerted action of ChREBP, SREBP-1c and other transcription factors in response to glucose and insulin. The isolated porcine preadipocytes were differentiated into mature adipocytes to investigate the roles and interrelation of these transcription factors in the context of glucose- and insulin-induced lipogenesis in pigs. In ChREBP-silenced adipocytes, glucose-induced lipogenesis decreased by ~70%, however insulin-induced lipogenesis was unaffected. Moreover, insulin had no effect on ChREBP expression of unperturbed adipocytes irrespective of glucose concentration, suggesting ChREBP mediate glucose-induced lipogenesis. Insulin stimulated SREBP-1c expression and when SREBP-1c activation was blocked, and the insulin-induced lipogenesis decreased by ~55%, suggesting SREBP-1c is a key transcription factor mediating insulin-induced lipogenesis. LXRα activation promoted lipogenesis and lipogenic genes expression. In ChREBP-silenced or SREBP-1c activation blocked adipocytes, LXRα activation facilitated lipogenesis and SREBP-1c expression, but had no effect on ChREBP expression. Therefore, LXRα might mediate lipogenesis via SREBP-1c rather than ChREBP. When ChREBP expression was silenced and SREBP-1c activation blocked simultaneously, glucose and insulin were still able to stimulated lipogenesis and lipogenic genes expression, and LXRα activation enhanced these effects, suggesting LXRα mediated directly glucose- and insulin-induced lipogenesis. In summary, glucose and insulin stimulated lipogenesis through both dissimilar and identical regulation pathway in porcine adipocytes.

In this study, carbon-supported CoPtAg nanoparticles with different atomic ratios have been reduced under CO atmosphere and applied as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). These samples with low Pt loading have comparable ORR activity and stability to Pt/C. An appropriate amount of Ag addition like 5 at % can effectively promote the performance of CoPt owing to the modification of the oxophilicity. Then carbon-supported Co90Pt5Ag5 nanoparticles with different atomic arrangements have been reduced by different agents. The coordination numbers of Pt-Co and Co-Co (CNPt-Co and CNCo-Co) of catalysts are related to their ORR activity and stability, respectively. Co90 sample with Ag and Pt randomly distributing within the Co matrix has high CNCo-Co, which does not have positive effect on the ORR performance. On the other hand, Co90-1 sample with Ag and Pt cores within the Co matrix has the highest CNPt-Co and ORR activity ascribed to the electronic modification effect. However, it losses 32% ORR activity after accelerated durability test of 1000 cycles due to high CNCo-Co. Co90-2 with Pt in the inner core and Ag on the outer shell structure has moderate CNPt-Co, very low CNCo-Co, and un-filled d-states, which not only modify the oxophilicity but also benefit the ORR stability with a decay rate of 21%. We have demonstrated the atomic arrangement-performance relationship of highly stable and low Pt catalysts.

Milk is a highly nutritional food, and separation of major allergens from milk has become important to people who are allergic. The aim of this study was to establish a simple and repeatable method for the isolation of α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin from cow’s milk while preserving their antigenicity. Fractions of α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin were salted-out using 50% ammonium sulfate from whey that was collected from cow’s milk after pH adjustment and then purified by anion-exchange chromatography with diethylaminoethyl-Sepharose Fast Flow. The antigenicity of the purified proteins was evaluated by indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that the purities of the α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin collected were 84.85 and 94.91% and the cross-reactivities of the purified proteins were 93.2 and 95.4%, respectively. Therefore, this simple and efficient strategy consisting of a one-step process for α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin is suitable for purifying t...

Emerging advances in iron oxide nanoparticles exploit their high magnetization for various applications, such as bioseparation, hyperthermia, and magnetic resonance imaging. In contrast to their excellent magnetic performance, the harmonic generation and luminescence properties of iron oxide nanoparticles have not been thoroughly explored, thus limiting their development as a tool in photomedicine. In this work, a seed/growth‐inspired synthesis is developed combined with primary mineralization and a ligand‐assisted secondary growth strategy to prepare mesostructured α‐FeOOH nanorods (NRs). The sub‐wavelength heterogeneity of the refractive index leads to enhanced third‐harmonic generation (THG) signals under near‐infrared excited wavelengths at 1230 nm. The as‐prepared NRs exhibit an 11‐fold stronger THG intensity compared to bare α‐FeOOH NRs. Using these unique nonlinear optical properties, it is demonstrated that mesostructured α‐FeOOH NRs can serve as biocompatible and nonbleaching contrast agents in THG microscopy for long‐term labeling of cells as well as in angiography in vivo by modifying lectin to enhance the binding efficiency to the glycocalyx layers on the wall of blood vessels. These results provide a new insight into Fe‐based nanoplatforms capable of emitting coherent light as molecular probes in optical microscopy, thus establishing a complementary microscopic imaging method for macroscopic magnetic imaging systems.

For deep imaging depth and least invasiveness, people commonly use 1100-1300 nm femtosecond laser sources to perform label-free in vivo microscopy. The modalities include reflectance confocal, two & three photon fluorescence, and second & third harmonic generation microscopy. However, most of the laser sources are typically based on bulky oscillators, which are sensitive to environment conditions and less stable for routine clinical use. In contrast, fiber-based lasers have simpler cavity design and potentially compact size for movable use. In this presentation, we demonstrate a fiber-based 1150 nm femtosecond laser source, with 6.5 nJ pulse energy, 86 fs pulse-width, and 11.25 MHz pulse repetition rate. It was achieved by a Bismuth Borate (BIBO) or Magnesium-doped periodically poled Lithium Niobate (MgO:PPLN) mediated frequency doubling of the 2300 nm solitons, generated from an excitation of 1550 nm Er:fiber femtosecond laser pulses on a large mode area photonic crystal fiber. Combined with a laser scanned microscope and a home-build data acquisition card, we achieve a pulse-per-pixel harmonic generation microscopy in vivo at a 30 Hz frame rate. In the future, this solution is potential to be used for label-free clinical virtual optical biopsy.

In this study, we have investigated the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and durability of Co-based catalysts mechanistically. CoPt/C catalysts with a Pt loading of 7 wt% and Au modification have been prepared and shown excellent ORR performance. The various as-prepared CoPt/C and CoPtAu/C catalysts have about 2.6–9.2 times higher mass activity than commercial Pt/C. The mechanistic insight obtained by density functional theory calculations has shown that the enhanced activity is attributable to the fact that Co-based catalysts can easily dissociate surface O2* without the high-barrier protonation step and efficiently remove the dissociated O*. The improved stability, 1000th decay = 14.6%, corresponds to the fact that the core Au can resist the shrinkage of surface Pt during the accelerated durability test.

In this work, progesterone is imprinted into poly(aniline-co-metanilic acid) on the working electrode of an electrochemical sensing chip. This sensing chip was used directly to optimize the composition of the imprinting polymer. Poly(aniline-co-metanilic acid) deposited from a 1 : 3 molar ratio of aniline (ANI) : m-aminobenzenesulfonic acid (MSAN) had an imprinting effectiveness which led to a four-fold greater electrochemical response than pure polyaniline. The electrochemical sensing of progesterone had a limit of detection (LOD) less than 1.0 pg mL−1, and the direct electrochemical response was very weak even at high interference concentrations. Results from potential interferents (urea, testosterone, creatinine and 17-β estradiol) are reported. The progesterone levels that were measured in a random urine analysis were compared with those obtained using a commercial ARCHITECT system, and the accuracy of the progesterone concentration was 89.0 ± 5.3% at a concentration of 0.64–5.27 ng mL−1.

NPs-Cu/SiO2 multilayer films were deposited alternately by magnetron sputtering on single silicon and Corning glass substrate with different Cu target power at room temperature (RT) and 400 °C. The structure of the NPs-Cu/SiO2 films was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The optical absorption property was investigated by Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis). The results of XRD and TEM indicate that Cu nanoparticles are basically spherical and disperse in the SiO2 matrix. The optical absorption peaks due to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of Cu nanoparticles are observed in the wavelength range of 590–650 nm. The SPR peak for NPs-Cu/SiO2 multilayer films shows the red-shift trend with increasing Cu target power, however, the SPR peak shows the blue-shift trend with increasing the substrate temperature and the number of Cu layers.

We performed a molecular theory to study the switching mechanism of mixed brushes. For mixed brushes, because of the different solvent selectivity, one species forms the poor solvent layers, whereas another species creates the upper, good solvent layer. The structural properties of the mixed brushes were analyzed in detail for various solvent responds. The thermodynamic properties of the mixed brushes, such as the lateral pressure-area isotherms and chemical potentials, are studied as a function of surface coverage. The possibility of perpendicular segregation in mixed brushes is explained. The presented results allow us to quantify the responsive fea- tures ofmixed brushes and provideguidanceforthe designofmulticomponent brushes for specific applications.

We report on the fabrication of fluorescent and multicolor probes for Zn2+ ions and temperature from a mixture of three types of fluorophore-labeled responsive block copolymers in aqueous media. Quinoline-based Zn2+-recognizing fluorescent monomer ZQMA, red-emitting rhodamine B-based monomer RhBEA, and blue-emitting coumarin derivative Coum-OH, were synthesized first. A ZQMA-labeled well-defined double hydrophilic block copolymer (DHBC), PEG-b-P(MEO2MA-co-ZQMA), was synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization of 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate (MEO2MA) and ZQMA by utilizing a PEG-based macroRAFT agent. Following similar procedures, PEG-b-P(St-co-RhBEA) amphiphilic diblock copolymer and PEG-b-P(MEO2MA-co-Coum) DHBC were also synthesized, where P(St-co-RhBEA) was a RhBEA-labeled polystyrene (PS) block. At room temperature in aqueous solution, almost nonfluorescent PEG-b-P(MEO2MA-co-ZQMA) can effectively bind Zn2+ ions, leading to prominent green fluorescence enhancement due to the coordination of ZQMA with Zn2+ ions. However, by mixing red-emitting PEG-b-P(St-co-RhBEA) and blue-emitting PEG-b-P(MEO2MA-co-Coum) with PEG-b-P(MEO2MA-co-ZQMA) at an appropriate ratio, three color transitions could be observed. In the absence of Zn2+ ions, a mixed pink fluorescent originating from Coum and RhBEA was observed; upon the addition of a certain amount of Zn2+ ions, the green fluorescence enhanced dramatically, leading to a white fluorescence readout. By further increasing the amount of Zn2+ ions, the green fluorescence further enhanced and overwhelmed the blue and red emissions, leading to a green-dominant mixed-fluorescence emission. In addition, upon increasing the temperature, the fluorescence of Coum decreased considerably due to the fluorescence-resonance energy transfer (FRET) between Coum and ZQMA moieties. In this way, a ratiometric fluorescent thermometer can be constructed.

We report here an environmentally benign and facile approach for the synthesis of gold-silver alloy nanoparticles. This approach involves the co-reduction of HAuCl4 and AgNO3 by employing Lysimachia christinae polysaccharide as both reductant and stabilizer without the introduction of any other surfactant. The formed gold-silver alloy nanoparticles exhibited relatively narrow distribution and good stability. Generation of the gold-silver alloy nanoparticles were observed by UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The reaction of 4-nitrophenol reduction was employed to evaluate the catalytic property of gold-silver alloy nanoparticles, and it was found that the alloy nanoparticles χ Au = 0.5) have better catalytic performance than the corresponding monometallic nanoparticles.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Gibberella zeae occurs in wheat-producing areas worldwide. FHB results in substantial economic losses and produces various mycotoxins, notably the type B trichothecene (B-Trich) deoxynivalenol and its acetylated derivatives and nivalenol, as well as the sterol zearalenone, which are toxic to humans and animals, respectively. Here, 1313 (667 from conventional fields [CFs] and 646 from systematic observation fields [SOFs]), 1915 (1246 from CFs, 669 from SOFs) and 1703 (1118 from CFs, 585 from SOFs) isolates of G. zeae were collected from 37, 43 and 35 counties (cities), respectively, in Jiangsu Province in 2016–2018. The sensitivity to carbendazim (MBC) was determined, and 2-year field trials on the management of FHB severity and B-Trich contamination were conducted using 10 representative fungicides registered by the Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture of China. The frequencies of MBC-resistant (R) G. zeae collected from CFs in 2016–2018 were 61.32%, 58.03% and 56.80%, respectively, and those from SOFs were 38.24%, 43.80% and 41.37%, respectively. The frequency of MBC-R G. zeae in Jiangsu Province was found to be the highest in the world, and this development of MBC resistance requires the application of alternative chemicals to fight FHB. In field trials in 2017–2018, tebuconazole and phenamacril showed >85% efficacy in the control of FHB severity and B-Trich contamination. A mixture of pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole showed >82% and

Objective To introduce an accelerated solvent extraction(ASE)-HPLC-TOF/MS method for simultaneous determination of Polyphyllin Ⅰ,Polyphyllin Ⅱ,Polyphyllin Ⅵ,Polyphyllin Ⅶ,Dioscin and Gracillin in Paris Polyphylla.Methods The extraction was performed by ASE under the following conditions: extracting solvent 70% ethanol;extracting temperature 120℃;pressure 1.17 MPa(1 700 psi);and static time 6 min.The separation was carried out on a MGC18 column(3.0 mm×100 mm,3.0 μm).Elution was done with a linear gradient mobile phase system consisting of 0.1% formic acid(V/V) water and acetonitrile.The flow rate was set at 0.8 ml/min,the sample injection volume was 3 μl,the column temperature was kept constant at 25℃,nebulizer gas pressure was 275.8 kPa(40 psi),drying gas flow rate was 10 L/min,and gas temperature was 350℃.Results The calibration curves for Polyphyllin Ⅰ,Polyphyllin Ⅱ,Polyphyllin Ⅵ,Polyphyllin Ⅶ,Dioscin and Gracillin were linear within the range of 0.500 0-50.00 μg/ml(r=0.999 8),0.422 3-42.23 μg/ml(r=0.999 7),0.612 0-61.20 μg/ml(r=0.999 9),0.714 0-71.40 μg/ml(r=0.999 5),0.448 0-44.80 μg/ml(r=0.999 9) and 0.436 0-43.60 μg/ml(r=0.9997),respectively;and the average recoveries(n=6) were 98.9%,98.0%,102.5%,101.9%,103.1% and 97.9%,respectively.Conclusion The introduced method is solvent-saving and time-saving;it can also be used for high-throughput analysis and determination of steroidal saponins in Paris Polyphylla.

Mo–12Si–8.5B alloys with different mass fraction (0, 0.6 wt%, 12 wt%) lanthanum oxide(La2O3) additive were fabricated by using arc-melting and spark plasma sintering (SPS) techniques. The doped Mo–12Si–8.5B alloys are consisted mainly of α-Mo, Mo3Si and Mo5SiB2(T2) phases. It is found that the grains are reduced and the intermetallics particles are dispersed more homogeneously after the addition of La2O3. The optimization in microstructure induces corresponding improvements in both compression strength and breaking strain of the alloys. The predominant strengthening mechanisms are fine-grain strengthening and particles dispersion strengthening. In addition, fracture toughness test shows that the addition of La2O3 can improve the toughness of Mo–12Si–8.5B alloys, for which the toughening mechanism involves crack trapping by α-Mo phases and extensive small second phase particles in the alloys.

This paper mainly focuses on revealing the hydration mechanism of new cementitious material of filling body through its microstructure analysis. According to the SEM samples preparation, analysis of different age of filling body microstructure and XRD diffraction mapping, the results showed that the hydration products were with large amount of ettringite, followed by C-S-H gel, calcium and silica. The main reason of strength increasing was the ettringite morphology and the hydration process. It was obtained that the hydration products of different activators were mainly the influence factor of strength, on basis of analyzing the microstructure of different activator materials.

In recent years, it has been suggested that epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) plays an important role in development of coronary artery disease (CAD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). In this article, we used two-photon fluoresce microscope to measure the fluorescence metabolic image of EAT, which obtained from the patient with/without CAD/DM. We used 740nm and 890nm infrared light to excite the auto-fluorescence of metabolic molecules NADH and FAD respectively. We collected the fluorescence signal at wavelength 450nm to 500nm and 500nm to 550nm to obtain the metabolic image. Through the image, we computed the redox ratio (NADH/FAD) by analyzing the intensity. The preliminary result showed that the redox ratio increase in the patients with CAD. It indicates EAT adipocytes of patient with CAD have decreased cellular metabolic activity. But there were no significant variation of redox ratio in the patients with DM.

In order to improve the corrosion resistance and the hardness of the 45 steel, under comparison tests, the electroless Ni-B was prepared on the 45 steel. We made a contrast test to get the optimal formula. The coating under the optimal formula was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometer(EDS), metallurgical microscope and salt spray cabinet. The experimental results showed that the electroless Ni-B coating on 45 steel was low boron coating, with high hardness, and the hardness of the coating could catch HV524; the thickness of the coating was 16μm.

Mo–12Si–8.5B (at.%) alloys doped with different mass fraction of lanthanum oxide (La 2 O 3 ) were fabricated by using arc-melting and spark plasma sintering techniques. Composition and microstructures of the samples were examined with XRD and optical microscope, respectively. Oxidation resistance behavior of the alloys at 800 °C and 1000 °C was investigated using TGA, XRD and SEM-EDS. Experimental results show that the Mo-12Si-8.5B alloys are mainly composed of α-Mo, Mo 5 SiB 2 (T 2 ) and Mo 3 Si phases and the grain sizes of alloys doped with La 2 O 3 were finer than the undoped ones. At 800 °C and 1000 °C, the alloys doped with La 2 O 3 have good oxidation resistances because the protective borosilicate scale is quickly formed and adhered with the substrate. The oxide scales consist of outer boronsilicate glass scale and inner reaction zone consists of molybdenum dioxide. The oxidation mechanisms of the La 2 O 3 -doped Mo–12Si–8.5B alloys were also discussed in light of the experiments results.

The HPLC method has been developed for the determination of nine food additives (acesulfame-potassium, benzoic acid, sodium saccharin, sorbic acid, dehydroacetic acid, aspartame, methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben) in condiments. Samples were precipitated , tested by the reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography instrument with photodiode array detector . All the compounds exhibited good linear relationship with the correlation coefficient from 0.9991 to 0.9998. The recoveries were range from 87.1% to 108.5 % with the RSD values from 1.61 % to 5.13 % at the spiked levels from 5 mg/kg to 250 mg/kg. The detection limits of the method were from 0.3 mg/kg to 2.0 mg/kg. It is a convenient, accurate and effective method to determine these additives in condiment.

Pure Mo and Mo–Si alloys with different silicon content were fabricated by powder-metallurgical and thermo-mechanical processing. Tensile properties of the pure Mo and Mo–Si alloys were measured at room temperature and the fracture surface was analyzed after test. The results indicate that Si can effectively reduced the grain size and improve the yield strength of Mo–Si alloys. With the decrease in grain size, the dominant fracture morphology is changed from intergranular to transgranular. The strengthening mechanisms were discussed and the yield strength was analyzed described with respect to grain size, solid solution hardening and Mo3Si particle strengthening. Calculations show that the yield strength of Mo–Si alloys is governed by grain size.

Ce~(3+)activated phosphors,fluorophosphate Na_2Gd_(0.99)Ce_(0.01)PO_4F_2 and polyphosphates MGd_(0.99)-Ce_(0.01) (PO_3)_4(M=Na,K,Cs),were prepared using a high-temperature solid-state reaction technique.Five excitation bands were observed at about 316,266,235,216,206 nm from Ce~(3+)5d in Na_2Gd_(0.99)Ce_(0.01)PO_4F_2, and two emission bands from Ce~(3+)5d-4f were found at about 350,375 nm.On the basis of these observations, it is assumed that Ce~(3+)ions occupy one lattice site in Na_2Gd_(0.99)Ce_(0.01)PO_4F_2.The luminescence of MGd_(0.99)Ce_(0.01)(PO_3)_4(M=Na,K,Cs)under X-ray excitation revealed that these phosphors have high light-yields under X-ray excitation,showing that they may be potential scintillation materials.

In order to develop low carbon bainitic Cr-B steel, experimental procedures including melting, thermal simulation study and laboratory hot rolling were adopted. The dynamic CCT diagram was established, microstructure and properties of experimental steel were also analyzed. The transformation temperature of experimental steel lies between 650～400°C and final microstructure changes fromquasi-polygonal ferrite, granular bainite to lath bainite as cooling rate increases from 0.2 to 50°C.s-1. The microstructure of steel plates, air cooled or water cooled to 530°C then air cooled, is mainly composed of granular bainite and quasi-polygonal ferrite, and the large size islands in granular bainite are responsible for the low strength and poor toughness. However, steel plate with lath bainite, water cooled to roomtemperature, boasts high yield strength (672MPa) and superior impact toughness (127J at -20°C). Therefore, it is feasible to produce low carbon bainitic Cr-B steel with high strength and good toughness through controlling cooling parameters.

A phosphorylcholine-like silane coupling agent bearing zwitterionic molecular structure was synthesized and studied. The chemical structure of this silane coupling agent was characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR and 31P NMR. The zwitterionic structure was successfully constructed onto the surface of silicon as a self-assembled layer (SAL). Static water contact angle, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to investigate the wettability and surface topography of the modified silicon surfaces. Static water contact angle results indicated that the hydrophilicity of the surfaces could be effectively improved by the modification with this zwitterionic silane coupling agent. The changes of the topography and water contact angle of the modified surfaces with different incubation periods in PBS solution were also measured to evaluate the stability of the SALs. Blood compatibility of the modified surfaces were evaluated by testing the full-blood activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), and thrombin time (TT), as well as by observing the adhered blood platelets onto the surface. The modified surfaces showed prolonged clotting time and fewer adherent platelets, revealing that the blood compatibility was evidently improved by the modification using this zwitterionic silane.

A Cupro-8-thioqinoline coordination polymer, [CuI (C9H6NS)]n, was synthesized by methano-thermal reaction of CuCl and 8,8′-dithiodiquinoline (dtdq) in a molar ratio of 2:1 at 160°C for 7 d. X-Ray single crystal structure determination revealed the formation of a one-dimensional structure belonging to monoclinic crystal system, space group P21/c with cell parameters a = 0.8043(1) nm, b = 1.8949(3) nm, c = 1.1048(1) nm, β = 110.109(4)°, V = 1.5810(4) nm3 and Z = 4. The crystal was found to be stable up to approximately 300°C by thermal analysis and have an energy gap (Eg) of 2.0 eV exhibited by UV-Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum.

Objective To analyze the constituents and metabolites of Radix Saposhnikoviae(RS)in rat plasma and urine by rapid-resolution liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry(RRLC-TOF/MS),so as to explore the active ingredients and metabolites of RS in vivo.Methods The separation was performed on a Angilent Zorbax Extend-C18(5 μm,250 mm×4.6 mm id)column,with a methanol-water mobile phase system used for gradient elution.Time-of-flight mass spectrometer(TOF/MS)was applied for qualitative analysis under positive ion mode.Based on the accurate molecular weight of TOF/MS detection and the compound list of RS established previously,the constituents and metabolites of RS in different matrix in vivo were identified.Results Six constituents of RS were identified in the plasma:sucrose,prim-O-glucosylcimifugin,cimifugin,nodakenetin,5-O-methylvisamminol,and 3'-O-i-butyrylhammaudol.Eight constituents were identified in the urine:prim-O-glucosylcimifugin,divaricatacid,cimifugin,4'-O-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol,(3S)-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-dihydroxy-8-hydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H,6H-benzo-[1,2-b:5,4-b']dipyran-6-one,5-O-methylvisamminol,sec-O-β-D-glucosylhammaudol,and wogonin.Two metabolites were identified in the urine:glucuronide of cimifujin and an isomer of it.Conclusion The present method is reliable and effective for identifying compounds of RS in vivo,and it can provide a reference and evidence for the further pharmacodynamics experiments.

Objective To rapidly separate and identify the chemical components in traditional Chinese herbal medicine of Oldenlandia diffusa and its injection preparations by high performance liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry(HPLC-TOFMS).Methods An Agilent Zorbax XDB-Cl8 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) was used for separation and identification of chemical components in Oldenlandia diffusa,with a mobile phase of 0.3% acetic acid(A) and methanol(B) in gradient elution,0-30 min,30%-90%B.The flow rate was set at 1.0 ml/min and the injection volume was 10 μl.The time-of-flight mass spectrometer was equipped with an EIS ion source.The scanning mass range was between m/z 100-1 000.Results The traditional Chinese medicine of Oldenlandia diffusa and its injection preparation were on-line separated and characterized by HPLC-TOFMS,and 11 chemical compounds were identified in Oldenlandia diffusa,6 compounds in market injection preparation,and 2 compounds in the injection prepared by ourselves.Conclusion Chromatographic demonstration of chemical compounds in Oldenlandia diffusa in one run provides a foundation for the further studying the metabolism and mechanism of Oldenlandia diffusa and its injection preparations.