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The vinasse is a residue of ethanol production with the potential for methane production, requiring an allochthonous inoculum. Several microorganisms act in the different phases of anaerobic digestion, and the identification of these microbial communities is essential to optimize the process. The characterization of the microbiota involved in the biodigestion of vinasse was observed in the initial stage (IS), at the peak of methane production (MS) and the end of the process (FS) of the best performance assay by high-throughput sequencing. The highest methane production was 0.78 mmolCH4.gVS.h−1 at 243.7 h in the substrate/inoculum ratio of 1.7, with consumption partial of acetic, propionic and isobutyric acids and an 82% reduction of chemical oxygen demand. High microbial diversity was found. The genera Clostridium, Acinetobacter, Candidatus Cloacamonas, Bacteroides, Syntrophomonas, Kosmotoga, the family Porphyromonadaceae and the class Bacteroidia were the most abundant in the maximum methane production. Methane production was driven by Methanobacterium and Methanosaeta, suggesting the metabolic pathways used were hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic. HIGHLIGHTS The AD of vinasse with allochthonous inoculum reached 82% reduction in COD.; The increase of OLR provided the highest methanogenic activity (0.78 mmol CH4.gVS.h−1).; Clostridium, Candidatus Cloacamonas and Acinetobacter predominated in CH4 production.; Methanobacterium and Methanosaeta drove the methane production.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:48:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-03-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Sugarcane bagasse, vinasse and a mixture of sugarcane bagasse and vinasse were hydrothermally carbonized (HTC), with and without the addition of phosphoric acid, in order to propose new applications of sucroenergetic industry by-products on soil. Detailed information on the composition and properties of hydrochars has been obtained through elemental composition, thermogravimetric analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance and, thermochemolysis GC-MS. The soluble acidic fraction from the hydrochar samples were applied to maize seeds to evaluate the agronomic potential as biostimulants and relate the molecular features with maize seed germination. The HTC treatment converted polysaccharide-based biomasses into hydrochars with hydrophobic characteristics (C-Aryl and C-Akyl). Furthermore, the addition of phosphoric acid further increased the overall hydrophobicity and shifted the thermal degradation of the hydrochars to higher temperatures. Biomass influenced the hydrochars that formed, in which the molecular features of sugarcane bagasse determined the formation of more polar hydrochar, due to the preservation of lignin and phenolic components. Meanwhile, the HTC of vinasse resulted in a more hydrophobic product with an enrichment of condensed and recalcitrant organic fractions. The germination assay showed that polar structures of bagasse may play a role in improving the maize seeds germination rate (increase of ~11%), while the hydrophobic domains showed negative effects. The responses obtained in germination seems to be related to the molecular characteristics that organic extracts can present in solution. Laboratório de Estudos Em Ciências Ambientais (LECA) Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais São José Do Rio Preto Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per L'Ambiente L'Agroalimentare Ed I Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU) Università di Napoli Federico II, Portici Dipartimento di Farmacia (DIFARMA) Università Degli Studi di Salerno Laboratório de Materiais Funcionais Avançados (LaMFA) Departamento de Física Universidade Federal Do Ceará Laboratório de Estudos Em Ciências Ambientais (LECA) Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais São José Do Rio Preto FAPESP: 17/05575–2 FAPESP: 17/17991–0 FAPESP: 18/15733–7 CAPES: 183995 CNPq: 303377/2019–4 Fundação Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico: PRONEX PR2-0101-00006.01.00/15

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:29:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-12-01 This paper reports on a sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor for lactic acid. The sensor is based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP), obtained on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with reduced graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles. The MIP was obtained by electropolymerization of the o-phenylenediamine (o-PD) on the modified surface of the GCE in the presence of lactic acid. The steps involving the GCE modification and MIP construction were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The results were evaluated using differential pulse voltammetry, using the hexacyanoferrate redox system as an electrochemical probe. Under optimized experimental conditions, the imprinted sensor has a linear response in the 0.1 nM to 1.0 nM lactic acid concentration range, with detection limit of 0.09 nM. The sensor exhibits excellent selectivity in the presence of molecules of similar chemical structure. It was applied for the selective determination of lactic acid in sugarcane vinasse. The recovery values ranged from 97.7 to 104.8%. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) Bioenergy Research Institute São Paulo State University (UNESP) Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) Bioenergy Research Institute São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are fully biodegradable biopolymers of microbial origin, with physicochemical characteristics similar to those of conventional synthetic plastics. However, their current production is highly expensive mainly due to the substrate or culture medium employed. In this research, a mixture of cane molasses and residual vinasse from the alcohol industry was evaluated as a substrate using the reference strain Ralstonia eutropha ATCC 17699 to produce PHAs. The results showed the potential of the mixture as a culture medium, after reaching polymer concentrations of 3.17 g/L in MSM medium and 2.71 g/L in M/V medium with a molasses/vinasse ratio of 25/75. There was a sugar (sucrose, fructose, and glucose) consumption yield of 70.7%, and a biopolymer accumulation of 97.8% with respect to the biomass produced. The biopolymer characterization showed a correlation with the standard polyhydroxybutyrate sample - PHB of 99.25%. Resumen Los Polihidroxialcanoatos (PHAs) son biopolímeros de origen microbiano totalmente biodegradables con características físicoquímicas similares a los plásticos sintéticos convencionales, sin embargo, su producción actual es altamente costosa debido principalmente al sustrato o medio de cultivo. En esta investigación se evaluó como sustrato, una mezcla de melaza de caña y vinaza residuales de la industria licorera empleando la cepa referencia Ralstonia eutropha ATCC 17699 para la producción de PHAs. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron potencial en el uso de este medio de cultivo, alcanzando concentraciones de polímero de 3,17 g/L en medio MMS y de 2,71 g/L en el medio M/V con una relación melaza/vinaza de 25/75. El rendimiento de consumo de azucares (sacarosa, fructosa y glucosa) fue del 70,7% y una acumulación del biopolímero del 97,8% respecto a la biomasa producida. La caracterización del biopolímero presento una correlación con la muestra patrón de polihidroxibutirato - PHB del 99,25%.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:59:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-06-01 This work reports the development of a fast and reliable amperometric sensor for the detection of amino acids. The detector was constructed using copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) supported on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) modified glassy carbon electrode (CuNPs-RGO/GCE) and based on the application of high performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). Under optimized isocratic HPAEC-PAD conditions (using 40 mmol L−1 NaOH as mobile phase, flow rate of 0.30 mL min−1 and detection potential of 0.45 V vs. Pd/PdO), the linear dynamic ranges of the concentration of amino acids obtained were 0.50–50 µmol L−1 for lysine, 1.0–100 µmol L−1 for alanine, glycine and serine, and 5.0–100 µmol L−1 for leucine. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) obtained ranged from 0.10 (for lysine and leucine) to 0.50 µmol L−1 (for alanine, glycine and serine) and sensitivity varied from 6.1 (for leucine) to 21.5 nA µmol−1 L (for serine). The average recovery percentages ranged from 97% (for glycine) to 102% (for leucine and serine). The results obtained showed that the CuNPs-RGO/GCE has good long-term stability, repeatability and reproducibility; this makes the device suitable for application as an electrochemical detector. The successful application of the proposed method for the analysis of sugarcane vinasse demonstrates its suitability for separation and determination of amino acids in complex matrices. Analytical Chemistry Department Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) Bioenergy Research Institute São Paulo State University (UNESP) Analytical Chemistry Department Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) Bioenergy Research Institute São Paulo State University (UNESP)

This work evaluated the degradation of sugarcane vinasse with the production of biomass by Pleurotus sajor-caju CCB020, considering the combination of temperature and pH effects, using surface response methodology (RSM). A 22 complete central factorial composite experiment was used to analyze the results. The optimum temperature and pH values were respectively 27°C and 5.6 for maximum decolorization yield and 20°C and 6.8 for maximum biomass production. In parallel, scale-up experiments under conditions of 30°C and initial pH 5.0 were evaluated in two different air-lift bioreactors of 7.0L. Under these conditions, reductions of 53% and 58% in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 71% and 58% in biological oxygen demand (BOD) were obtained respectively with the concentric tube type air-lift bioreactor with an increased degassing zone and without an increased degassing zone. Under these conditions, this study concluded that the systematic combination of P. sajor-caju and vinasse can be applied in the biodegradation process of refractory compounds contained in vinasse, concomitant to obtaining biomass and laccase and manganese peroxidase enzymes. Due to the good performance of the air-lift bioreactors, they can be used in scale studies in future industrial vinasse applications, besides it is possible to emphasize that different configurations in the bioreactor can affect the efficiency of the process., Supplementary data to this article can be found online at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125432., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Vinasse is the main residue from bioethanol production. If discharged in water bodies, it can impair the photosynthetic process causing great damage to the environment. However, this wastewater could be considered a by-product and used as a substrate for obtaining value-added products. In the present work, two basidiomycetous fungi were selected based on their ability to decolorize vinasse and to synthesize lignocellulolytic enzymes in agar medium. Selected fungi were identified as Pycnoporus sp. P6 and Trametes sp. T3. In liquid cultures, both fungi demonstrated their capacity to decolorize and remove phenolic compounds from diluted vinasse, with the concomitant production of ligninolytic enzymes, mainly laccases, suggesting the participation of this enzyme in the bioremediation process. This study proposes that Pycnoporus sp. P6 and Trametes sp. T3 could be used in the design of cutting-edge sustainable biotechnological processes to remedy vinasse, simultaneously synthesizing oxidative enzymes, in an environmentally friendly way. Fil: Ahmed, Pablo Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino. Provincia de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial "Obispo Colombres" (p). Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino; Argentina Fil: Pajot, Hipolito Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; Argentina Fil: Castellanos, Lucia Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; Argentina Fil: Gusils Leon, Carlos Horacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino. Provincia de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial "Obispo Colombres" (p). Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino; Argentina

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:45:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) A reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation with pulsed amperometric detection of phenolic acids at a glassy carbon electrode is described. Chromatographic separation was carried out in isocratic conditions using 0.20 mol.L-1 acetic acid (pH 5.0)/water (80 : 20, v/v) as mobile phase under constant working potential mode of 0.80 V. Chromatographic peaks presented high resolution and separation. Calibration curves exhibited excellent correlation coeffcients, above 0.995. Linear ranges of the analytes, in mg L-1, were of 0.018-18 (gallic acid), 0.146-19 (vanillic acid), 0.13-17 (caffeic acid), 0.016-16 (ferulic acid), and 0.008-17 (p-coumaric acid), respectively. Limits of detection ranged from 1.6 to 97 mu g.L-1 and precision varied in 1.73-3.78% interval. Concentrations of 19 +/- 0.51mg.L-1 and 7.8 +/- 2.5 mg.L-1 were found for vanillic and caffeic acids, respectively, in a sugarcane vinasse sample. Gallic, ferulic, and p-coumaric acids were not detected. Recovery results demonstrated that the proposed method is accurate, and it can be used to detect and quantify phenolic acids in sugarcane vinasse without any influence of interferents. Univ Fed Vicosa, Ctr Ciencias Exatas & Tecnol, Dept Tecnol Alimentos, Av Peter Henry Rolfs S-N, Vicosa, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Quim IQ CAr, Dept Quim Anal, R Prof Francisco Degni 55, BR-14800060 Araraquara, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Fluminense, Escola Engn Ind & Met Volta Redonda, Av Trabalhadores 420, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Quim IQ CAr, Dept Quim Anal, R Prof Francisco Degni 55, BR-14800060 Araraquara, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2014/23846-5

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:30:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) This study considered the application of anaerobic digestion (AD) with phase separation combined with the use of an anaerobic structured-bed reactor (ASTBR) as the methanogenic phase for the treatment of sugarcane vinasse, a high-strength wastewater resulting from ethanol production. Two combined thermophilic acidogenic-methanogenic systems formed by one single acidogenic reactor followed by two methanogenic reactors operated in parallel were compared, namely, a conventional UASB reactor and an upflow ASTBR reactor. Increasing organic loading rate (OLR) conditions (15–30 kg COD m−3d−1) were applied to the methanogenic reactors. The results highlighted the feasibility of applying the ASTBR to vinasse, indicating a global COD removal higher than 80%. The ASTBR exhibited a stable long-term operation (240 days), even for OLR values as high as 30 kg COD m−3d−1. The application of similar conditions to the UASB reactor indicated severe performance losses, leading to the accumulation of acids for every increase in the OLR. An energetic potential of 181.5 MJ for each cubic meter of vinasse was estimated from both hydrogen and methane. The provision of bicarbonate alkalinity proved to be a key factor in obtaining stable performance, offsetting the limitations of relatively low hydraulic retention times (

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:20:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-01-20 FEDER national funds through FCT - Fundacaip para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia LEPABE Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The post-treatment of biodigested sugarcane vinasse was envisaged in the present study following three different approaches: i) coagulation/flocculation - Approach 1; ii) combination of coagulation/flocculation with photo-Fenton reaction Approach 2; iii) coagulation/flocculation followed by biological degradation and photo-Fenton reaction - Approach 3. The coagulation/flocculation per se provided a slight increase in effluent's biodegradability, a decrease in toxicity and turbidity, and provided moderate removals of total organic carbon (TOC), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The operating costs associated with chemicals consumption are low (5.7 R$/m(3) approximate to 1.4 (SDC)/m(3)). The second and third treatment approaches allowed to reach a nontoxic effluent, improved the biodegradability and led to similar high global organics removal efficiencies. The combined treatment consisting of coagulation/flocculation plus photo-Fenton oxidation (Approach 2) revealed to be a promising solution for treating this wastewater, in order to be recirculated into the high rate anaerobic reactor. Additionally, this solution provides smaller costs (84.9 R$/m(3) approximate to 20.2 (SIC)/m(3)) associated with chemicals and energy consumption, which are however very high. Nonetheless, this cost can be reduced by about 40% if solar radiation is used in the photo-Fenton process. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Univ Porto, Fac Engn, Dept Engn Quim, LEPABE, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal Fac Tecnol Jaboticabal, Av Eduardo Zambianchi 31, BR-14883130 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Dept Engn Rural, Lab Saneamento Ambiental,UNESP, Campus Jaboticabal, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Porto, Fac Engn, Lab Associado LSRE LCM, LSRE Lab Proc Separacao & Reacao,Dept Engn Quim, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Dept Engn Rural, Lab Saneamento Ambiental,UNESP, Campus Jaboticabal, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil FEDER: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006939 CAPES: PNPD-3137/2010 CNPq: 483118/2011-7 CNPq: 456426/2014-0

An experiment on Fenton degradation of sugarcane vinasse was carried out to determine its effect on the wastewater characteristics. Vinasse, a by-product of distillation in the bioethanol industry, contains high organic matter, as the value of chemical oxygen demand (COD) is &gt, 100,000 mg/L and BOD5 is 31,250 mg/L. The Fenton reaction is one of the advanced oxidation process (AOP) methods which has been widely applied for the treatment of wastewater containing organic pollutants and contaminants. This method utilizes hydroxyl radical (&bull, OH) produced from the catalyzing reaction between Fe2+ or Fe3+ and hydrogen peroxide. The effect of pH, the ratio of [H2O2] and [COD], and the ratio of [H2O2] to [Fe3+] were studied in this research to evaluate the Fenton reaction. Results from this experiment showed that treatment of vinasse using the Fenton reaction decreased the COD value to 48.10%, and its biodegradability enhanced almost two times at a pH value of 3.8, a ratio of [H2O2] to [COD] of 0.62, and a ratio of [H2O2] to [Fe3+] of 50 (g/g), which demonstrated that the Fenton treatment was effective to reduce organic matter of sugarcane vinasse. Three kinetic models (first order, second order, and Behnajad&ndash, Modirshahla&ndash, Ghanbery (BMG) kinetic model) were used to evaluate the degradation of the COD value. On the basis of the value of R2 (coefficient of determination), we suggested that BMG represented the best kinetic model. This study finds that the Fenton treatment is able to mitigate the environmental impacts of sugarcane vinasse.

Vinasse is a key by-product of the ethanol manufacturing industry. Several processes have been studied for the first time in order to treat sugarcane vinasse. Removals of the absorbances (220, 254 and 410 nm) and nutrients (Ca, Mg, P, N, K and Na)≤36% were achieved in the H2SO4 precipitation with the production of a low sludge volume (rich in organic matter and magnesium). A nominal chemical oxygen demand (COD) decline = 12% was also noted when using H2SO4 precipitation, owing to the presence of soluble organic acids in vinasse. Operating pH in the Ca(OH)2 precipitation affected the removal of COD, absorbances and nutrients, obtaining high efficiencies (COD = 51%, absorbances = 88–100%, Mg = 91%, N = 74%, K = 37%, P = 95%, Na = 20%) for high precipitation pH (12–12.5). High depletions in the Ca(OH)2 precipitation can be explained by the formation of insoluble species and polymerization and precipitation of fatty acids, producing a sludge rich in Ca, P, K and Mg. Comparable results were attained for the thermocalcic precipitation. NaOH precipitation treatability for the vinasse decontamination was based on the removals of Ca (80%), P (74%), Mg (64%), N (24%), K (19%), generating a sludge rich in organic matter and nutrients (Mg, K, P and Na). The supernatant produced in the Ca(OH)2 precipitation, under optimal conditions, was subjected to: 1) a coagulation-flocculation step with FeCl3 addition (1 g L−1), improving the removals of absorbance at 410 nm, COD, phosphorus and volatile solids (VS); and 2) a novel green technology (natural carbonation) for the atmospheric CO2 mitigation with treatment and neutralization of the effluent.

Most of the metals released from industrial activity, among them are cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni), inhibit the productivity of cultures and affect microbial metabolism. In this context, the aim of this work was to investigate the capacity of sugar cane vinasse to mitigate the adverse effects of Cd and Ni on cell growth, viability, budding rate and trehalose content of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, likely because of adsorption and chelating action. For this purpose, the yeast was grown batch-wise in YED medium supplemented with selected amounts of vinasse and Cd or Ni. The negative effects of Cd and Ni on S. cerevisiae growth and the mitigating one of sugar cane vinasse were quantified by an exponential model. Without vinasse, the addition of increasing levels of Cd and Ni reduced the specific growth rate, whereas in its presence no reduction was observed. Consistently with the well-proved toxicity of both metals, cell viability and budding rate progressively decreased with increasing their concentration, but in the presence of vinasse the situation was remarkably improved. The trehalose content of S. cerevisiae cells followed the same qualitative behavior as cell viability, even though the negative effect of both metals on this parameter was stronger. These results demonstrate the ability of sugar cane vinasse to mitigate the toxic effects of Cd and Ni.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:04:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-10-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The efficiency of individual and integrated processes applied to organic matter reduction and biodegradability improvement of a biodigested sugarcane vinasse wastewater was assessed. Strategies considered were Fenton's oxidation (Strategy 1), coagulation/flocculation (Strategy 2) and the combination of both processes (coagulation/flocculation followed by Fenton's reaction) – Strategy 3. It was found that Fenton's oxidation per se allowed reducing the organic matter, increasing the wastewater biodegradability and a non-toxic effluent was generated; however the cost of treatment was very high (86.6 R$/m3 – 21.2 €/m3). Under optimized conditions, coagulation/flocculation provided a slight increase in effluent's biodegradability, toxicity towards Vibrio fischeri was also eliminated and moderate removals of total organic carbon – TOC – (30.5%), biological oxygen demand – BOD5 – (27.9%) and chemical oxygen demand – COD – (43.6%) were achieved; however, the operating costs are much smaller. The use of dissolved iron resulting from coagulation/flocculation (270 mg/L) as catalyst in the second stage – Fenton's oxidation – was shown to be an innovative and economically attractive strategy. Under optimal conditions overall removals of 51.6% for TOC, 45.7% for BOD5 and 69.2% for COD were achieved, and a biodegradable (BOD5:COD ratio = 0.54) and non-toxic effluent was obtained. In order to increase the efficiency of the process but using less hydrogen peroxide, the Fenton's oxidation was performed by gradually adding the oxidant. This procedure allowed to obtain the highest organic matter removal efficiency (as compared with the addition of all hydrogen peroxide at the beginning of the reaction). This way it was possible to minimize the reagent consumption and, consequently, reduce the treatment cost. LEPABE – Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos Ambiente Biotecnologia e Energia Departamento de Engenharia Química Faculdade de Engenharia Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias Faculdade de Tecnologia de Jaboticabal “Nilo Stéfani”, Av. Eduardo Zambianchi, 31, Vila Industrial Laboratório de Saneamento Ambiental Departamento de Engenharia Rural Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. Prof. Paulo Donato Castallene, km 5 LSRE – Laboratório de Processos de Separação e Reação Laboratório Associado LSRE/LCM Departamento de Engenharia Química Faculdade de Engenharia Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias Laboratório de Saneamento Ambiental Departamento de Engenharia Rural Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. Prof. Paulo Donato Castallene, km 5 CNPq: 483118/2011-7 CAPES: PNPD-3137/2010