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Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), which is a main active principal constituent of liquorice, is extensively used as a non-nutrition sweetener or antiinflammatory in Chinese medicine. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different GA levels on growth, biometric parameters, plasma lipid metabolites, Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene expression of Megalobrama amblycephala (average weight, 68.78 ±1.13 g). Three diets were formulated to contain various levels of GA (0, 30 and 300 mg/kg). Fish were randomly distributed into 12 cages and fed three times daily for 8 weeks. Dietary GA levels have little significant effect on weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Intraperitoneal fat ratio and viscera/body ratio decreased significantly as dietary GA levels increased, and hepatosomatic index tended to decrease as dietary GA levels increased. Plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, and non-esterified free fatty acid levels also decreased as dietary GA concentrations increased. Adipose tissue and liver TNF-α expression increased significantly with increasing dietary GA levels; whereas, LPL expression showed an opposite trend. Results of this study indicate that dietary supplementation of 300 mg/kg GA had a positive effect in promoting lipid lipolysis in Megalobrama amblycephala without having a negative effect on growth through the regulation of TNF-α and LPL expression.

This chapter focuses on the preparation methods and evaluation of the morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties of some natural fillers and biopolymers-reinforced polybenzoxazine materials using different structural, mechanical, and thermal techniques. In addition, reinforcement mechanisms of the typical polybenzoxazine thermoset by these bio-fillers are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the interaction and relationship between these modifiers and the different mechanical and thermal property improvements in their polybenzoxazine blends and composites are scrutinized.

Phase behavior of dodecane–tetradecane (n-C12H26–C14H30, n-C12–C14) binary system in bulk and confined in SBA-15 (pore diameters 8 nm; 15.9 nm) has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy. The bulk system possesses some special phases relating to the rotator phase in normal alkanes. Dodecane–tetradecane mixtures confined in SBA-15 (8 nm) are a system miscible both in solid and liquid states with a phase diagram of a smooth curve. Dodecane–tetradecane system confined in SBA-15 (15.9 nm) exhibits not only solid–liquid (s–l) in all compositions but solid–solid transition in mole fractions of tetradecane 0.1–0.6, which forms a phase diagram of “loop line” shape. Melting temperatures of n-C12–C14/SBA-15 (8 nm) are lower than those of n-C12–C14/SBA-15 (15.9 nm) in all mole fractions. The evolution of the phase diagram of n-C12–C14 confined in 8 nm, 15.9 nm pore sizes of SBA-15 and in bulk, respectively, shows a dramatic effect of confinement on phase behavior of normal alkane mixtures. The s–l phase boundary lines of n-C12–C14/SBA-15 (8, 15.9 nm) are fitted as $$ T_{\text{m,r}}^{x} $$ being [ $$ xT_{{\text{m} ,r}}^{A} + \left( {1 - x} \right)T_{\text{m,r}}^{B} - D $$ ], where D is a polynomial ∑ a i x i , i = 1, 2,···, n (A = C14, B = C12).

Corpus luteum graviditatis with a follicular lutein cyst-like structure during early pregnancy in a cow - A case report

The feasible allocation of the gas well with high gas‐liquid ratio (GLR> 1 370) depends on the liquid lifting ability of well and reservoir condition. Nowadays, liquid carrying droplet physical model for gas well is represented by sphere and ellipsoid. Since the two models are different from the stress in the gas flow, the critical conditions calculated by two mathematic models derived from those physical models are different in 2.46 times. The visual experimental rack has a lucite tube with the height of 16 m and a diameter of 40 mm. Taking the compressed air and water as the experimental media, we simulated continuous liquid carrying under different gas well conditions, and captured that the actual droplet shape was ellipsoid in the stream by high‐speed video camera. In addition, we also tested the wellhead pressure, temperature, and gas production. The experiment result calculated by sphere model has 10% error and that by ellipsoid model has 58.3% error. This paper analyzes the ellipsoid stress state and experimental data, then derives a new ellipsoid mathematic model. We took 7 wells as examples and found that the calculated results were coincided with field production according to the new derived ellipsoid model.

We report a study on the micro-structural changes in GaN due to neon ion implantation using the x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering techniques. An implantation dose of 10(14) cm(-2) was found unable to produce lattice deformation observable by Raman measurements. For higher doses of implantation several disorder activated Raman scattering centers were observed which corroborate the literature. A new dose dependent feature has been recorded at 1595 cm(-1) for higher implantation doses which is suggested to be the vibrational mode of microcavities produced in the lattice.