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Copolymers of butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate with vinyl butyl ether in excess at reflux of the latter were synthesized under comparable conditions gradually adding acrylic monomers to the reaction mixture. Azobisisobutyronitrile or a triethylborane—oxygen initiating system was used as the initiator. The molar ratio of the monomer units was determined for the isolated polymers by IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The 13C NMR spectra of the copolymers were interpreted in order to determine the degree of alternation of units. The microheterogeneity coefficients and average lengths of sequences of the same chain units determined from the 13C NMR spectra indicate that the copolymer with butyl acrylate has a microstructure close to the alternation of the ether and ester units in the chain, whereas in the copolymer with methyl methacrylate this structure is pronounced to a lower extent.

The article presents the results of studies on the effect of a bio-correcting food supplement on functional and technological properties of model liver-based pate systems. The supplement included components that are domestic resource-saving sources with predictable biopotential and consumer properties. The food-fortifying supplement was added to the model pate systems in the amount of 10–30%. The aim of the research is to study the effect of bio-correcting supplement on functional and technological properties of liver pate products. Technology of preparing model minced meat systems, along with traditional operations, included the stage of introducing a bio-correcting supplement into the cutter. It has been found that dry supplement components must be hydrated when used in the composition of pate recipes. The process of hydration of the enriching supplement was carried out with drinking water in the ratio of 1:2, and was stirred to a homogeneous state, then kept at the temperature of 19 ± 5°C for 10–15 minutes. That corresponded to the state of saturation of the system biopolymers with moisture and achievement of a pasty consistency, similar to that of pate masses. In the course of the research it was found that the model compositions had higher indicators of functional and technological properties compared with the control ones. The enriching additive in the composition of liver pate increased up to 30% compared with the samples prepared according to the traditional recipe: the moisture-binding capacity by 11–20%, the water-holding capacity by 20–25%, and the emulsifying capacity by 9–14%. The results obtained indicate the possibility of a targeted influence of the additive components on the functional and technological properties of liver pate. When a bio-correcting additive is included in liver pates, the pates get enriched with high-grade protein, vitamins, minerals and essential substances; organoleptic properties of finished products improve; calorie content of products reduces; functional, technological, structural and mechanical properties improve; the risk of broth-fat edema and moisture release from food products reduces; thermal losses decrease and the yield of finished products increases; a new product line of pates with high biopotential and consumer properties is obtained.

To this date there have been no studies of subclinical atherosclerosis in the patients with calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease (CPPD); in osteoarthritis (OA) such works are rare.Objective: to assess the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis of carotid arteries (CA) in patients with CPPD and OA.Patients and methods. The case-control study included 26 patients with CPPD and OA. The diagnosis of CPPD was based on the criteria of D.J. McCarty, diagnosis of OA was based on national clinical practice guidelines. We recorded data on smoking, blood pressure level. Assessed blood lipid spectrum, serum levels of glucose, creatinine, uric acid, CRP. Obesity was diagnosed in accordance with the WHO recommendations. All patients underwent CA Doppler ultrasonography (DUS). An increase in intima-media thickness (IMT) >0.9 mm was considered a manifestation of subclinical atherosclerosis. The SCORE index was calculated for all patients.Results and discussion. The median serum CRP level was comparable in CPPD and OA. The CRP level >5 mg/L was detected in 8 patients with CPPD and in 3 patients with OA (p=0.09). Initial signs of atherosclerosis were present in 11 (42%) patients with CPPD and in 8 (31%) patients with OA (p=0.39). In CPPD, an increase in IMT was associated with a CRP level of ≥5 mg/L in 19% of cases, and in OA – in 12.5% (p=0.08). An increase in IMT >1.3 mm was not found in patients of both groups.Conclusion. In patients with CPPD and OA, subclinical atherosclerosis is often present according to the CA ultrasound. Early detection of uncomplicated subclinical atherosclerosis in CPPD and OA is necessary for timely initiation of treatment aimed to prevent the progression of atherosclerosis and the development of cardiovascular diseases.

The solution to the problem of negative impact on the ecology of fossil fuel consumption is the use of electrochemical energy sources. The special attractiveness has shown of lithium power sources is highlighted and the need to develop new cheap electrode materials and electrolytes with unique properties. The peculiarities of the behavior of lithium and the formation of a layer of reaction products on its surface upon contact with a liquid organic electrolyte have considered. The analysis of the main problems and ways of their solution at use of conversion electrodes of the II type for lithium-ion batteries has carried out. Emphasis is placed on the need to use in the development of new electrode materials of such parameters as capacity loading and accumulated irreversible capacity of the electrodes. The triad “electrode – solid electrolyte interphase – electrolyte” is considered as a basis of a systematic approach to the creation of new generations of lithium power sources. The optimal scenarios have proposed for the formation of an effective solid electrolyte interphase on the surface of the electrodes. The advantages of electrolytes based on fluoroethylene carbonate with synergistic acting additives of vinylene carbonate and ethylene sulfite are described. A new strategy for the use of “secondary” silicon nanomaterials to prevent direct contact of its surface with the electrolyte has considered. It has shown that the solid electrolyte interphase is a dynamic system that self-organizes from the unstable state into a stable one. The electrochemical behavior of electrodes with silicon nanocomposites with high capacity loading and low accumulated irreversible capacity has described.

A technology for catalytic hydroprocessing of oil residues – atmospheric residue and vacuum residue – aimed to obtain high value added petrochemicals, particularly marine fuel complying with modern technical and environmental requirements, is reported. The technologyis based on the use of catalysts supported on alumina with a hierarchical structure of meso- and macropores, which are highly active and stable under severe conditions of the process. Data obtained by physicochemical analysis of the chemical composition, textural and phase properties of fresh and spent catalysts for the three-step hydroprocessing of atmospheric residue and vacuum residue are presented. A material balance for each step of the processes and a comprehensive analysis of the properties of produced petrochemicals were used to propose variants of implementing and integrating the technology at Russian oil refineries in order to increase the profit from oil refining. The introduction of the hydroprocessing of atmospheric residue at oil refineries without secondary processes will improve the economic efficiency due to selling the atmospheric residue by 84–170 % depending on a chosen scheme of the process and a required set of products. It is reasonable to integrate the catalytic hydroprocessing of vacuum residue with the delayed coking, catalytic cracking and hydrocracking processes in order to increase the depth of refining to 95 % and extend the production of marketable oil refining products: gasoline, diesel fuel, marine fuel with the sulfur content below 0.5 %, and low-sulfur refinery coke for the electrode industry. The integration of the hydroprocessing of vacuum residue with the secondary processes will increase the economic efficiency from selling the vacuum residue by a factor of 2–2.5 in comparison with its production in delayed coking units.

The effect of electron-beam irradiation on the properties of metal-insulator-semiconductor Al/SiO2/n-Si structures is investigated by the method of measurement of the capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics. It is found that charging phenomena and the formation of new centers at the SiO2-Si interface in structures based on n-Si become visible at substantially higher irradiation doses than in the case of p-Si. A decrease in the effective donor concentration as a result of irradiation is revealed. This can be explained by the passivation of phosphor with hydrogen. Annealing for 10 minutes at a temperature of 100°C results in recovery of the effective donor concentration, and after annealing at 250°C, complete reconstruction of the C–V curves to the initial state is observed.

The reaction of 1,1,1-trifluoro-4-methoxy-3-penten-2-one (L1) with 1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol affords N,N'-(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl)bis(trifluoroacetylacetimine) (H3L2) in a yield of 82%. In the absence of additional bases, the synthesized N2O3 ligand reacts with copper(II) acetate to give the binuclear complex [Cu2L2(OAc)] (I), the structure of which is determined by X-ray structure analysis (CIF file CCDC no. 2071133).

Powders of cerium-containing hydroxyapatites (Ce–HA) with an estimated cerium concentration of up to 0.5 mol % have been synthesized. The phase formation and luminescent properties of the compounds after heat treatment in oxidizing and reducing atmospheres have been investigated. It has been shown that a high HA luminescence intensity can be achieved by preventing the cerium(III) → cerium(IV) transition in a reducing atmosphere at 900–1200°C, as well as by cosubstitution of Ce3+ and Li+ ions for Ca2+ ions to compensate for the excess charge of the additive. The dependence of the luminescence intensity of materials on the heat treatment temperature and cerium concentration is shown.

Annotation. The aim of research is to study correlations of biochemical parameters with glomerular filtration rate according to Cockcroft-Gault, CKD EPI and cystatin C in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). 78 men and 62 women aged 22-26 years with T1D were examined. The control group consisted of 8 almost healthy men and 13 almost healthy women of the same age. The level of microalbuminuria and cystatin C was determined in all patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Biochemical evaluation of fasting blood glucose, glucose 2 h after exercise, mean value of glucose, creatinine, GFR according to Cockcroft-Gault, CKD EPI and GFR according to cystatin C. Correlation analysis between the series of indicators was calculated using Spearman statistics in the license package “Statistica 5.5”. In patients with T1D, there is no significant correlation in normoalbuminuria between urinary albumin levels and GFR by Cockcroft-Gault (in women), CKD EPI and cystatin C (in all study groups). No significant correlations were found between urinary albumin levels and GFR by Cockcroft-Gault, CKD EPI and cystatin C in the proteinuria group. The correlation analysis revealed in the general group and in women with proteinuria an association between the average value of blood glucose and low GFR levels by Cockcroft-Gault, CKD EPI (negative medium strength correlation r = from -0.31 to -0.46) and elevated creatinine (positive strong correlation r=0.62 and r=0.91), indicating an unfavorable role of hyperglycemia in the development of nephropathy in patients with T1D. Higher correlations of cystatin C with GFR by cystatin C (r= -1.0) than by creatinine with GFR by Cockcroft-Gault (r = from - 0.63 to 0.99) and by CKD EPI (r = from -0.73 to -0.99) were demonstrated. The strength of the correlations increases from GFR by Cockcroft-Gault to GFR by cystatin C. Correlations between creatinine and GFR by Cockcroft-Gault and CKD EPI were characterized by sex differences (greater in women) and an increase in their strength synchronously with an increase in urinary microalbumin. At the same time, there is a consistently high identical value (r= -1.0) of correlations of the level of cystatin C with GFR on cystatin C in all comparison groups. Neither the sex factor nor the degree of albuminuria affected the change in their strength. Only men with microalbuminuria had moderate feedback between creatinine and cystatin C (r= -0.46). In all groups of women, in the general group and in men with normoalbuminuria and proteinuria, the correlations are close to zero, which may indicate the absence of a linear relationship between these indicators. When dividing the sample according to the level of cystatin C between the level of creatinine and the level of cystatin C, the following were found: medium feedback (r= -0.37) in the general group with normoalbuminuria and cystatin C>0.9; moderate feedback (r= -0.37) in the general group and in men with proteinuria and cystatin C

Background. Previously, the antitumor activity of nanocomplexes (NCs) containing nanoparticles of rare earth metal orthovanadates GdYEuVO4 and cholesterol has been approved when applied in 9:1 ratio (the cells-to-NCs), which can be considered as a conditionally therapeutic dose. Therefore, studying the potential risks of NCs exposure in terms of functional activity of hematopoietic progenitor cells is relevant. Рurpose – determining a toxic effect of NCs on functional activity of hematopoietic cells of bone marrow (BM). Materials and Methods. The study was performed in BM cells of CBA/H mice. Nanocomplexes were synthesized at Institute for Scintillation Materials of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. BM cells with NCs were incubated in the ratios as follows: 9BM:1NCs; 1BM:1NCs; 1BM:9NCs, followed by assessing the number of apoptotic/necrotic cells in BM using FITC Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit I (BD, USA) by means of “FACS Calibur” flow cytometer (“BD”, USA). Hematopoietic progenitor cells of BM were functionally evaluated in vivo by determining the content of colony-forming units of the spleen (CFUs) and the number of myelokaryocytes in lethally irradiated recipients on day 8 after administering BM cells, pre-incubated with NCs. Survival of irradiated recipient mice after BM administration was recorded 12 days long. Results and discussion. The dose-dependent effect of functional potential in- hibition for BM hematopoietic progenitor cells under NCs influence has been established. Although, in vitro processing the BM cells with a conditionally therapeutic dose of NCs (9BM:1NCs) before administration to irradiated animal caused remodeling of cell membranes and contributed to apoptotic manifes- tations, but it did not lead to strong changes in their colony-forming potential and did not reduce the number of BM cells in animals if compared with the introduced BM cells without NCs treatment. Increasing the NCs concentration five- and tenfold significantly reduced the colony-forming potential of BM cells, caused BM hypoplasia and a crucial reduction in the survival of recipient animals, indicating possible toxic effects of this compound when administered at high concentrations. Conclusions. The toxic effect of NCs is detected only when certain concen- trations, significantly exceeding the conditionally therapeutic dose previously determined when treating the experimental oncology diseases, are used., Актуальність. Протипухлинна активність нанокомплексів (НК), що містять наночастинки ортованадатів рідкісноземельних металів (GdYEuVO4) та холестерин була доведена раніше. Їх застосування у спів- відношенні – клітини : НК – 9:1, може вважатися умовно-терапевтичною дозою. Тому актуальним є дослідження потенційних ризиків впливу НК щодо функціональної активності гемопоетичних клітин-попередників. Мета роботи – визначення токсичного впливу нанокомплексів на функціональну активність гемопоетичних клітин кісткового мозку (КМ). Матеріали та методи. Дослідження були виконані на клітинах КМ мишей лінії СВА/Н. Нанокомплекси були синтезовані в Інституті сцинтиляційних матеріалів НАН України. Інкубацію клітин КМ з НК проводили у співвідношеннях – 9КМ:1НК; 1КМ:1НК; 1КМ:9НК, після цього визначали кількість апоптотичних/некротичних клітин у КМ за допомогою FITC Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit I (BD, США) на проточному цитофлуориметрі «FACS Calibur» («BD», США). Функціональну оцінку гемопоетичних клітин-попередників КМ проводили in vivo шляхом визначення вмісту колонієутворюючих одиниць селезінки (КУОс) і кількості мієлокаріоцитів у летально опромінених реципієнтів на 8-му добу після введення їм клітин КМ, попередньо інкубованих з НК. Облік виживаності опромінених мишей-реципієнтів після введення їм КМ здійснювали протягом 12 діб. Результати та їх обговорення. Встановлено дозозалежний ефект інгібіції функціонального потенціалу гемопоетичних клітин-попередників КМ під впливом НК. Обробка in vitro клітин КМ умовно-терапевтичною дозою НК (9КМ:1НК) перед введенням опроміненим тваринам хоча і викликала перебудову мембран клітин та сприяла апоптотичним проявам, але не призводила до значущих змін їх колонієутворюючого потенціалу і не зменшувала кількість клітин КМ у стегні в опромінених тварин у порівнянні з введенням клітин КМ без обробки НК. Підвищення концентрації НК в 5 і 10 разів значно знижувало колонієутворюючий потенціал клітин КМ, викликало гіпоплазію КМ і суттєве зниження виживаності тварин- реципієнтів, що свідчить про можливий токсичний вплив цієї сполуки при введенні у високих концентраціях. Висновки. Токсична дія НК виявляється тільки при застосуванні певних їх концентрацій, які значно перевищують умовно-терапевтичну дозу, визначену раніше при лікуванні експериментальних онкозахворюваннь.

Mononuclear copper(ii) complexes were synthesized based on fluorinated diketonates decorated with a carbonyl or acetal group. The X-ray diffraction data demonstrate the effect of the nature of the fluorinated substituent on the crystal structure of homoleptic copper(ii) complexes. As opposed to 1,2,4-triketonate, the acetal moiety of 1,3-diketonate enables intermolecular coordination to the metal centers, thereby making it possible to use 1,3-diketonate in further synthesis of heterometallic structures.

Developing titanium dioxide (TiO2) samples able to absorb and effectively utilize both ultraviolet radiation and visible light will lead to considerable reduction in costs of photocatalytic purification of natural and waste waters. Using the sol–gel method, we synthesized nanoscale titanium dioxide samples doped with nitrogen or co-doped with nitrogen and iron ions, with the samples having a narrower band gap of 2.59–2.99 eV. The synthesized N-TiO2 and (Fe,N)-TiO2 samples and the standard titanium dioxide Degussa P-25 are compared in terms of their activities in photocatalytic oxidation of aqueous salicylic acid solutions (0.2 mmol/L, pH 4) by dissolved oxygen or hydrogen peroxide upon irradiation with light from a SVD-120 lamp (λ > 200 nm) or a metal-halide GE CMH70 lamp (λ > 360 nm). The relative photocatalytic activity of doped TiO2 samples in oxidation of aqueous salicylic acid solutions depends on their iron content (0–1% Fe), the type of oxidant used, and the irradiation conditions. In photocatalytic oxidation with oxygen, samples N-TiO2 (λ > 200 nm) and (Fe,N)-TiO2 (1.0% Fe) (λ > 360 nm) exhibit the highest degree of mineralization of salicylic acid among the doped TiO2 samples, while (Fe,N)-TiO2 (0.5% Fe) is the most effective in degradation of salicylic acid by hydrogen peroxide. Using hydrogen peroxide raises the degree of photocatalytic mineralization of salicylic acid in the presence of any of the synthesized samples under both types of irradiation conditions, compared to its oxidation by dissolved oxygen. In addition, the use of H2O2 levels off the differences in the activity between synthesized TiO2 samples with different doping level of iron that are observed in the O2/TiO2/UV photocatalytic system upon irradiation with UV–visible light (λ > 200 nm), while the extent of salicylic acid degradation in the presence of most active synthesized catalysts is considerably closer to that achieved with the standard photocatalyst.

The synthesis of alkali metal and copper(ii) 1-polyfluoroalkyl-4,4-dimethoxypentane-1,3-dionates is reported. The subsequent treatment of these compounds with oxalic acid or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt affords functionalized 1,3-diketones. The nature of the polyfluoroalkyl substituent was found to affect the conditions of the Claisen condensation and the stability of the acetal group in acidic medium.

An X-ray reflectivity analysis has shown that the composition of liquid substrates affects the structure of deposited Nafion (Teflon copolymer) films. A model of Nafion monomer, developed based on small-angle X-ray scattering data, is used to interpret the results of X-ray reflectivity analysis.

There were highly-filled composites, based on (polypropylene) PP and containing 5 – 50 % mass. of calcite concentrate (CC), consisting in highly-dispersed calite powder, modified with organic compounds. It is established, that value for organic part content in CC was 24 % mass. CC and highly-flowing PP was used for process of concentrate granulation process. It is shown, that, when at increase of CC’s contents values, those ones of viscosity for compositions melts decreases simultaneously, dissonating with traditional laws for polymer melt flows, when those are intrisically and typically increasing. It is established, that melt flow index values, when at increase of CC contents for those ones, increasing also – from 3.1 g/10 min for pure PP, to 6,6 g/10 min for composition of 50 % mass. CC. It is discovered, that CC is having influence on melt and crystallization processes of PP. When at low (5 % mass.) and middle (10 – 20 % mass.) of CC contents values, there are meling and crystallization temperatures increasing – from 168 °C to 169 – 170 °C and from 115 °C to 117 – 118 °C, accordingly, and melting temperature range is narrowing – from 42 °C pure PP) to 38 – 34 °C, for composites of CC contents values of 30 – 50 % mass., accordingly, and crystallization temperature range – from 18 °C (pure PP, 0 % CC), to 16 – 15 °C, for composites of high CC contents values, accordingly also. There are increasing of phase transitions temperatures exists, pointing on formation of more large and perfect crystallites, however, narrowing in those ones range points on creation of more dimensionally uniform such of supermolecular structures. Such influence for CC on rheological behavior and temperature characteristics of phase transitons phenomena links with plastyfying effect of modifier‘s chains on CC surfaces of particles, and, simultaneously, at presence of highly-flowing PP as base polymer in. CC injection making some decrease here, namely for activation energy values for oxidative thermodestruction, this phenomen is expaining with more decrease of bounding degree in system, causing with presence of modifier additions in system, and one have influence on.

Telomere length can be measured by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), allowing to obtain the absolute length of telomeres (ALT) in base pair, and by flow cytometry, which can only estimate the relative telomere length. The aim of the study was to compare the results of the two methods and to develop an accurate and reliable way of converting the relative telomere length to absolute. The peripheral blood from 21 donors was analyzed. Measurement of leukocyte telomere length by flow cytometry was carried out using a commercial Telomere PNA Kit / FITC (Dako, Denmark) with two CytoFLEX flow cytometers (Beckman Coulter, China) and BD FACSCanto II (Becton Dickinson, USA), obtaining the molecular equivalent of fluorescence (MEF). To measure telomere length by real-time PCR, calibrators with a known number of telomeric repeats were prepared. Two quantitative PCRs were carried out: one for telomeric repeats, the other for determining the number of genome-equivalents of DNA, three times for each sample, which made it possible to calculate ALT. A strong direct relationship was found between the MEF obtained with BD FACSCanto II and CytoFLEX (r = 0.97). Analysis of PCR and flow cytometry results showed a significant correlation between ALT and MEF. We calculated the regression equations of ALT and MEF for CytoFLEX - y = 0.0043x (r = 0.84) and for BD FACSCanto II - y = 0.0051x (r = 0.82). Correlation analysis showed a high comparability of telomere lengths measured by two methods. The obtained regression equations allow converting the results of flow cytometry into absolute values, allowing the comparison of the results of different research groups and the use of this method in clinical trials.

Even partial replacement of graphite in the anode of lithium-ion batteries with silicon can significantly increase their specific energy. But the issue is the insufficient life cycle of such batteries due to the accelerated degradation of the liquid organic electrolyte with traditional lithium hexafluorophosphate, especially at elevated temperatures. The subject of discussions and further research are the processes involving a natural oxide layer on the surface of silicon in the manufacture and electrochemical litiation–delitiation of Si-containing electrodes. Among the most promising areas for solving the issues of practical application of silicon are new additives to the electrolyte and polymeric binders for electrode masses. This paper demonstrates the capability of trimethylsilylisocyanate (with aminosilane and isocyanate functional groups) as an additive to a liquid organic electrolyte (LiPF6 / fluoroethylene carbonate + ethyl methyl carbonate + vinylene carbonate + ethylene sulfite) to scavenge the reactive HF and PF5 species that alleviates the thermal decomposition of fluoroethylene carbonate at elevated temperatures. This makes it possible to increase the electrochemical parameters of half-cells with a hybrid graphite–nanosilicon working electrode when using water-based binders – carboxymethylcellulose and styrene-butadiene rubber. The addition of trimethylsilylisocyanate in the electrolyte significantly improves the reversible capacity of hybrid electrodes and reduces the accumulated irreversible capacity during prolonged cycling at normal temperature and after exposure at 50 °C, therefore to be effective for use in high-energy lithium-ion batteries.

Annotation. The aim of the study was to examine the differences in lipid, carbohydrate metabolism and renal function in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) with different levels of albumin in the urine depending on the level of cystatin C. The sample was 78 men and 62 women aged 22-26 years, T1D patients. The control group consisted of 8 almost healthy men and 13 almost healthy women of the same age. The level of microalbuminuria and cystatin C was determined in all patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Biochemical evaluation of fasting glucose, fasting blood glucose, glucose 2 h after exercise, mean value of glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, GFR according to Cockcroft-Gault, CKD EPI and GFR according to cystatin C. Statistical processing of the obtained results was performed in the license package “Statistica 5.5”, using non-parametric evaluation methods. In T1D patients compared to the control group found significantly higher values – fasting blood glucose, glucose 2 hours after exercise, the average value of glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol and triglycerides, cystatin C and lower values – international normal ratio, GFR according to Cockcroft-Gault, GFR by CKD EPI and GFR by cystatin C. With increasing levels of albumin in urine in patients with cystatin C0.9 there were changes in the level of the following indicators: higher values – fasting blood glucose and triglycerides in women with proteinuria compared with women with normoalbuminuria, and glycated hemoglobin and total cholesterol compared with and microalbuminuria; international normal ratio in men with microalbuminuria, compared with men with normoalbuminuria; and smaller values – GFR level by Cockcroft-Gault in men with microalbuminuria compared to men with normoalbuminuria; GCF levels by Cockcroft-Gault in women with proteinuria compared to women with microalbuminuria and GFR levels by CKD EPI in women with proteinuria compared to women with normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria. With increasing levels of cystatin C, a decrease in glycated hemoglobin in men and women with microalbuminuria and triglycerides in women with microalbuminuria, as well as greater values of the international normal ratio in men with normoalbuminuria and GFR on cystatin C in men and women with normoalbuminuria and micro. Thus, the study obtained results that indicate the existence of differences in the studied indicators between healthy and sick subjects, between men and women and between groups of T1D patients’ men or women with different levels of albumin and cystatin C.

Heteroligand europium(III) complexes with o-methylbenzoic acid and neutral N- and P-organic compounds were obtained and characterized by chemical analysis, thermogravimetry, and IR spectroscopy. During the thermolysis of the complex compounds, a neutral ligand molecule is detached in one stage with an endothermic effect; the complex compounds are stable up to 240°C. According to IR spectroscopy data, bidentate-bridging coordination of the acid anion to the central europium(III) ion is realized in heteroligand europium(III) o-methylbenzoates.

The Chauvai Hg-Sb deposit is a striking example of combining two contrasting types of mineralization in space: mercury-antimony and gold ones. The article studies the spatial-temporal and genetic relationships of goldore and mercury-antimony mineralization based on a complex of both traditional geological and mineralogicalgeochemical methods, as well as modern instrumental methods for analyzing the mineral composition. Two types of ores with clear structural confinedness have been found at the deposit: a) mercury-antimonic (cinnabarantimonite) ores, associated with jasperoid breccias and manifested exclusively along the tectonic contact of limestone of the Alai section and terrigenous rocks of the Tolubai Formation, and b) gold- sulphide (arsenopyritepyritic) ores, localized in slightly modified carbonate-terrigenous rocks of the Tolubai Formation, overlying the plane of tectonic contact. Ore formation occurred during the following stages: in the late diagenetic, without interruption passing into the catagenetic-hydrothermal, characterized by the formation of gold mineralization, and then in the later hydrothermal-telethermal, characterized by the development of Hg-Sb mineralization. It is established that the main carrying agent of invisible gold (“invisible gold”) in ores is framboidal and idiomorphic pyrite and, especially, its high-arsenic varieties. A set of conducted studies has shown that the gold ore and mercury-antimony mineralization is broken in time and is genetically associated with various hydrothermalmetasomatic processes, and the Chauvai deposit can be classified as a Carlin-like type.

The antioxidant capacity of aqueous extracts from yerba mate and some of its polyphenolic components, namely, quercetin, rutin, chlorogenic and caffeic acids, was studied. Aqueous extracts from mate discolored the cation radicals of 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) in a dose-dependent manner and caused a latent period of luminol chemiluminescence induced by 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride. The following sequence of the studied substances in order of decreasing antioxidant capacity: quercetin, rutin, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid occurred in both model systems, represented as trolox equivalents. The antioxidant capacity of quercetin was higher than that of chlorogenic and caffeic acids. An increase was found in the antioxidant capacity of blood plasma in healthy volunteers which was assessed with the chemiluminescent system at 1 and 2 h after a single consumption of a tea made from 8 g of mate. The results show that aqueous extracts from yerba mate can be used to create phytopreparations with antioxidant properties.

The mechanism of adsorption of anionic dyes on montmorillonite modified with sodium metasilicate is investigated. The kinetics of dye adsorption is approximated by a pseudo–second order model, and the adsorption isotherm is analyzed on the basis of the Langmuir and Dubinin–Radushkevich models. The value of average free energy of adsorption E > 8 kJ/mol for all studied dyes, testifying to a surface chemical reaction between dye molecules and protonated silanol and aluminol groups on the surface of the edges of the aluminosilicate layers of the mineral. The adsorption of dyes is directly proportional to the increase in the temperature, mass, and charge of the organic anion and is inversely proportional to the increase in the ionic strength of the solution.

A study was carried out on the photovoltaic and photoconductive properties of fi lm composites of a styrene copolymer with nonyl methacrylate and polyNepoxypropylcarbazole doped with lanthanide complexes Ln2L6·PS (Ln = Nd, Eu, Gd, Yb), HL is the carbacylamidophosphate ligand, CCl3C(O)N(H)P(O)(NEt2)2, N-[bis(diethylamino) phosphoryl]2,2,2-trichloroacetamide; PS is 3,6-dipyridin-2-yl-1,2,4,5-tetrazine, C5H4N–C2N4–C5H4N). In the visible spectral range, these composites were found to have holetype photoconductivity. The internal photoelectric effect is a function of the photogeneration of charge carriers from the metal complex molecules and the sensitizer. EPR was used to study the kinetics of the formation and relaxation of the photogenerated charge carriers. We conclude that the metal complex molecules in the polymer composite enhance the efficiency of photogeneration of nonequilibrium charge carriers and thereby affect the photovoltaic properties of the composites.

Researches of a branch composition and firing atmosphere influence on structure and properties of pressed alumina-chromia-zirconium silicate refractories with 60 % Cr2O3 content were carried out. The optimal branch composition which after firing in oxidizing atmosphere provides obtaining of samples with open porosity 24.8 %, apparent density 3.46 g/cm3, cold crushing strength 78 N/mm2 and thermal shock resistance by 950 ºС — water — 7 thermal cycles was established. The phase composition of samples was determined. It has been shown that, firing in a reducing atmosphere, as well as titanium oxide addition, have no significant effect on samples properties. Corrosion resistance comparative researches of alumina-chromia-zirconium silicate refractories with 60 % Cr2O3 content and refractory brand KHTSS-30 with 30 % Cr2O3 content to glass «E» and basalt melts by crucible method at a temperature of 1580 °C with an exposure time of 8 hours were carried out. It has been established that, glass «E» and basalt impregnate refractories, moreover for samples with the developed optimal composition the impregnation depth was the smallest in comparison with samples of other compositions. The corrosion mechanism has been established, which consists in the penetration of glass «E» and basalt melts into refractory with further dissolution of corundum grains in them. Sintered Cr2O3 and solid solutions based on it in the composition of samples prevent corrosion, reducing the interaction area of melts with corundum grains, and when exposed to basalt melt, also forming spinelid with its components, which slows down further penetration of melt into refractory structure, thereby reducing its corrosive effect on the refractory. Based on the obtained results, a technology of a new domestic type of product (alumina-chromia-zirconium silicate refractories with 60 % Cr2O3 content manufactured by semi-dry pressing method) was developed.

Aim. To synthesize cis- and trans-isomers of 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylic acid and evaluate the biological activity of their derivatives against GPR-40. Results and discussion. Cis- and trans-isomers of 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylic acid were synthesized. The derivatives of this compound were tested as GPR-40 agonists and exhibited the micromolar activity. Experimental part. The methyl ester of 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylic acid was obtained as a mixture of cis/trans-isomers in 3 steps starting from a commercially available 3-oxocyclobutanecarboxylic acid. Further transformation of this compound into isomerically pure 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylic acids was achieved in five steps based on the chromatographic separation of diastereomeric amide derivatives. New GPR-40 ligands were obtained by O-alkylation of a phenolic oxygen atom of the corresponding carboxylic acid methyl ester. The biological activity of the agonists synthesized was studied using a fluorometric bioassay and the engineered Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) stable cell line expressing the human GPR-40. Conclusions. An effective synthetic approach to 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylic acid allowing to isolate two single cis/trans-stereoisomers of this compound has been developed. In order to demonstrate the possibility for the bioisosteric replacement of the ethylene moiety in the structures of free fatty acid receptor (FFAR) agonists by the cyclobutane ring, four new GPR-40 ligands possessing the micromolar activity have been synthesized. Received: 22.08.2020 Revised: 11.10.2020 Accepted: 17.10.2020

Pentaphenylantimony reacts on heating with 3-hydroxybenzoic acid in dioxane with the participation of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups to form tetraphenylantimony 3-tetraphenylstiboxybenzoate. Benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid in the reaction with pentaphenylantimony acts as a polyfunctional compound and forms a tetranuclear complex – tetrakis(tetraphenylantimony) benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylate. Structural features of the synthesized compounds were determined by the X-ray diffraction analysis.

A new technological approach to the fabrication of multicomponent coatings via the ion sputtering of a rod, which is composed of disks of such elements as W, Ta, Hf, Ti, Mo, Cr, Al, and С and coaxially placed inside a tube with an inner diameter of 39 mm, has been developed. A face-centered cubic phase with a lattice parameter close to the value for TiC is formed at a concentration of 41–55 at % of carbon and 34–37 at % of titanium, and the transition into an amorphous state with a simultaneous increase in the microhardness to 21 GPa occurs at a maximum concentration of Ta, Hf, Ti, Mo, Cr, and W.

In vitro antitumor activity of some 4-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl)furans was studied against erythroleukemia (K562) and cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cell lines.

The use of multi-label biochemical panels is justified by the fact that different markers reflect the severity of various pathological processes (disorders of carbohydrate and fat metabolism), which in their interaction are indicators of decompensation of a single pathology – diabetes in particular. The aim of the work was to study the differences in biochemical parameters in healthy and patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) depending on the level of albumin in the urine. 78 men and 62 women aged 22-26 years, patients with diabetes mellitus type 1, who were hospitalized in the therapeutic department в № 1 and № 2 of Vinnytsia Regional Highly Specialized Endocrinology Center and 8 practically healthy men and 13 practically healthy women of the same age were examined. The level of microalbuminuria was determined in all patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fasting blood glucose and 2 hours after a meal were determined by enzymatic, amperometric analysis on a biochemical analyzer Biosen C_Line, manufactured by EKF Diagnostic (Germany). The average value of blood glucose was calculated mathematically. To determine glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), we used the method of high performance liquid chromatography on a D 10 analyzer, manufactured by Bio-Rad (USA). The International Normal Ratio (INR) was determined using a set of reagents to determine the prothrombin time, prothrombin ratio and international sensitivity index, which is specified in the passport to the set (manufacturer of PC-K-TEST "Granum"). Total cholesterol and triglycerides were determined by colorimetric photometric method (using enzymes) on a biochemical analyzer using standard kits from Olympus AU480 (USA). Statistical processing of the results was performed in the license package "Statistica 5.5", using non-parametric evaluation methods. When comparing the level of biochemical parameters between patients with T1D and normo-, microalbuminuria and proteinuria with healthy men or women, patients found higher values: fasting glucose (in men – by 29.1 %, 30.9 % and 42.0 %; in women – by 29.7 %, 33.2 % and 46.0 %); glucose 2 hours after exercise (for men – by 27.4 %, 30.8 % and 36.1 %; for women – by 30.4 %, 32.4 % and 40.2 %); the average value of glucose (for men – by 26.2 %, 30.8 % and 39.3 %; for women – by 28.7 %, 34.0 % and 43.1 %); glycated hemoglobin (47.8 %, 48.8 % and 45.8 % for men; 27.2 %, 50.2 % and 54.4 % for women). Also, in patients with T1D men and proteinuria and women with normoalbuminuria and proteinuria compared with healthy men or women found higher cholesterol values (17.8 % in men and 7.6 % and 26.0 % in women); and in patients with T1D men with proteinuria compared to healthy men – 31.3 % higher triglyceride levels. When comparing the level of biochemical parameters between patients with T1D in men or women with proteinuria, higher values were found: fasting glucose compared with men with normoalbuminuria by 22.2 % and with women with normoalbuminuria by 30.3 % and microalbuminuria by 23.7 %; the average value of glucose compared with men with normoalbuminuria by 20.8 % and microalbuminuria by 14.0 %; glycated hemoglobin compared to women with normoalbuminuria by 15.9 %; compared with men with normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria – by 24.8 % and 20.3 %, or with women with normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria – by 24.9 % and 28.0 %; triglycerides compared with men with normoalbuminuria by 23.0 %. When comparing the sex differences in the level of biochemical parameters between healthy or between patients with T1D and normo-, microalbuminuria and proteinuria in men and women, only higher values of glycated hemoglobin by 14.1 % in women with proteinuria and total cholesterol by 8.3 % in women with normoalbuminuria were found. Thus, between healthy and patients with T1D and different levels of albuminuria there are differences in biochemical parameters, and they are greater the higher the level of albumin in the urine.

Introduction. Constipation is a derangement of the motor, secretory and/or evacuation function of the colon. The same symptoms are recorded in at least 20% of the population in the developed countries – as those occurring sporadically or for a long period.Basic content. The secretory function of the colon significantly affects stool consistency and its free movement. The secretion increases by 8–10 times in the presence of local mechanical irritation. Intestinal mucus is produced by colonic goblet cells. The frequency, time of defecation and stool consistency is in large part determined by the motor function of the colon. The relation of various types of contraction varies depending on the main function – propulsion or mixing. Rhythmic phasic contractions in the colon generate a pendular movement with slow propulsion of the contents and absorption of water. The tonic contractions enhance the mixing effect of weak rhythmic contractions. The propulsive contractions are specifically attributed to the lower gastrointestinal tract and occur spontaneously. They occur quite regularly, from 2 to 10 times a day, and ensure the propulsion of intestinal contents over great distances in the colon. When reaching the sphincter area, such wave causes its relaxation by mechanisms of descending inhibition. The dietary regime and adequate intake of carbohydrates with various chain lengths, including dietary fiber, as well as flavonoids and other components that modify peristaltic activity and secretion, play an important role in the regulation of intestinal secretion and peristalsis. The drugs enhancing intestinal secretion and peristalsis, such as bisacodyl and sodium picosulfate, are also used to treat constipation. These substances hydrolyse into bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-pyridyl-2-methane in the intestine, which, upon contact with the receptors in colonic mucosa, stimulates propulsive activity and increases intestinal secretion. The selective action of sodium picosulfate is confined to the colon.Conclusion. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for constipation are aimed at maintaining and enhancing the natural propulsive contractions of the colon and intestinal secretion.

4H-silicon carbide ingots with high structural perfection have been grown by the modified Lely method (LETI method) on 100-mm-diameter seeds. Using our experimental data and theoretical analysis, we have systematized the key factors responsible for the degradation of the crystal structure of the ingots during the growth process. The formation of parasitic polytype inclusions in the early stages of growth has been shown to lead to the formation of antiphase boundaries and a mosaic substructure in the ingot.

Pyridine-2,6- and 2,5-dicarboxylic acids have acted as bifunctional compounds in the reactions with pentaphenylantimony, forming bis(tetraphenylantimony)pyridine-2,6- and 2,5-dicarboxylate, respectively. The interaction of pentaphenylantimony with 2-[(6-hydroxy-5-nitroso-4(3H)-oxopyrimidin-2-yl)sulfanyl]acetic acid involving carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in the pyrimidine ring has afforded 2-{[5-nitroso-4(3H)-oxo-6-(tetraphenylstiboxy)pyrimidin-2-yl]sulfanyl}tetraphenylantimony acetate. The structural features of the synthesized compounds have been established by means of X-ray diffraction analysis.

Comprehensive physical and technological studies on the creation of mesastripe structures with a channel in the substrate and subsequent burying of the structure with a layer of zinc selenide are carry out. Planarity of heterointerfaces between the substrate and epitaxial layers is studied by electron microscopy. The atomic structure of epitaxial layers GaInAsP/InP is studied by transmission electron microscopy. The profiles of epitaxial layers of the heterostructure are analyzed by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). Layers with required composition of In0.78Ga0.22As0.68P0.32 corresponding to a laser wavelength of 1.3 μm are obtained. A technique for creating laser diodes with a channel in the substrate, including etching of mesastripe structure and burying with a layer of zinc selenide, is developed for the first time. This technique makes it possible to create laser diodes both with an optical confinement of laser emission and with a confinement of the current flow along the laser strip. Etching of p–n junction layers between laser strips and burying with zinc selenide on the surface of etched structure are developed for the first time. This technique made it possible to create heterostructures for laser diodes operating in the microwave range up to 10 GHz by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE). The ability to create and operate laser diodes in this design and technology is shown. The current–voltage characteristics, watt–ampere characteristics, and spectral characteristics of laser diodes are investigated. Russian technology for the creation of a microwave laser diode on a heterostructure with a channel in the substrate and repeated burying with zinc selenide is proposed. The prospects of using laser diodes of mesastripe structure with a channel in the substrate and buried with a layer of zinc selenide to create fast-response devices are shown.

The possibility of using a composite material (hereinafter referred to as composite) based on silica gel modified with particles of Fe(III) compounds for the highly efficient purification of contaminated transformer oils and batches of oils for long-term storage is investigated. The KSKG silica-derived composite modified with particles of Fe(III) compounds with an iron content of about 7 wt % (SiO2-7Fe-Amk-600) is found to be more effective when compared with pure KSKG silica gel for removing both acid activators for sludge formation and oil-degradation products from transformer oils. The preservation of the basic properties of oil after its purification on the SiO2-7Fe-Amk-600 composite and storage for 2 years in contact with this composite indicates the possibility of using the new SiO2-7Fe-Amk-600 composite as a stabilizer for the original and purified transformer oils.

In the present work, the recorded kinetics of chemiluminescence enhanced by coumarin 334 indicated that the complexes of cytochrome c (Cyt) with anionic lipids (Cyt-AL), such as cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidic acid (PA), when added to mitochondrial and cytoplasmic membranes, are capable of catalysing reactions of lipid free radical formation. The effect of Cyt-CL complex was studied on mitochondria isolated from the liver of male Wistar rats and male outbred mice, as well as on erythrocytes isolated from the blood of male Wistar rats. It was shown that complex Cyt-PA exerts a peroxidase effect similar to the effect produced by Cyt-CL. Upon exposure to Cyt-CL, the formation of free radicals was more prominent in mitochondrial ghosts (mitochondria subjected to freeze-thawing and washed by several precipitation–resuspension cycles) than in intact mitochondria. This suggests that Cyt-CL does not pass through biological membranes: even if it penetrates into them, it probably gets stuck in the phospholipid bilayer. Thus, the previously discovered cytotoxic effect of Cyt-CL on cancer cells is most likely due to peroxidation of the cytoplasmic membrane, but not of the inner membrane of mitochondria.

This work is devoted to study of halide mechanochemical modification of nitrile-butadiene rubber (BNCS-18AN) with a chlorine-containing reagent. In previous studies, the optimal parameters for modification were established. The modification was carried out in a laboratory rubber mixer. The obtained halogen-containing rubbers were investigated using ESR spectroscopy. Rubber compounds based on obtained chlorinated butadiene-nitrile rubbers (CNBR), were prepared and their tensile stress-strain properties and curing characteristics were investigated. Vulcanization of rubber compounds was carried out under the established optimal conditions. Physical and mechanical properties of the rubbers were determined. Subsequent studies showed the most probable regularities of the mechanochemical halide modification of nitrile butadiene rubber (BNCS-18AN) with a chlorine-containing modifier (CHCl) in a rubber mixer.

Supercapacitors based on carbon nanomaterials are attracting much attention because of their high capacitance enabled by large specific surface area. The introduction of heteroatoms such as N or O enhances the specific capacitance of these materials. However, the mechanisms that lead to the increase in the specific capacitance are not yet well-studied. In this Letter, we demonstrate an effective method for modification of the surface of carbon nanowalls (CNWs) using DC plasma in atmospheres of O

New fabrication technique of multilayered composite coatings on inner surface of pipes is developed which is based on ion–plasma sputtering of rod–like target composed of various metals and graphite. It is established that gradient change of elemental composition in the direction Сr→W→Mo→Ta→Hf→Ti→C→Ti/Al→C is accompanied by transition from metal mixture carbide to titanium carbide with the grain sizes of ~ 8–15 nm. It is found that increase in microhardness up to ~ 26 GPa is caused by additional surface heating by thermal radiation from the ion–heated rod and by elemental composition of the composite layers.

The paper is devoted to investigation of mechanochemical halide modification of siloxane rubber (SKTV) using chlorine and fluorine-containing modifiers. Rubber compounds based on modified and original unmodified, siloxane rubbers were prepared. Rheological and curing properties of obtained rubbers were examined. In the established time optimum vulcanizates were obtained and their physical, mechanical and some special properties were studied. In order to study the molecular mobility of the modified rubbers ESR-spectroscopy study was carried out. The analysis of molecular mobility of modified rubbers has shown previously unknown regularities of mechanochemical halide modification of siloxane rubber using chlorine and fluorine-containing modifiers. The rheological and curing properties of the initial and modified rubbers were investigated. The application fields of halogen modified rubbers was determined.

A new method for recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) wastes, which is based on their processing under the action of a nitrating atmosphere and a subsequent utilization of the conversion products, is considered. It is shown that the exposure of PET samples to an NOx—H2O (steam)—air atmosphere obtained by vaporization of 12 A/TTNO3 at 403-463 K for 5-24 h, dissolution of the conversion products in 0.5 M NaOH, and their subsequent ozonation makes it possible to effectively utilize waste PET bottles regardless of the color of the plastic.

—The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) regulates the functioning of the body in accordance with circadian rhythms thanks to the pacemaker neurons present in it and afferents modulating these neurons. One of the afferents is represented by nerve fibers containing only the first enzyme for the synthesis of catecholamines, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). In ontogeny, the concentration of these fibers (amount per unit volume of tissue) reaches a maximum on the 10th postnatal day (P10), and then gradually decreases. The aim of this work was to verify our assumption that, in TH-containing fibers in SCN of rats, L-DOPA is synthesized from L-tyrosine as the final secretory product, and the efficiency of this synthesis is higher in the early postnatal period than in adults. The synthesis of L-DOPA was evaluated by an increase in the total content of L-DOPA in SCN and in the incubation medium after a two-hour incubation of SCN in a medium with or without L‑tyrosine. We found that the addition of L-tyrosine to the incubation medium led to a multifold increase in the total L-DOPA content in SCN and in the medium, which is evidence of the synthesis of L-DOPA as a final product in TH-containing fibers. A comparative analysis of the synthesis of L-DOPA in SCN at P10 and P60 showed that the synthesis rate (a ratio between the total content of L-DOPA in SCN and in the incubation medium to the incubation time) at P60 exceeds the synthesis rate at P10, while the efficiency of L‑DOPA synthesis (a ratio between the rate of L-DOPA synthesis and the total protein content in SCN) is higher at P10. Thus, we obtained evidence of L-DOPA synthesis in TH-containing SCN nerve fibers, and the efficiency of this synthesis in rats in the early postnatal period is higher than in adult animals.

—The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) regulates functions in accordance with circadian rhythms thanks to the pacemaker neurons present in it and afferents modulating their activity. One type of afferent is nerve fibers containing only tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and secreting (L-dihydroxyphenylalanine) L-DOPA. The aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that L-DOPA comes from TH-containing fibers into neurons containing only aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD), where dopamine is synthesized. The synthesis of dopamine was evaluated by its content in SCN in intact rats on the 10th postnatal day (P10) and on P60, as well as by the total dopamine content in SCN and in the incubation medium after incubation of this nucleus in the medium with or without L-DOPA. It was shown that in intact rats SCN contains dopamine at the same concentration at P10 and P60. Some of the experiments with incubation of SCN slices were performed with rats injected with neurotoxins of monoaminergic neurons to exclude the synthesis of dopamine from L-DOPA in monoaminergic structures. At P10, during incubation of SCN in L-DOPA-containing medium, an increase in dopamine synthesis was observed equally in animals in control (normal) and after exposure to neurotoxins, which indicates synthesis of dopamine only in monoenzymatic AAAD-containing neurons. In a similar experiment at P60, the addition of L-DOPA into the incubation medium also led to an increase in the synthesis of dopamine, however, in animals exposed to neurotoxins to a lesser extent than in the control. This means that in adult animals, dopamine is synthesized in SCN mainly in monoenzymatic AAAD-containing neurons and to a lesser extent in monoaminergic structures. Thus, it was shown that dopamine in SCN is synthesized in monoenzymatic AAAD-containing neurons from L-DOPA secreted by monoenzymatic TH-containing fibers.

This paper presents the simulation results for the three-layered aluminum honeycomb panels with face sheets made of composite aluminum alloy filled with silicon carbide particles. The effect of the filler volume fraction on the load bearing capacity of a simply supported panel under condition of static loading with uniformly distributed pressure and under the impact over the panel surface with a rigid spherical body is investigated. It is shown that the static and dynamic characteristics of the panel change in a different way depending on the filler volume fraction.