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Electrolysis of water to produce high-purity hydrogen is a very promising method. The development of green, high-efficiency, long-lasting and low-cost dual function electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is essential for electrocatalytic total water splitting. In this work, oxygen vacancy-enriched Fe2O3@NiO heterojunctions as bifunctional electrocatalysts are prepared through a facile one-step hydrothermal method followed by a calcination process. The synergistic effect of Fe2O3 and NiO, as well as the rich oxygen vacancies in Fe2O3, optimize their electronic structures, leading to an enhanced charge transfer rate and improved catalytic ability. Therefore, in both OER and HER processes, overpotentials needed for the Fe2O3@NiO catalyst to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm−2 under alkaline conditions are 224 mV and 187 mV, respectively. Furthermore, the catalyst showed excellent dynamic characteristics and durability. This research provides a new strategy for regulating the electronic structure of bifunctional catalysts by heterostructures and oxygen vacancies, thereby promoting the performance of total water splitting.

Ten compounds (1–10) were obtained from soil-derived Penicillium cremeogriseum W1-1 with the antimicrobial guided isolation procedure. Among them, 4 presented broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities and its preliminary mechanisms were evaluated. Compound 4 showed growth inhibition on drug-resistant pathogenic strains Escherichia coli and Candida albicans with post-contact effect (PCE), changed the morphology and membrane structure, killed cells with leakage, inhibited the growth of C. albicans by eradicating biofilms. Interestingly, the fraction containing 4 presented in vivo anti-pathogenic activities in mice, indicating this indole diterpenoid alkaloid could been used as potential antimicrobial agent.

Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai is a dual-purpose Chinese herbal medicine and functional food favored by minorities in Southwest China, and its fruits are used for the treatment of dyspepsia, dysentery, enteritis, and rheumatism inflammation. Some diseases may be related to microbial infection; however, it is not known how the fruits possess antimicrobial activity. We evaluated the antimicrobial bioctivity of different evaluation extracts of C. speciosa fruits by in vitro and in vivo with colony-forming unit assays, and the strongest bioactive-guided fraction was selected for column chromatography (CC), UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, and NMR spectroscopy to confirm the chemical constituents. The most possible antimicrobial mechanism of C. speciosa fruits was explored by metabolomics approach, fluorescence microscopy imaging, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thirty compounds, which were major characteristic ions of the bioactive fraction, were determined precisely. The bioactive fraction could inhibit 18 pathogenic microorganisms, significantly reduced, especially drug-resistant bacteria, compared to ampicillin sodium salt, fluconazole, and berberine chloride form; and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) or minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values were in the range of 0.1-1 mg/mL. The compounds 2'-methoxyaucuparin (1) and oleanolic acid (20) not only have antibacterial activity but also may have synergistic effects. Further, the bioactive fraction might inhibit the biofilm formation, enhance immunity, and restore bacterial infection damage in vitro and in vivo to kill microorganisms. The data indicated that C. speciosa fruits' major bioactive fraction enriched with triterpenes, flavonoids, and phenolics could be developed as a functional supplement for individuals to prevent and treat microbial infection.

Because of considerable adsorption capacities of competitive gases N₂ and CO₂, many kinds of porous materials suffer from unsatisfied SO₂/CO₂ and SO₂/N₂ selectivities and thus hardly achieve deep removal of SO₂ from flue gas. Herein, a novel type of guanidinium-based poly(ionic liquid) with the feature of nonporosity was designed and prepared through a facile copolymerization procedure. It is very attractive that nonporous guanidinium-based poly(ionic liquids) P([allyl-TMG]Br-DVB) by polymerization of (allyl-tetramethylguanidine)bromide with divinylbenzene had almost excluded the adsorption of N₂ (0.01 mmol g–¹) and CO₂ (0.07 mmol g–¹) but showed very high SO₂ capacity (9.79 mmol g–¹) at 25 °C and 1 bar. The high selectivities of SO₂/CO₂ (452) and SO₂/N₂ (2294) were accordingly obtained. Furthermore, column breakthrough experiments confirmed the excellent separation performance of P([allyl-TMG]Br-DVB) in deeply eliminating 2000 ppm SO₂ in the mixture of SO₂/N₂/CO₂. The employment of nonporous poly(ionic liquids) as efficient adsorbents is an effective strategy for the deep removal of SO₂ from flue gas.

Synthesis of highly efficient, non-noble and bi-functional electrocatalysts is exceedingly challenging and necessary for water splitting devices. In this work, three-dimensional spherical Ni(OH)2/NiCo2O4 heterojunctions are prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method and the hybrids are explored as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in an alkaline electrolyte via tuning different Ni/Co atomic ratios of heterojunctions. The optimized Ni(OH)2/NiCo2O4 (S (1:1)) exhibits high electrocatalytic activity with an ultralow over-potential of 189 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for the HER. With regard to the OER, the over-potential of the as-synthesized S (1:1) heterojunction is only 224 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2. The improved catalytic performance of the Ni(OH)2/NiCo2O4 heterojunctions is attributed to the chemical synergic combining of Ni(OH)2 and NiCo2O4, large specific surface area for exposing more accessible active sites, and heterointerface for activating the intermediates that facilitates electron/electrolyte transport. The prepared catalyst exhibits good durability and stability in HER and OER catalyzing conditions. This study provides a feasible approach for the building of highly efficient bifunctional water splitting electrocatalysts and stimulates the development of renewable energy conversion and storage devices.

10,10-Bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)-3-methylphenyl]-9(10 H)-anthrone, as a new aromatic diamine, was synthesized from 9(10 H)-anthrone by three-step procedure. Low-temperature polycondensation of this diamine with various aromatic dicarboxylic acid dichlorides produced a series of new cardo poly(ether amide)s with moderate to high inherent viscosities of 0.86–1.43 dL g−1 while the weight-average and number-average molecular weights were in the range of 48,600–59,800 and 29,800–35,600 g mol−1, respectively. All the polymers were readily soluble in polar solvents such as N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and pyridine, and afforded transparent, flexible, and strong films upon casting from DMAc solvent. These polymers had glass transition temperatures of 254–297°C, 10% weight loss temperatures of 493–505°C, and char yields of 61–64% at 800°C in nitrogen. All polymers were amorphous and their films exhibited tensile strength of 80.7–101.4 MPa, elongation at break of 8.0–12.8%, and tensile modulus of 1.9–2.6 GPa. These polymers had low moisture uptake in the range of 2.13–4.02% and high transparency with an ultraviolet–visible absorption cutoff wavelength in the 322–375 nm range.

1,4-Bis(3,4-dicarboxybenzoyl)benzene dianhydride, an aromatic bis(ketone anhydride) monomer, was synthesized by the Friedel–Crafts reaction of terephthaloyl dichloride and o-xylene, followed by the oxidation of the intermediate tetramethylated compound and cyclodehydration of the resulting tetraacid. A series of new poly(diketone imide)s (PDKIs) were prepared from this dianhydride with various aromatic diamines via a conventional two-stage process that included ring-opening polyaddition to form the poly(amic acid)s followed by thermal or chemical imidization. Most of the PDKIs through chemical imidization were soluble in aprotic amide solvents, such as N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, m-cresol, and so on. The resulting PDKIs had good thermal property with the glass transition temperature of 203–275°C, the temperature at 5% weight loss of 500–539°C, and the residue of 51–60% at 800°C in nitrogen. Additionally, strong and flexible PDKI films obtained by thermal imidization exhibited outstanding mechanical property with the tensile strength of 88.8–158.5 MPa, tensile modulus of 1.9–3.5 GPa, and elongation at breakage of 7–21%.

10,10-Bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)-3-methylphenyl]-9(10H)-anthrone, as a novel aromatic diamine, was synthesized from anthrone by three-step process. A series of polyimides containing methyl substituents...

Electrocatalytic water decomposition is the key to sustainable energy, and the design and synthesis of cost-effective electrocatalysts is the main objective of electrocatalytic water splitting. In this paper, multi-interfacial FeOOH@NiCo2O4 hybrid nanoflowers are prepared through a two-step hydrothermal reaction. In such heterostructures, NiCo2O4 nanoflowers are coated with a layer of FeOOH nanoparticles. In addition, the obtained electrocatalyst could provide abundant electroactive sites and the formation of FeOOH@NiCo2O4 nanointerfaces can also improve the charge transfer rate. As a result, under the HER and OER conditions, the prepared catalysts show an outstanding electrocatalytic performance. Moreover, in a two-electrode water splitting system, the FeOOH@NiCo2O4 heterostructure, as a dual-function electrocatalyst, needs a cell voltage of only 1.58 V at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. This study provides a facile and feasible method to construct different kinds of heterostructures as bifunctional electrocatalysts with multiple interfaces by a simple hydrothermal method.

Efficacy of levetiracetam (LEV) combined with sodium valproate (SV) on pediatric epilepsy and its effect on serum miR-106b in children were investigated. One hundred and twenty children with epilepsy in Xuzhou Children's Hospital from July 2015 to July 2017 were enrolled, and divided into control group (n=60) and observation group (n=60) according to random sampling. Additionally, 100 children undergoing normal physical examination were collected as normal group. Patients in the control group were treated with SV, and patients in the observation group were treated with SV and LEV. RT-qPCR was used for detecting the relative expression of serum miR-106b in children. The clinical efficacy was evaluated. After treatment, the relative expression of serum miR-106b in the control group was significantly higher than that in the observation group (P

To find novel effective Aurora kinases inhibitors, a series of structurally interesting nitroxide labeled pyrimidines were synthesized and evaluated their anti-proliferative and Aurora kinases inhibitory activities. Among them, butyl 2-(3-((5-fluoro-2-((4-((1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)carbamoyl) phenyl) amino)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)acetate (22) possessed the most potent anti-proliferative effects against four carcinoma cell lines with IC50 values in range of 0.89–11.41 μM, and kinases inhibition against Aurora A and B with the IC50 values were 9.3 and 2.8 nM, respectively. Furthermore, compound 22 blocked the phosphorylation of Aurora A (T288), Aurora B (Thr232) and HisH3, decreased the expression of proteins TPX2, Eg5 and Bora, as well as disrupted the mitotic spindle formation in HeLa cells. Molecular docking studies indicated that compound 22 well interact with both Aurora A and B. The results showed that compound 22 is a potential anticancer agent as promising pan-Aurora kinase inhibitor.

A new compound named koninginin W (1) and four known polyketides (2-5) were isolated from endophytic fungus Trichoderma koningiopsis YIM PH30002 of Panax notoginseng. The structures of 1 - 5, including absolute configuration of 1, were elucidated on the detailed analysis of the HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR, and X-ray crystallographic data. Koninginin W (1) presented weak antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhimurium.

The phytochemical study of the fruits of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim led to the isolation of sixteen compounds, including a new compound zantharin (1) and fifteen other known compounds, which consist of ten coumarins (2–11), three alkaloids (12–14), and two phenols (15–16). Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, UV, and IR experiments) and by comparison with literature data. In this work, all the compounds were isolated from Z. bungeanum for the first time, in which, compounds 5 and 13–16 were reported for the first time from the genus Zanthoxylum and the Rutaceae family, respectively. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of isolated compounds is discussed.

Graphene-based hybrid nanostructures possess many advantages in the field of electrochemical energy applications. In this work, a facile and efficient hydrothermal approach has been developed for the preparation of NiFe alloy nanoparticles/rGO hybrid nanostructures, in which the nanoparticles are well combined with rGO nanosheets and the size of the nanoparticles is about 100 nm. Moreover, the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) tests confirmed that the obtained NiFe/rGO hybrid nanostructures possess notably higher activity than both the rGO-free NiFe nanoparticles and pure Ni/rGO hybrids, and the optimal NiFe ratio is 2:1. The OER overpotential at 20 mA cm(-1-2) with Ni2 Fe/rGO is as low as 0.285 V, which is 96 mV lower than that of pure Ni/rGO hybrids. Meanwhile, the Ni2 Fe/rGO catalyst has excellent stability. Therefore, this work contributes a facile and efficient method to prepare a NiFe alloy nanoparticles/rGO hybrid structure for potential applications in the field of electrochemical energy devices, such as electrochemical water splitting cells, rechargeable metal/air batteries, etc.

A series of cardo poly(arylene ether nitrile sulfone) (PENS) copolymers containing xanthene moiety were prepared by the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)xanthene with 2,6-difluorobenzonitrile (DFBN) and 4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfone (DCDPS) by varying stoichiometric ratio of DFBN to DCDPS (90/10–40/60) using N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as solvent in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate. The copolymers having number-average molecular weights of 17,100–18,300 g mol−1 with the polydispersity index from 1.79 to 2.11 were amorphous and were easily soluble in polar solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and DMAc, and even in tetrahydrofuran and chloroform at room temperature. The resulting PENS copolymers showed glass transition temperature ( Tg) between 253.3°C and 260.4°C, and the Tg values were found to increase with increasing sulfone content in the copolymers. Thermogravimetric studies showed that all the polymers were stable up to 450°C, with 10% weight loss temperatures ranging from 500°C to 524°C and char yields of 56–63% at 700°C under nitrogen atmosphere. All new polymers could be cast into strong and flexible films with tensile strengths of 56.7–78.8 MPa, elongations at break of 7.8–9.1%, and tensile moduli of 2.1–3.2 GPa.

Several poly(arylene ether nitrile) (PAEN) copolymers containing multi-methyl and cardo xanthene groups were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution reaction of 2,6-difluorobenzonitrile with varying molar ratios of 9,9-bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)xanthene (BDMHPX) and hydroquinone (HQ) (80/20–40/60) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate. These new PAENs had inherent viscosities between 0.56 and 0.68 dL g–1, and their weight-average molecular weights and number-average molecular weights were in the range of 33,300–36,500 g mol−1 and 17,300–18,400 g mol−1, respectively. All polymers were amorphous and soluble in dipolar aprotic solvents such as NMP and N, N-dimethylacetamide and even in THF and chloroform at room temperature. These PAENs showed glass transition temperatures ( Tgs) between 248°C and 289°C, and the Tg values were found to increase with increase of the BDMHPX content in the polymeric main. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that all PAENs were stable up to 400°C, with 5% weight loss temperatures ranging from 427°C to 448°C and char yields of 57–61% at 700°C under nitrogen atmosphere. All new PAENs could be cast into strong and flexible films with a tensile strength of 93–115 MPa, elongation at break of 10–12%, and tensile modulus of 3.3–3.5 GPa.

Four tetrabutylphosphonium carboxylate ionic liquids ([P4444][CA]) were prepared, and their densities, viscosities, refractive indices, and conductivities were measured and correlated with thermodynamic and empirical equations in the temperature range of 298.15-348.15 K. The influence of temperature on these four properties of [P4444][CA] was discussed, and their thermal expansion coefficient values were calculated. The CO2 absorption capacity of [P4444][CA] was studied at 313.15 K and 100 kPa. The results indicated that [P4444][Buty] had the highest CO2 capture capacity among these ionic liquids, with an absorption capacity of 0.4 mol∙mol-1 and balance time of less than 5 min.

Densities, viscosities, refractive indices and conductivities of four carbanion-functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) were measured in the temperature range of 298.2–348.2 K. The effect of temperature on these physicochemical properties were also studied. The results showed that the values of density and refractive index decreased linearly but the conductivity increased exponentially with the increase of temperature, while the viscosity decreased exponentially with the temperature increased. Moreover, the conductivities of phosphonium carbanion-functionalized ILs were much lower than common phosphonium amino acid ILs because of high ionic association and poor ion mobility of carbanion. In addition, the characterization of FT-IR and 1H NMR by using pyrrole as a probe molecule showed that [P4448][Dib] exhibited the strongest basicity among these four carbanion-functionalized ILs.

The Aurora kinases are a family of serine/threonine kinases that interact with components of the mitotic apparatus and serve as potential therapeutic targets in oncology. Herein, we reported a series of 2,4-bisanilinopyrimidines bearing 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl with selective inhibition of Aurora A in either enzymatic assays or cellular phenotypic assays, and displaying more potent anti-proliferation compared with that of VX-680. The most potent compound 10a forms better interaction with Aurora A than Aurora B in molecular docking. Mechanistic studies revealed that 10a disrupt the spindle formation, block the cell cycle progression in the G2/M phase and induce apoptosis in HeLa cell. These results suggested that the produced series of compounds are potential anticancer agents for further development as selective Aurora A inhibitors.

A new aromatic dicarboxylic acid, 9,9-bis[4-(4-carboxyphenoxy)-3-methylphenyl]xanthene (BCAMPX) was prepared from the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 9,9-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)xanthene with p-fluorobenzonitrile, followed by alkaline hydrolysis. Then BCAMPX was polycondensated with various aromatic diamines to afford the polyamides with the number-average molecular weight in the range of 45,300–51,500 and the polydispersity index ranged from 1.67 to 1.85. These polyamides showed glass transition temperatures between 260–286°C and 10% weight loss temperatures ranging from 490 to 504°C and 480 to 490°C in nitrogen and air respectively, and char yields above 52% at 800°C in nitrogen. Nearly all polyamides were readily soluble polar aprotic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), tetrahydrofuran and pyridine, and afforded transparent, strong and flexible films upon casting from DMAc solvent. All polyamides were amorphous and exhibited tensile strengths of 80–91 MPa, ...

In this work, visible light driven plasmonic photocatalyst, Ag–AgBr/BiVO4 nanostructures have been facilely prepared by a hydrothermal process, the deposition precipitation method with surfactant and subsequent light driven route. As a low cost and efficient visible light driven photocatalyst, BiVO4 is chosen as an ideal support. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was used as both of the surfactant, template directing reagent and the Br source. The obtained Ag–AgBr/BiVO4 photocatalyst shows excellent visible light driven photocatalytic performance. It can decompose Rhodamine B (RhB) within 16 min under visible light irradiation. Meanwhile, compared with other VLD (visible light driven) photocatalysts such as Ag–AgBr, Ag–TiO2 and AgBr–Ag–TiO2 composite, the amount of Ag needed as well as the cost decrease significantly. Moreover, the possible photocatalytic mechanism of the Ag–AgBr/BiVO4 nanostructures was investigated.

A series of 4β-(thiazol-2-yl)amino-4'-O-demethyl-4-deoxypodophyllotoxins were synthesized, and their cytotoxicities were evaluated against four human cancer cell lines (A549, HepG2, HeLa, and LOVO cells) and normal human diploid fibroblast line WI-38. Some of the compounds exhibited promising antitumor activity and less toxicity than the anticancer drug etoposide. Among them, compounds 15 and 17 were found to be the most potent synthetic derivatives as topo-II inhibitors, and induced DNA double-strand breaks via the p73/ATM pathway as well as the H2AX phosphorylation in A549 cells. These compounds also arrested A549 cells cycle in G2/M phase by regulating cyclinB1/cdc2(p34). Taken together, these results show that a series of compounds are potential anticancer agents.

An operationally simple, efficient, and environmentally benign preparation of nitriles in good to excellent yields from various aldoximes in the presence of recyclable poly(ethylene glycol)–bound sulfonyl chloride is described.

We found that the deoxypodophyllotoxin derivative, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(6-oxo-(5R,5aR,6,8,8aR,9-hexahydrofuro[3′,4′:6,7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)phenyl ((R)-1-amino-4-(methylthio)-1-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate (DPMA), exhibited superior cytotoxicity compared with etoposide. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of action of DPMA. DPMA exhibited anti-proliferative activity and induced apoptosis in A549 cells in a dose- and time-dependant manner. DPMA inhibited microtubule formation and induced expression of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, p53 and ROS, and inhibited Bcl-2 expression. DPMA also affected cyclinB1, cdc2 and p-cdc2 expression, inducing cell cycle arrest. DPMA also inhibited tube formation of VEGF-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells. These studies demonstrate that DPMA inhibits p53/cdc2/Bax signaling, thereby inhibiting cell growth/angiogenesis and inducing apoptosis.

A series of carbamate derivatives of 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin have been synthesized, and their cytotoxicities against several human cancer cell lines, including HeLa, A549, HCT-8, and HL-60 cells, evaluated. Some of these compounds exhibited higher levels of cytotoxicity than the anticancer drug etoposide. 4β-4'-Demethylepipodophyllotoxin 1-(4-nitrophenyl) piperazinyl carbamate (19) was found to be the most potent compound of those synthesized in the current study, and induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase in HeLa cells, which was accompanied by apoptosis. Furthermore, this compound activated the expression of Bax, p53 and caspase-3 in HeLa cells, leading to changes in the conformation of calf thymus DNA from the B-form to a more compact C-form.

A series of 4β-amino-4′- O -demethyl-4-deoxypodophyllotoxin derivatives were synthesized, and their cytotoxicities against several human cancer cell lines, including HepG2, A549, HeLa and HCT-8 cells, evaluated. Some of these compounds exhibited higher levels of cytotoxicity than the anticancer drug etoposide. 4β- N -(4-Nitrophenyl piperazinyl)-4′- O -demethyl-4-deoxypodophyllotoxin ( 11 ) was found to be the most potent synthesized compound in the current study, and induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase in HeLa cells, which was accompanied by apoptosis. Furthermore, this compound activated the expression of cdc2, cyclin B1, p53 and caspase-3 in HeLa cells, leading to changes in the conformation of calf thymus DNA from the B-form to a more compact C-form.

In this work, we utilize the galvanic displacement synthesis and make it a general and efficient method for the preparation of Au-M (M = Au, Pd, and Pt) core-shell nanostructures with porous shells, which consist of multilayer nanoparticles. The method is generally applicable to the preparation of Au-Au, Au-Pd, and Au-Pt core-shell nanostructures with typical porous shells. Moreover, the Au-Au isomeric core-shell nanostructure is reported for the first time. The lower oxidation states of Au(I), Pd(II), and Pt(II) are supposed to contribute to the formation of porous core-shell nanostructures instead of yolk-shell nanostructures. The electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance of porous Au-Pd core-shell nanostructures are assessed as a typical example for the investigation of the advantages of the obtained core-shell nanostructures. As expected, the Au-Pd core-shell nanostructure indeed exhibits a significantly reduced overpotential (the peak potential is shifted in the positive direction by 44 mV and 32 mV), a much improved CO tolerance (I(f)/I(b) is 3.6 and 1.63 times higher), and an enhanced catalytic stability in comparison with Pd nanoparticles and Pt/C catalysts. Thus, porous Au-M (M = Au, Pd, and Pt) core-shell nanostructures may provide many opportunities in the fields of organic catalysis, direct alcohol fuel cells, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and so forth.

Poly(ionic liquid), which had a strong carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) absorption ability, was introduced into polystyrene (PS) by the radical copolymerization between styrene and an ionic liquid monomer, i.e. [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]-trimethylammonium tetrafluoroborate ([MATMA][BF 4 ]). The [MATMA][BF 4 ] segments in the copolymer greatly increased the solubility of CO 2 , which was demonstrated by the significant glass transition temperature ( T g ) reduction of the copolymer under high pressured CO 2 . The copolymer microcellular foams were then prepared by a batch foaming process using supercritical CO 2 as the blowing agent. The morphology characterization indicated that the copolymer microcellular foams had the much higher cell density and the much smaller cell size compared with the pure PS foams.

The Snail Trail on micro-cracked cell surface of module are frequently founded at PV system over the past few years. Some studies of this discolored phenomena were mainly focused on some abnormal material or minute quantity of elements, however, the detail mechanism are still not clearly disclosed. In this study, the role of encapsulants, cells and lamination conditions were experimentally studied and discussed. One integrated mechanism of Snail Trail formation was proposed and partly verified by some experimental proofs. The migration and reduction reaction of silver ions under currents are believed to be the intrinsic reaction of this phenomena, while the oxidation of nano-size silver particle by the residue peroxide at cracked silver finger were the key reason of color discoloration.

Carbamate derivatives of 4β-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)podophyllotoxin were synthesized by means of click chemistry, and their cytotoxicities against human cancer cell lines HL-60, A-549, HeLa, and HCT-8 were evaluated. Some compounds were more potent than the anticancer drug etoposide. 4'-O-Demethyl-4β-[(4-hydroxymethyl)-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]-4-deoxypodophyllotoxin cyclopentyl carbamate, the most potent compound, induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase accompanied by apoptosis in A-549 cells. Furthermore, this compound inhibited the formation of microtubules in A-549 cells and caused the inhibition of DNA topoisomerase-II.

Objective: To study the effects of Chinese herbal medicine Tangshenkang (TSK) capsule on diabetic nephropathy (DN).Method: Fifty-seven patients with DN were randomly divided into two groups, the TSK-treated group and the control group-Results: Serious disorders of metabolism showed in DN patients, displayed high levels of thromboxane B2/6-keto-prostaglandin F1α(TXB2/6-keto-PGFlα) ratio and lipid peroxide (LPO) as compared with those of healthy persons. After 6 weeks treatment with TSK, the urinary albumin level reduced obviously (by 51%), renal plasma flow (RPF) increased, glomerular filtration rate and LPO levels decreased. A positive correlation was observed between albuminuria level and TXB2/6-keto-PGFlα ratio. The clearance rate of creatinine didn’t improve significantly. In the control group, no significant difference in the above-mentioned parameters between pre-treatment and post-treatment was found.Conclusion: TSK capsule possessed a significant effect in improving urinary albumin and glomerular function. These effects might be due to the property of TSK in adjusting TXB2/6-keto-PGFlα ratio and its lipid-peroxidation in DN patients.

A novel polystyrene-bound 2-sulfonylpropanoic acid has been developed and applied to convenient, traceless synthesis of acrylamides in good yield and purity.