Search

This study was conducted in order to develop a novel noninvasive system for measurement and imaging of the arterial oxygen density ratio (ODR) in the retinal microcirculation. We developed a system composed of two digital cameras with two different filters, which were attached to a fundus camera capable of simultaneously obtaining two images. Actual measurements were performed on healthy volunteer eyes (n = 61). A new algorithm for ODR measurement and pixel-level imaging of erythrocytes was constructed from these data. The algorithm was based on the morphological closing operation and the line convergence index filter. For system calibration, we compared and verified the ODR values in arterioles and venules that were specified in advance for 56 eyes with reproducibility. In 10 additional volunteers, ODR measurements and imaging of the arterial phase in the retinal microcirculation corresponding to changes in oxygen saturation of the peripheral arteries at normal breathing and breath holding were performed. Estimation of incident light to erythrocytes and pixel-level ODR calculation were achieved using the algorithm. The mean ODR values of arterioles and venules were 0.77 ± 0.060 and 1.02 ± 0.067, respectively. It was possible to separate these regions, calibrate at the pixel level, and estimate the arterial phase. In each of the 10 volunteers, changes in the arterial phase ODR corresponding to changes in oxygen saturation of the peripheral arteries were observed before and after breath holding on ODR images. The mean ODR in 10 volunteers was increased by breath holding (p

We proposed a new visualization procedure for oxygen saturation in retinal capillary vessels by spectroscopic imaging. Four-wavelength spectroscopic imaging was used for a mesurement of capillary vessel region.

We have proposed a new automatic visualization procedure based the ratio of optical densities (ODs) obtained at two different wavelength for the oxygen saturation imaging in human retinal vessels. This method utilized the morphological processing and the line convergence index filter to estimate the reflection image of outside vessels and extract the vessel structure from retinal image, respectively. In the experimental measurement, clear difference between retinal arteries and veins has been observed. In this study, the data processing technique of the line convergence index filter was applied to a color fundus image to investigate the ability of vessel extraction. In addition, four-wavelength imaging was proposed to evaluate oxygen saturation of the retinal capillary vessels and to decrease the influence of the melanin pigmentation.

We proposed a new visualization procedure for oxygen saturation of retinal blood vessels by spectroscopic imaging of two-wavelength images. Morphological processing and line convergence index filter were used for the calculating processing.

A new automatic visualization procedure for the oxygen saturation imaging from multi-spectral imaging of human retinal vessels has been proposed. Two-wavelength retinal fundus images at 545 and 560 nm, which were oxygen insensitive and oxygen sensitive, respectively, were captured by CCD cameras simultaneously through a beam splitter and interference filters. We applied a morphological processing technique to presume a distribution of incident light including the vessel parts and an optical density (OD) image of each wavelength image. And the OD ratio (OD 560 /OD 545 ) image was calculated as a relative indicator of oxygen saturation. Furthermore, processing of line convergence index filter was adopted to identify the retinal vessels. Clear diffe rence between retinal arteries and veins was observed in the automated imaging method. In addition, th e decrease of oxygen saturati on in the retinal artery without breathing could be monitored by the ODR. This method is possible to be applied to real-time monitoring for oxygen saturation of retinal vessels. Keywords: Oxygen saturation, Spectroscopic imaging, Retinal fundus image, Line convergence index filter