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Historical account of Mendeleev's work in the chemistry of complex compounds is presented. (CP)

The results of ellipsometric, x-ray, and spectral studies of In2O3 films deposited by dc-magnetron sputtering on Al2O3 (012) substrates are presented. The experimental data are interpreted in terms of a three-layer model of the fi lm. It is assumed that large particles of the material are formed on the surface of the substrate at the beginning of the deposition process. The size of the crystallites then decreases, and they fill the gaps between the larger particles, after which the film formation goes into the stationary mode. It was shown that there is a transition layer with a band gap of 1.39 eV, a refractive index of ~3, and thickness of 25 nm at the interface between the film and the substrate. The properties of this layer do not depend on the deposition time.

Results are presented from adsorption and electrochemical investigations of a 3,7,12,17-tetramethyl-8,13-divinyl-2,18-deuteroporphyrin IX (depocolin) salt on a CuNiFe (MNZh) 5-1 alloy. It is established that modifying surfaces of copper and CuNiFe 5-1 alloy with depocolin and the subsequent adsorption of 5-chloro-1,2,3-benzotriazole considerably enhances the protective effect, which is higher than those of each compound taken separately. XPS and reflection ellipsometry reveal the chemisorptive character of interaction between depocolin and the alloy’s surface. It is shown that bonding between the inhibitor and the copper or alloy surface proceeds through carboxyl groups of depocolin, while the porphyrin cycle does not participate in this interaction.

The results of laboratory investigation of the tribological characteristics of a new grease based on Solidol, a polyurea thickener providing an increase in the dropping point to 118 °C, and a complex of additives are presented. It has been established that the proposed lubricant is efficient in a wider temperature range, provides higher antiwear properties for tribocoupling parts and considerably reduces friction losses during boundary lubrication in comparison with the original grease Solidol. The developed composition of the lubricant grease is supposed to be used when operating road construction machines in the tropical conditions of Vietnam.

The lipid-transfer protein Ns-LTP1 was isolated from Nigella sativa seeds using a complex of chromatographic methods. Its effect on the course of experimental ulcerative colitis in rats was studied. The effect of biologically active peptides classified as lipid-transfer proteins on the course of experimental ulcerative colitis in rats was compared to that of sulfasalazine. It was found that lipid-transfer protein Ns-LTP1 had pronounced antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects on a model of acute experimental colitis in rats and helped to restore body mass and temperature of the animals. This indicated it is promising for creation of a composition based on lipid-transfer protein Ns-LTP1 for therapy of inflammatory diseases of the colon, namely nonspecific ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with unclear etiology. An insufficient amount of data on the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of the disease creates opportunities to research them at the cellular level, including the membrane level. Since the functional state of the cytoplasmic membrane largely depends on protein-lipid interactions, we studied the effect of the proportional ratio of three proteins (glucose transporter, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)) on the level of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine in the erythrocyte membrane of patients with ulcerative colitis during an acute attack. The study involved 51 patients with ulcerative colitis during the acute attack and 26 clinically healthy individuals. The groups are comparable by gender and age to study the proteins of the cytoplasmic membrane, Laemmli electrophoresis technique in polyacrylamide gel was used, followed by an assessment of the intensity of protein bands staining on electropherograms. Phospholipid fractions were obtained using thin-layer chromatography and their content was assessed using the Mathcad 2001 Professional system. Statistical processing was carried out by the program Statistica 10.0 for Windows. Changes of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolcholine levels in patients and healthy individuals are not of the same type and are interrelated with changes in the proportion of membrane proteins of the glucose transporter, GAPDH and GST. The proportions of proteins that affect the level of phospholipids have calculated. In patients with ulcerative colitis, a decrease in the level of the studied membrane lipids have revealed in comparison with the clinically healthy group, in addition, an increase in the proportion of the glucose transporter and a decrease in the proportion of GST have noted. In addition, the relationship between an increase in the level of the cytoplasmic membrane phospholipids in ulcerative colitis and a change in the proportion of GAFDH in a smaller direction, which slows down the process of glucose oxidation, was determined. The obtained data confirm the strengthening of the processes of antioxidant protection and the increased need for energy supply of the cell membrane in patients with ulcerative colitis during an acute attack.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is one of the most common diseases in the group of interstitial lung diseases, which is characterized by persistent progression and poor prognosis. Over the past decade, experts have made significant progress in developing a diagnostic algorithm for IPF patients. This algorithm includes analysis of clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data, primarily the results of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Precise adherence to the diagnostic algorithm and correct interpretation of HRCT data are prerequisites for IPF diagnosis.Specialists of the Tomsk region have developed routing of patients with suspected IPF. The presented clinical case is a successful example of adhering to this algorithm. Wide implementation of modern diagnostic algorithms into diagnosis and treatment of IPF and quality improvement of imaging methods, primarily HRCT, carried out as a part of the differential diagnosis, open up prospects for early diagnosis of this pathology. A timely prescribed antifibrotic therapy (nintedanib, pirfenidone) in IPF allows to slow down pathological progression and improves the prognosis.

The protective effect of water-soluble C60 fullerenes on the development of slow and rapid fatigue of rat skeletal muscles was analyzed. It was found that the reduction of muscle contraction force (muscle soleus) by 50% of the initial values is almost twice as slow as stimulation with a frequency of 1 Hz (slow muscle fatigue) than with 2 Hz (rapid muscle fatigue) stimulation after intramuscular injection of C60 fullerenes (dose 0.5 mg/kg). There is a clear tendency to decrease the values of biochemical parameters of the blood of animals with the therapeutic effect of water-soluble C60 fullerenes by approximately 45-60% and 35-40% with the development of slow and rapid muscle fatigue, respectively. Thus, C60 fullerenes, as powerful antioxidants, are able to efficiently affect the prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis of muscle tissue and thus help maintain its normal physiological state.

Наведені дані щодо впливу монотерапії метформіном та комбінованої терапії метформіном з додаванням фолатів на рівень гомоцистеїну та фолієвої кислоти у хворих зі синдромом полікістозних яєчників. Монотерапія призводила до зниження інсулінорезистентності, індексу НОМА, помірного антиандрогенного ефекту, позитивно впливала на рівні ліпідів, при цьому показники фолієвої кислоти залишались низькими та відмічалось зростання концентрації гомоцистеїну в сироватці крові на 18,3 %. Комбінована терапія не посилювала терапевтичного впливу на вуглеводний обмін та гормональні показники, але призводила до підвищення вмісту фолатів на 12,4 % та зниження рівня гомоцистеїну на 14,3 % порівняно з вихідними значеннями.

The pharmacokinetic properties of a finished dosage form (FDF) of a combination of lappaconitine, glycyrrhizic acid, and methyluracil (LGM) possessing antiarrhythmic activity were studied. The FDF of LGM upon a single intragastric administration in various doses [1680, 3360, and 6720 mg/kg in terms of lappaconitine (LC)] was rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract with the maximum blood-plasma concentration of LC being reached 15 min after drug intake. LC had a short elimination half-life and retention time in the body. The drug was extensively distributed throughout organs and tissues and exhibited tropism for the kidneys, liver, and myocardium. LC was metabolized to form N-deacetyllappaconitine (N-DLC). Its metabolite was detected in urine for at least 72 h, which indicated predominant excretion of the drug through the kidneys. The pharmacokinetic profile of N-DLC was similar to that of LC.

The all-atom three-dimensional structures of novel reversibly switchable flavin-containing proteins with LOV (Light, Oxygen, Voltage) domains, used in ultrahigh-resolution microscopy, have been constructed for the first time using molecular modeling. Primary sequences (rather than spatial models) are known for the protein versions rsLOV1 and rsLOV2. The rsLOV1 and rsLOV2 models have been constructed based on the structure of a photoreceptor protein YtvA from Bacillus subtilis (Protein Data Bank (PDB) ID: 2MWG), with necessary point mutations of amino acid residues. The obtained models are solvated in water shells, and molecular dynamic trajectories are calculated and the dynamic network analysis is performed. It is shown that the dynamic properties of native and mutant structures differ primarily in regard of the Jα helix, which is responsible for signal transmission upon photoexcitation.

Tungstenite of unusual shapes (spheroids, rings, threads, spirals, etc.) was found in scheelite of gold-bearing quartz–carbonate–pyrite–chalcopyrite veins. It is crystallized in the veins in the final part of mineral deposition, after crystallization of sulfides, sulfosalts, and scheelite of several generations against the background of decreasing activity of sulfur. The issue concerning the type of the strong reducing agent of the W6+ → W4+reaction rarely occurring in nature is crucial for the formation of tungstenite. There are no traces of reducing agents, which could be solid or liquid hydrocarbons, in the veins. The unusual shapes of tungstenite aggregates similar to biomorphosеs may be evidence of the existence of microorganisms in the fractured anisotropic medium in scheelite at the boundary of the transition of the quartz part of the vein to the substantially carbonate part. The occurrence of the biomorphоsеs only in scheelite suggests that microorganisms have a W-dependent metabolism, which is observed in extremophiles of the Archaea domain producing a strong reducing agent H2; methanogens producing CH4 coexist in symbiosis with them.

Comparative analysis of the composition of lipid biomarkers (n-alkanes and n-alkan-2-ones) in sphagnum mosses, herbaceous plants, heather dwarf shrubs, and peats of high bogs of Western Siberia was carried out by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. It was shown that different marsh plant species differ in ratios between long-chain n-alkanes, and this fact makes it possible to diagnose the source of these compounds in peat. It was found that sphagnum peats occurring in high bogs formed in different natural and climatic conditions differ in the distribution of n-alkan-2-ones, which can be used for the reconstruction of paleoclimatic conditions.

A combination of two power laws is used to present spectra of electrons in the MeV range of energies, measured during the solar activity minimum in 2007−2008 by the Electron Proton Helium Instrument (EPHIN) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). The power index for electrons with energies higher than 0.7 MeV is γ ≈ 1.5–1.6, testifying to their Jovian origin. For electrons with lower energies, γ ≥ 3.5. In combination with short-term bursts (lasting for 2–3 days) in the intensity of electrons and protons with energies on the order of hundreds of keV (according to data from the Electron Proton Alpha Monitor (EPAM) on board the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) and the Low-nergy Ion and electron (LION) instrument on board the SOHO, respectively), this value suggests that low-energy particles are accelerated in the interplanetary medium.

Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) requires lymphodepletion preconditioning to eliminate immune-suppressive elements and enable efficient engraftment of adoptively transferred tumor-reactive T cells. As anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody depletes CD4+ immune-suppressive cells, the combination of anti-CD4 treatment and ACT has synergistic potential in cancer therapy. Here, we demonstrate a post-ACT conditioning regimen that involves transient anti-CD4 treatment (CD4post). Using murine melanoma, the combined effect of cyclophosphamide preconditioning (CTXpre), CD4post, and ex vivo primed tumor-reactive CD8+ T-cell infusion is presented. CTXpre/CD4post increases tumor suppression and host survival by accelerating the proliferation and differentiation of ex vivo primed CD8+ T cells and endogenous CD8+ T cells. Endogenous CD8+ T cells enhance effector profile and tumor-reactivity, indicating skewing of the TCR repertoire. Notably, enrichment of polyfunctional IL-18Rαhi CD8+ T cell subset is the key event in CTXpre/CD4post-induced tumor suppression. Mechanistically, the anti-tumor effect of IL-18Rαhi subset is mediated by IL-18 signaling and TCR–MHC I interaction. This study highlights the clinical relevance of CD4post in ACT and provides insights regarding the immunological nature of anti-CD4 treatment, which enhances anti-tumor response of CD8+ T cells., Lymphodepleting preconditioning is generally required prior to adoptive T cell therapy (ACT). Here the authors show in a preclinical melanoma model that anti-CD4 treatment as a post-conditioning regimen enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of ACT by promoting the expansion of IL-18Rαhi CD8+ T cells.

Poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS), a high-performance engineering plastic, possesses many desirable characteristics, such as outstanding high-temperature stability, inherent flame resistance, and excellent mechanical properties. Owing to its excellent chemical resistance, the modification of PPS for further applications, such as printed circuit boards (PCBs), is difficult. In this study, a photoinitiated chlorine dioxide radical (ClO2•) was utilized as an oxidant to modify the PPS film surface to improve its hydrophilicity and adhesion properties with different metals. IR and XPS analyses confirmed that oxygen-containing groups are introduced onto the PPS film surface, and its hydrophilicity is improved. Electroless plating was performed to deposit Cu and Ni metals onto the PPS surface, and the strength of adhesion between the polymer and metals was evaluated using a tape test. This novel modification method can be successfully utilized as a pretreatment for electroless plating, showing great potential for application in flexible printed circuits and the automotive industry in the future. Surface oxidation method using chlorine dioxide radical (ClO2•) for poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) was developed. During the oxidation reaction, sulfonyl groups and sulfite groups were successfully introduced to the surface of the PPS films. The water contact angle of the surface of the PPS film decreased dramatically after the oxidation, indicating that the surface hydrophilicity was improved. Electroless plating demonstrates that typical metals could be tightly deposited on the surface of oxidized PPS film and cannot be removed. This method provides an effective, clean, energy-saving treatment for super engineering plastics.

When mixed organic waste is used for hydrogen production by dark fermentation, the microbial community which is most adapted to the actual biopolymer composition of the substrate is auto-selected. In this research, six substrates simulating different biopolymers (proteins, fats, carbohydrates) and their mixtures were used to enrich hydrogen-producing bacteria adapted to these substrates from non-pretreated sewage sludge. Phylum Firmicutes dominated in the microbial community (67–100%) regardless of the substrate used, as was shown by high-throughput sequencing. Microbial diversity was low when using carbohydrate-rich substrates and the microbial community was mainly represented by Ruminococcus (26–90%) and Thermoanaerobacterium (6–67%). Dark fermentation of fats and proteins was characterized by higher microbial diversity. Thermoanaerobacterium (21%), Thermobrachium (19%), Tepidiphilus (16%) and Acetomicrobium (14%) dominated when using fats, while Thermobrachium (34%), Acetomicrobium (16%) and Clostridium sensu stricto 7 (12%) dominated when using proteins, as substrate. Different microbial communities and substrates resulted in diverse process performance and metabolic pathways. Dark fermentation of starch achieved the maximum hydrogen yield of 138 mL/g volatile solids with 60.4% hydrogen content in biogas. The dominance of genus Ruminococcus was thought to be responsible for the highest hydrogen production. Minor quantities of methane from proteins and fats were produced by Methanothermobacter and Methanosarcina. Based upon the stable 13C isotope analysis, the hydrogenotrophic pathway was a slightly more predominant methane formation route than the others considered.

Hydroxyethylated starches are of particular interest for applications in infusion therapy because of their high volemic effect. The duration of this effect depends on the circulation time of the drug in the blood, i.e., the volume of circulating blood increases with an increase in the concentration, molecular weight and degree of polymer substitution. It is known that hydroxyethylated starches have a wide range of molecular weight and degree of substitution. This allows their solutions to circulate for a long time (up to 10 hours) in the bloodstream without leakage of the active substance into the interstitium of vital organs. The dependence of the melting point of the crystalline starch lamella on the number of glucose residues can be described using the modified Fox - Loshaek ratio, which takes into account the degree of branching of amylopectin molecules and the content of amylose in starch. We proposed an analytical expression for the evaluation of the degree of branching of amylopectin from potato starch based on microcalorimetric data. The proposed methodology allows the genotypes of potatoes with the highest degree of amylopectin branching and a minimum quantity of amylose in starch to be selected. Starches of such potato varieties can be used in the blood plasma substitutes production - hydroxyethylated starches that have good pharmacodynamic properties. Within the developed approach, it is possible to determine the effect of the degree of substitution on the thermodynamic properties of the studied starches through a change in the melting temperature of the lamella, Tm, hence estimating the main pharmacodynamic parameters of substituted starches.

The family Apiaceae includes 474 genera and 3992–4050 species that are distributed around the globe. Of all the variety of species, our attention was drawn to the raw material of anise – Anisum vulgare Gaertrn.; fennel – Foeniculum vulgare Mill., which contains derivatives of phenylpropane; coriander – Coriandrum sativum L.; dill – Anethum graveolens L.; caraway – Carum carvi L., which is rich in monoterpenoid derivatives. These plants are widely used in medical practice and known to have antimicrobial, antispasmodic, expectorant, antihypertensive, diuretic, choleretic, carminative effects. This versatility is due to the presence of different groups of biologically active substances in the raw materials of plants. The aim of the research is to determine, by means of gas chromatography, a component composition of fruit tinctures of Anisum vulgare Gaertrn., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Coriandrum sativum L. Anethum graveolens L. and Carum carvi L. Materials and methods. Tinctures were prepared in ratio 1:5 (extractant – 70 % ethyl alcohol) from anise, fennel, coriander, dill, and caraway fruits, which had been harvested in the experimental field of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University in August 2019. Qualitative and quantitative determination of the active compounds was performed using an Agilent 7890B gas chromatograph with a 5977B mass spectrometric detector. The NIST14 mass spectrum library was used to identify the components. Results. It has been revealed that the tinctures of Anisum vulgare Gaertrn., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Coriandrum sativum L. Anethum graveolens L., and Carum carvi L. differ in qualitative and quantitative composition of components of chromato-mass spectrometry. Tinctures of Anethum fructus contain 28 components, among which 8.028 RT (-)-Carvone (52.63 %) and 4.861 RT D-Limonene (17.74 %) prevail. Tinctures of Coriandrum fructus contain 37 components with the highest content of 11,016 RT Benzene, 1-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-4-methyl (20.7 %) and 19.372 RT 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)dec-4-en-3-one (8.57 %). In the tincture of Carum carvi L., which contains 33 components, the following may be considered predominant: 7.988 RT Benzaldehyde, 4-(1-methylethyl) (47.37 %) and 19,311 RT undetermined compound (5.88 %). The tincture of Anisum fructus has 22 components, with the highest content of 8.531 RT Estragole (60.32 %) and 4.852 RT D-Limonene (5.15 %); Foeniculum fructus tincture contains 52 components, among which 5.745 RT Fenchone (15.39 %) and 8.5 RT Anethole (11.37 %) prevail. Conclusions. The results of gas chromatography of fruits of the Apiaceae family significantly expand the information about the chemical composition of raw materials and indicate the prospects for use in pharmaceutical and medical practice. Analyzing the results of gas chromatography, it has been found that tinctures of fruits of the Apiaceae family differ in qualitative and quantitative composition of components. Tinctures of Foeniculum fructus contain 52 components, Coriandrum fructus – 37 components, Carum carvi L. contain 33 components, Anethum fructus – 28 components, Anisum fructus – 22 components. The obtained experimental data can be used to create regulatory documentation for a particular type of medicinal plant raw materials.

The problem of increasing the accuracy of determining the magnetic moment of the potassium 39K nucleus, which is used in studies of the norm and pathology of living tissues by nuclear magnetic resonance methods, is considered. The paper presents experimental results for determining the resonance frequency ratio of water protons and 39K nuclei for KCl and KNO3 solutions at concentrations of 0.5–2.0 mol/kg. NMR signals from water protons and potassium nuclei were recorded simultaneously, which minimizes random and systematic errors in determining the ratio of the resonance frequencies to units of the eighth decimal place. When extrapolating the content of potassium salts in water to zero concentrations for single ions in water, the value of the above resonance frequency ratio was 21.4300226(10). Using the known data for the magnetic moment of the proton and the data for proton shielding in water, we obtained 0.390962111(18). Shielding of potassium ions in water was previously calculated in the work of Antisera and others. When using these data on the shielding of potassium ions in water, the magnetic moment of the potassium core was obtained 0.391471(8). The comparison of the new result for μ(39K) with the data of previous works is discussed.

The fluorination of elementary substances and inorganic and organic compounds with elementary fluorine is accompanied by high heat release (of about hundreds of kilojoules per mol of fluorine), which determines the high probability of their implementation in the unsteady-state temperature mode (combustion or thermal explosion mode) when the temperature of the process products is close to adiabatic, and a significant part of the released heat is removed from the obtained substances outside the reaction zone. If target fluorides are present in the thermodynamically equilibrium mixture of substances in an element system that contains fluorine at a temperature close to the adiabatic temperature, fluorination in the combustion mode is successfully used in industry. Otherwise, it is reasonable to perform fluorination in the steady-state (close to isothermal) temperature mode by removing the heat of the reaction from the reacting mixture directly in the reaction zone. This publication considers the efficiency of application of the steady- and unsteady-state temperature modes in the fluorination of various substances with elementary fluorine.

When writing this overview, a literary search was conducted in open sources in the Russian Federation and abroad on patents issued, overview publications in journals and books focusing on fluorine-based coatings over the past 15 years. We selected references related to fluorine-containing coatings on aluminum and magnesium alloys, on glass and plastics, with good indicators of resistance to corrosion and aggressive factors.

The researches structural, morphological and photoluminescent properties of zinc oxide nanopowders doped by Mg and Ca obtained using pulsed laser reactive technology is carried out. Electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry were conducted to determine the structure, shape, and size of the nanoparticles. Investigation of the peculiarities of photoluminescence in different ambient of Ca- and Mg-doped ZnO nanopowders was carried out. The decomposition of luminescence spectra into elementary bands shows the presence of four elementary peaks. The most intense two bands in visible region which are sensitive to ambient gas, a blue-band centered at 430 nm and stronger in intensity the band around 520 nm. The influence of the impurity and the different ambient on the redistribution of elementary luminescence bands intensities was investigated. That can be used in the gas sensors. The visible emissions observed may be ascribed to the intrinsic defects in particular oxygen vacancies. Large surface area and surface defects are the most important variables to determine the sensory properties of ZnO nanopowders and making them are the most favorable material for gas sensors.

Statement of the problem. The problem of improving the structural and mechanical properties of warm asphalt concrete using the method of polymer-dispersed reinforcement is considered. The effect of the dosage of the RTEP-M modifier in the mineral part of the mixture on the structural and mechanical properties of warm mix asphalt (WMA) was studied. Results. By preparing a warm mix asphalt with mixing and molding samples at a temperature of 110--120 °C with the RTEP-M modifier at a ratio of 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 1.75 % of the mineral part and control mixtures, the effect of the modifier dosage on the structural and mechanical properties of WMA was studied. By testing the samples, the compressive strength of warm asphalt concrete at temperatures of 0.20 and 50 °C was determined, as well as the indicators of average density, water saturation and water resistance.Conclusions. The effectiveness of the application of the method of polymer-dispersed reinforcement to improve the structural and mechanical properties of warm concrete asphalt has been proven. It is shown that the addition of the RTEP-M modifier to the mineral part of the warm mix asphalt improves the strength characteristics of the asphalt concrete. It has been established that by applying the method of polymer-dispersed reinforcement, it is possible to optimize the properties of warm asphalt concrete for its use in cold or hot climatic conditions within the limits of indicators permissible according to the requirements of regulatory documents.

The carbonyl cladding method was employed to produce metal–ceramic TiCrC(Ni) composite powders from double titanium–chromium carbide with 17, 25, and 33 wt.% Ni. To deposit coatings through the plasma, detonation, and high-velocity oxygen fuel spray processes, powder materials of different size fractions, μm, were produced: −80+40, −63+40, and −40+20, respectively. The composite TiCrC(Ni) powder particles were of irregular shape and consisted of a refractory core with 18–26 GPa microhardness, surrounded by a ductile nickel layer. Electron microprobe analysis revealed that the ceramic core included two phases: main TiCrC phase and interspersed Cr7C3 phase. The nickel layer deposited on the titanium–chromium carbide particles became thicker with higher nickel content of the TiCrC(Ni) composite powders and varied from 0.5 to 4 μm. The effect of nickel content on the service properties (apparent density and flowability) of the developed powders was determined. The apparent density of the TiCrC(Ni) powders was not found to substantially depend on their particle size or nickel content and was 2.3–2.6 g/cm3 on average. The flowability of the TiCrC(Ni) powders was found to depend on their particle size and nickel content. The flowability of the TiCrC(Ni) powders improved with increasing particle size and was 41.2–51.4 sec for the −63+40 μm powders and 40.2–47.0 sec for the −80+40 μm powders. The −40+20 μm TiCrC(Ni) powders for oxygen fuel spraying had very poor flowability and thus could be used only for coating deposition units with forced powder supply to the spray area. Their flowability became higher with nickel content of the TiCrC(Ni) composite powders increasing from 17 to 33.5 wt.%.

Reactions of electrochemically generated antimony(V) and tin(IV) complex species containing a tridentate O,N,O-donor ligand with various thiols were studied. Among main group metal complexes with N,N-bis(2-hydroxy-di-3,5-tert-butylphenyl)amine (CatH2–NH–CatH2), compounds [Me2Sn(Cat-N-SQ)] (I), [Et2Sn(Cat-N-SQ)] (II), [Ph2Sn(Cat-N-SQ)] (III), [(c-C6H11)2Sb(Cat-N-Cat)] (IV), and [Ph3Sb(Cat-NH-Cat)] (V) are the most active, able to mediate the oxidation of thiols (1-hexanethiol, cyclohexanethiol, and 4-methoxythiophenol), to symmetrical disulfides were identified. The anodic activation of Sb(V) and Sn(IV) complexes involves organic ligands and gives rise to intermediates that react with thiols. During the mediated electrosynthesis, the initial complex species is regenerated in solution. The use of metal complex mediators decreases the anodic overvoltage of the thiol oxidation in comparison with direct electrochemical synthesis. The yields of products depend on complex and thiol structures or ratio. The highest efficiency in the electrocatalytic reactions was found for the [Ph3Sb(Cat-NH-Cat)] complex, which should be used for the synthesis of disulfides.

The electronic structure and optical properties of intermetallic compounds GdTi0.05MnxFe0.95 – xSi (x = 0, 0.4, 0.6, 0.95) have been investigated in this work. Spin-polarized densities of electronic states and optical conductivity spectra have been calculated by the DFT + U method, taking strong electron correlations in the 4f shell of Gd into account. The optical properties of these materials in the energy range 0.078–4.6 eV have been measured by the ellipsometric method. The nature of the quantized light absorption has been discussed, and a comparison of the experimental and theoretical spectra of the interband optical conductivity has been used. It has been shown that the change in the optical properties of the compounds when iron is substituted for manganese can be interpreted qualitatively based on the calculations of the densities of electronic states.

New data were used to analyze the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the lithological complex and soils of the Siljan impact crater area (Scandinavian Shield, central Sweden). Ten individual unsubstituted PAHs were identified, including diphenyl, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, chrysene, fluoranthene, benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[ghi]perylene, as well as a number of substituted naphthalene homologs. The PAHs were analyzed using the Shpolsky spectroscopy. The studies were carried out at the crater edge (an annular morphostructural depression) and in the adjacent areas. The depression is characterized by traces of hydrothermal activity and modern oil and gas seepages. In the gas seepage area at depths of 267‒485 m, nine out of eleven studied PAHs were identified (concentration from 20 to 890 μg/kg in total) in the igneous rock complex. Sedimentary rocks at depths from 10 to 250 m contain only naphthalene homologs, phenanthrene, and pyrene. The PAH concentration in sedimentary rocks in the oil seepage area is two times higher than in the gas seepage area, and its composition (naphthalene homologs, phenanthrene, pyrene, diphenyl, chrysene) is close to the PAH composition in oil. In general, soils of the crater show a hydrocarbon dispersal halo, which is presumably caused by the oil and gas seepages and traces of hydrothermal activity. Characteristics of this halo are differentiated in space and make it possible to predict hydrocarbon seepages in unexplored areas.

The reaction of ZnSO4·7Н2О with 1,2-bis(2-pyridyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethane (Н2L) and 1‑hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (H4EDP) in an aqueous medium affords complex {[Zn2(H2L)(H2EDP)2(H2O)2]·2H2O}n, which is studied by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. The structure of the complex is determined by X-ray diffraction analysis (CIF file CCDC no. 2043698). The complex has the 1D polymeric structure and represents a zigzag chain in which two zinc(II) cations are joined by two bis(phosphonate) anions into the centrosymmetric binuclear fragments linked by the bridging bis(triazolyl)ethane molecules. The zinc(II) cation additionally coordinates the water molecule and exists in the distorted octahedral coordination environment. The luminescence spectrum of the complex exhibits a broad emission band with a maximum at 408 nm and a quantum yield of 4%.

New the experimental results of thermally stimulated hydrogen release (TCHR) from plane-parallel plates of Ti, Zr, Ni, Pd, Pt metals with various thicknesses (0.05–1 mm), pre-saturated with hydrogen, under linear heating (1 °C s−1) presented. The electrolytic and Sieverts method for saturate were used. Theoretical models for diffusion and desorption hydrogen release from flat metal samples into vacuum with linear heating were developed. In this case, the processes of diffusion and thermal desorption were taken into account to select the optimal conditions and experimental methods. The TSHR spectra simulated using the MATLAB software package to test the consistency of theory with experiment. By modeling in MATLAB using both the developed models and experimental TSHR spectra, the activation energies of desorption, diffusion and decomposition of hydrides, as well as the preexponential factors in the diffusion and kinetic equations, were determined.

In the present study, we report a simple and eco-friendly method for the synthesis and immobilization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) onto functional films using green tea extract as a reducing and capping agent. The freestanding flexible immobilized AgNPs composite was obtained from a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated tea cellulose (TTC) process. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the homogeneous coating of the AgNPs on the surface of the TTC nanofibers. Ag-TTC-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite film was prepared through a simple solvent casting method, which displayed higher antioxidant activity than the TTC-PVA film, and the rate of release of Ag was reduced owing to the immobilized AgNPs. The photocatalytic performance of Ag-TTC-PVA composite film was evaluated along with the investigations of the optical transparency, morphology, and thermal properties. Ag-TTC-PVA composite film showed enhanced photocatalytic property than TTC-PVA film. This study presents a simple approach for the green synthesis of materials with controlled leakage based on Ag-TTC-PVA composite film, which has good potential application prospects in the development for the photocatalytic degradation of certain toxic dyes, thereby paving the way for waste treatment.

In this work, nanocomposites of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with cellulose nanofiber (CNF) were prepared by a solution casting technique. CNF was modified by propionic anhydride (PA) to form surface-propionylated CNF (CNFp) to improve its compatibility with the PMMA matrix. CNF, CNFp, and acetylated CNF were compared with respect to their influence as fillers in PMMA composite films by ultraviolet-visible transmittance, haze values, tensile strength testing, and water contact angle measurement. It was demonstrated that 1 wt % of CNFp has good compatibility and uniform dispersion in the PMMA matrix, as demonstrated by the formation of a smooth surface composite film with good transparency, enhanced tensile properties, improved toughness, and lower wettability. Therefore, PMMA/CNFp composite films have great potential for use in several applications such as lightweight transparent materials, window substitutes, and see-through packaging.

The results of studying the effects of water-alcohol infusions of medicinal plants - rhizomes of thick-leafed incense (Bergenia crasslifolia L. Fritsch), dioica nettle leaves (Urtica dioca L.), burdock roots (Arctium lappa L.), and mother-and-leaf leaves - are presented. ordinary machichi (Tussilago farfara L.) on the organism of laboratory rats under conditions of short-term intoxication with heavy metals in doses of 25 mg of lead and 2.5 mg of cadmium per 1 kg of live weight. In the course of studies it was found that the effect of heavy metals on the body of laboratory animals is selective - the main “depot” of lead was bone tissue, and cadmium - the kidneys and liver. The addition of 1 ml of water-alcohol infusions from medicinal raw materials to the diet of rats as detoxicants caused a decrease in the level of lead in the animal organism to 6.32 times, cadmium to 3.46 times. The greatest detoxification ability was shown by infusions of the roots of burdock and leaves of nettle dioecious. Under the influence of elevated doses of lead and cadmium in laboratory animals there was an increase in heart mass by 40.34 % and spleen by 89.91 %, a decrease in the content of alkaline phosphatase in blood serum by 25.81 %. Water-alcohol infusions normalized the biochemical parameters of rat blood serum. Studies have shown that the infusions of rhizomes of thick-leafed frangipani, burdock roots, dioecious nettles and coltsfoot leaves with antioxidant properties can be the basis for the development of an effective herbal preparation used for the prevention and treatment of animals from intoxication with salts of heavy metals.

Underground Valerian roots (Vаlеrіаnае radix) are officinal raw materials. More than 1000 compounds were detected in Valeriana officinalis L. s.l., of which no less than 500 natural substances of organic and inorganic origin were identified, among them – carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, vitamins, enzymes, phenolic compounds, essential oil, iridoids, alkaloids, steroids. The aerial part of Valerian is a source of various flavonoids with pronounced antioxidant properties and specific pharmacotherapeutic activity. The aim of the research is to determine, by means of gas chromatography, component composition of Valerian tinctures, made of the aerial part of V. tuberosa L., V. stolonifera Czern (Kantserivska balka, Zaporizhzhia region, Ukraine) and V. officinalis L. (Łódź, Bydgoszcz, Poland). Materials and methods. Tincture samples of the aerial part of wild species V. tuberosa L., V. stolonifera Czern (Kantserivska balka, Zaporizhzhia region), and V. officinalis L. (the experimental site of ZSMU; Łódź and Bydgoszcz in Poland) were selected for experimental studies according to the traditional production recipe for making tinctures (1 : 5). Component composition of the tinctures was studied using a 7890B gas chromatograph with a 5977B mass spectrometer detector. Results. By means of chromato-mass spectrometry, component composition of the Valerian tinctures has been identified, namely: in the tincture prepared from the aerial part of V. officinalis (Łódź, Poland) 54 components have been identified, V. tuberosa – 50; V. stolonifera – 46 and V. officinalis (Bydgoszcz, Poland) – 30. The chromatogram analysis of four Valerian tinctures helped to identify 118 components, 5 of which were present in all studied tinctures; 12 components were present in three tinctures; 22 components have been found in two tinctures. It should be noted that 10 components have been found in the tinctures in large quantities, their content ranging from 10.91 % to 30.02 %. Conclusions. Analyzing the obtained data of the GC, it can be seen that Valerian tinctures differ both in quantitative and qualitative composition. From the aerial part of Valeriana officinalis, prepared in Łódź and Bydgoszcz in Poland, 17 components coincide. In the tinctures, prepared from herbs collected in Ukraine, 10 components coincide. The highest content of Butanoic acid, 3-methyl – from 4.01 % to 16.78 %; 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)- – from 0.47 % to 7.09 %; Dihydroxyacetone – from 0.37 % to 5.69 % and Quinic acid – from 0.30 % to 4.66 % in all four tinctures by peak areas and retention time should be marked. In three tinctures Cyclododecane, 1,5,9-tris(acetoxy)- has been identified in amount of 30.56 % to 14.56 %. The obtained results confirm the expediency of using the aerial part of Valeriana officinalis as raw material with a large commodity yield and various contents of biologically active substances for further pharmacognostic researches for the purpose of creation of new medicines and phytopreparations

Modern preparations of milk thistle have been used since 1960−1970s. By their chemical nature, the active substances of milk thistle are flavonoids (flavonolignans). The preparations used are both the milk thistle flavonolignan complex (silymarin) and the most active individual substance (silybin). Preparations based on silymarin and silybin are in demand in clinical practice as hepatoprotectors; however, their serious drawbacks are low water solubility and bioavailability, which significantly reduces their therapeutic potential. In this regard, nano- and microforms of silymarin/silybin are being actively developed. The review provides information on the sources of obtaining, chemical structure, and biological activity of silymarin and silybin. The main known nano- and microforms of silymarin and silybin are considered, and the methods for their obtaining are described. These forms are obtained using one or a combination of several technological methods: dispersion, dissolution in suitable solvents, formation of inclusion complexes and solid dispersions, chemical modification, etc. The developed forms of silymarin/silybin are nanocrystals, solid dispersions, solid lipid systems, inclusion complexes, dendrisomes, liposomes, nano- and microemulsions, polymer particles, and nanocomposites. Each of these forms has a number of advantages, which, in general, include an increase in the solubility and bioavailability of silybin, prolonged/controlled release from nano- and microstructures, and an increase in stability. The development of nano- and microforms of silymarin and silybin made it possible to obtain compositions with improved physicochemical characteristics and biopharmaceutical properties, as well as a higher specific activity (including hepatoprotective, antitumor, antiviral, and antimicrobial activity), which gives grounds for expanding the therapeutic range of ​​application of drugs of this group.

The possibility of selective recovery of palladium(II) and platinum(IV) in the batch mode with heterochain complexing sorbents of polycondensation type from hydrochloric acid solutions simulating spent leaching solutions of spent industrial catalysts and mother liquor after ammonium hexachloroplatinate precipitation was examined. At 19°C and phase contact time of 2 h, the sorbent with 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine and dimethylene sulfide functional groups recovers more than 99.9% of palladium(II) of the simulated solution from leaching APK-2 catalyst (sorption capacity ЕPd = 501 mg g–1) and 97–98% of platinum(IV) from the simulated solution of leaching the platinum–nickel catalyst (EPt = 86 mg g–1) with the selective separation of Pd(II) from Al(III) and of Pt(IV) from Al(III) and Ni(II). Polymethylene monosulfide at 80°C and phase contact time of 3 h recovers almost completely recovers palladium(II) (ЕPd = 34 mg g–1) and 95% of platinum(IV) (EPt = 6 mg g–1) from the simulated mother liquor with selective separation of the platinum metals from the concomitant elements Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), and Sn(IV).

A virtual set of new lactam-containing derivatives of arylsulfonylglycines 1a–d and 2a–d was designed and analyzed using structure–activity computer models (web-services PASS Online, AntiBac-Pred, and GUSAR Acutetoxicity). The antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus along with low toxicity was predicted for these derivatives. Compounds 1a–d and 2a–d were synthesized by the reactions of N-trimethylsilyl lactams with 4-substituted [(phenyl)sulfonyl]aminoacetyl chlorides. The structures of new compounds were confirmed by IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis data. According to the results of studies in vitro, compounds 1a–d and 2a–d efficiently suppress the growth of S. aureus. Lactam-containing benzenesulfonamides bearing the bromine atom or methyl or nitro group at position 4 manifested the most pronounced activity.

Peculiarities of the pharmacokinetics of mafedine sodium salt upon intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intravenous (i.v.) administration to laboratory mice were studied. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for its quantitative determination was proposed. Mafedine sodium salt was found to have a short biological elimination half-life after both i.p. and i.v. administration (15.73 and 6.98 min, respectively) and high i.p. bioavailability (~94%). Features of the alpha-2-adrenomimetic activity of mafedine sodium salt could be elucidated by further searches for and investigations of its metabolites and their pharmacokinetics.

Patent literature of the past 15 years dealing with waterborne coatings used for painting metal surfaces was reviewed. Based on the physicomechanical testing results reported in the patents surveyed, a comparative analysis of the physicomechanical characteristics of the waterborne coating materials proposed was carried out, current trends in their development were identified, and a conclusion concerning the most promising development directions in this area was made. Selected for survey were patents relating to metal coatings with good resistance to corrosion and aggressive external factors.

5-Hydroxy-6-methyluracil was found to be oxidized by molecular oxygen in an alkaline aqueous solution. The effect of temperature, concentration of alkali and oxygen on the reaction rate was revealed by UV spectroscopy and differential manometry. The reaction stoichiometry with respect to oxygen approaches 1 with an increase in the alkali concentration. Using methylated model compounds, it was shown that the consumption of 5-hydroxy-6-methyluracil in an aqueous alkaline medium is associated with the formation of the anionic form at the hydroxyl group.

The synthesis of oxovanadium(IV) complex with 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (H4EDP) anion and bis(2-pyridyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methane (H2L) is described. The reaction of VOSO4 with H4EDP and H2L followed by neutralization of the reaction mixture with Et3N gives the trinuclear complex [(VO)4(H2L)2(EDP)2(H2O)2]·4H2O (I), which was studied by IR and ESR spectroscopy. The molecular and crystal structures of complex I were determined by X-ray diffraction (CIF file CCDC no. 2022772).

Binuclear non-symmetrical phosphor(ɪɪɪ)arene macrocyclic phosphonite bearing different aromatic fragments (Ar1 ≠Ar2) was synthesized using two different bisphenols (4,4′-iminodiphenol and 4,4′-methylenediphenol) as the starting material. The characteristic properties of the synthesized macrocycle that confirm its structure, in particular, oxidation and sulfurization reactions, were studied.