Author: "Simionovici A" / Topic: chemistry - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Simionovici A"' showing total 90 results

Start Over Author "Simionovici A" Topic chemistry

90 results on '"Simionovici A"'

1. Origin of manganese in nannofossil calcite based on synchrotron nanoXRF and Xanes

Author: Isabelle Daniel, Alexandre Simionovici, Karl-Heinz Baumann, Fabienne Giraud, Marie-Pierre Aubry, Baptiste Suchéras-Marx, Camille Rivard, Luc Beaufort, Rémi Tucoulou, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Fachbereich Geowissenschaften [Bremen], Universität Bremen, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)
Subjects: Calcite, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, Paleontology, chemistry.chemical_element, Mineralogy, Manganese, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Deep sea, Incertae sedis, XANES, Diagenesis, Foraminifera, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Calcareous, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Calcareous nannofossils are micrometric calcite platelets secreted by the photosynthetic algae named coccolithophores and incertae sedis. Calcareous nannoplankton inhabit the photic zone from coast to open-ocean and have left an abundant fossil record since the Triassic. Therefore, they constitute an interesting material for geochemical studies although they have been overlooked in comparison to foraminifera. We have analyzed manganese distribution and valence in six calcareous nannofossil species representing different ages (Recent to Jurassic) and geological settings (land sections and deep ocean core-tops) and with different structures to assess the potential of Mn as a paleobiological or paleoenvironmental proxy. Nano x -Ray Fluorescence ( xrf ) maps were established at the esrf id 22 ni and id 21 beamlines and Mn k -edge x -Ray Absorption Near Edge Structure ( xanes ) at id 21. Mn is more abundant in nannofossils from pre-Quaternary rock samples than from core-top samples. In nannofossil rock samples, Mn nano xrf maps show distributions correlated with primary crystalline organization whereas in nannofossil core-top samples, Mn is either absent or does not follow the crystal organization. X anes analyses show that Mn is in the form of MnCO3. All these observations argue for Mn incorporation within calcareous nannofossils controlled by diagenesis through overgrowth of secondary calcite (Ca, Mn)CO3. Crusts grew along the original crystal growth directions. The incorporation of Mn in some core-top samples highlights potential early diagenesis input when the detached platelet lies on the seafloor or is still in the water column. Mn should therefore be considered a critical tool to identify diagenetic overgrowth rather than primary environmental conditions.
Published: 2021

2. Evidence of high Sr/Ca in a Middle Jurassic murolith coccolith species

Author: Isabelle Daniel, Alexandre Simionovici, Rémi Tucoulou, Fabienne Giraud, Baptiste Suchéras-Marx, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchroton Radiation Facility [Grenoble] (ESRF), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Calcite, Elemental composition, Coccoliths, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry, XRF, Geochemistry, Pelagic zone, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Diagenesis, Coccolith, chemistry.chemical_compound, Sr/Ca, Muroliths, Ultrastructure, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Calcareous nannofossils, Scyphosphaera apsteinii, Seawater, Photic zone, ESRF, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Paleoceanographical reconstructions are often based on microfossil geochemical analyses. Coccoliths are the most ancient, abundant and continuous record of pelagic photic zone calcite producer organisms. Hence, they could be valuable substrates for geochemically based paleoenvironmental reconstructions but only Sr/Ca is exploited even if it remains poorly understood. For example, some murolith coccoliths species have very high Sr/Ca compared to the common 1-4 mmol/mol recorded in placolith coccoliths. In this study, we analyzed the elemental composition of the Middle Jurassic murolith Crepidolithus crassus by synchrotron-based nanoXRF (X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy) mapping focusing on Sr/Ca and compared the record to two placolith species, namely Watznaueria contracta and Discorhabdus striatus. In C. crassus, Sr/Ca is more than ten times higher than in both placoliths and seems higher in the proximal cycle. By comparison with the placoliths analyzed in the same analytical set-up and from the same sample, we exclude the impact of the diagenesis and seawater Sr/Ca to explain the high Sr/Ca in C. crassus. Based on comparisons to Pontosphaera discopora and Scyphosphaera apsteinii which also have high Sr/Ca, it seems more likely that high Sr/Ca in C. crassus is either due to the vertical elongation of the R-units of the proximal cycle or related to the action of the special polysaccharide controlling the growth of those vertically elongated R-units that may have affinities to Sr2+ . In order to apply the Sr/Ca proxy to muroliths, further investigations are needed on cultured coccoliths.
Published: 2020

3. The Mode of Incorporation of As(-I) and Se(-I) in Natural Pyrite Revisited

Author: Stephan N. Steinmann, Magdalena Murdzek, Dogan Paktunc, Valentina Batanova, Alain Manceau, Olivier Mathon, Pieter Glatzel, Margarita Merkulova, Alexandre Simionovici, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Laboratoire de Chimie - UMR5182 (LC), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CanMet, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique (LGIT), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Laboratoire de Géodynamique des Chaines Alpines (LGCA), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Grenoble Alpes [2020-....] (UGA [2020-....])-Université Gustave Eiffel (UNIV GUSTAVE EIFFEL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Institut des Sciences de la Terre [2020-….] (ISTerre [2020-….]), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel (UNIV GUSTAVE EIFFEL)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2020-....] (UGA [2020-....])
Subjects: inorganic chemicals, Atmospheric Science, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, DFT, Natural (archaeology), Hydrothermal circulation, Crystal14, Geochemistry and Petrology, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Coal, selenium, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Arsenic, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chemistry, business.industry, ab initio, arsenic, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, XANES, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, EXAFS, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Environmental chemistry, engineering, Sedimentary rock, Pyrite, business, Selenium
Abstract: International audience; Pyrite (FeS2) from coal, sedimentary rocks, and hydrothermal ore deposits generally contains hazardous selenium (Se) and arsenic (As) that are released in natural waters through oxidative dissolution of the host. Knowing how As and Se are structurally incorporated into pyrite has important implication in controlling or preventing their release because trace metal(loid) substitution accelerates the dissolution of pyrite. Previous extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) studies have reported that nominally monovalent arsenic clusters at the sulfur site forming As-As pairs at 3.2 Å, whereas monovalent Se does not form Se-Se pairs at this distance for unknown reason. Here, we revisit this question using As and Se K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and EXAFS spectroscopy complemented with atomistic calculations. We find that neither As nor Se atoms can be differentiated from S atom at 3.2-3.3 Å, the cluster and dilute model-fits to As-and Se-EXAFS data yielding equivalent least-squares solutions. Thermodynamic calculations of Fe48As3S93 (3.8 wt.% As) and Fe48Se3S93 (4.0 wt.% Se) structures show that the formation of As-As pairs is energetically favorable and the formation of Se-Se pairs unfavorable. Thus, the equilibrium distribution of As and Se predicted by calculation agrees with published EXAFS data. However, this agreement is incidental because EXAFS fits are ambiguous, the same EXAFS spectra being fit indifferently with a cluster and 2 a dilute model. Regarding Se, the dilute model-fit is probably correct since Se-Se pairs are precluded thermodynamically. The situation is less clear for As. The lowest energy atomic arrangement of As in Fe48S93As3 is similar to the local structure of As in arsenopyrite (FeAsS), thus supporting the cluster model. However, the energy gain to total energy provided by the formation of As clusters decreases with decreasing As concentration, making them thermodynamically less favorable below 1.0 wt.%. Determining the actual distribution pattern of As in pyrite is challenging.
Published: 2020

4. Determination of the Cd-bearing phases in municipal solid waste and biomass single fly ash particles using SR-[micro]XRF spectroscopy

Author: Camerani, Maria Caterina, Somogyi, Andrea, Vekemans, Bart, Ansell, Stuart, Simionovici, Alexandre S., Steenari, Britt-Marie, and Panas, Itai
Subjects: Fluorescence -- Methods, Cadmium -- Identification and classification, Fly ash -- Composition, Chemistry
Abstract: By using an excitation energy of 27.0 keV, synchrotron radiation-induced micro-X-ray fluorescence (SR-[micro]XRF) is employed to extract information regarding the composition and distribution of Cd-bearing phases in municipal solid waste (MSW) and biomass fly ashes. Significance of observation is based on statistics of totally more than 100 individual MSW and biomass fly ash particles from a fluidized bed combustion (FBC) plant. Cd concentrations in the parts-per-million range are determined. In general, although previous leaching studies have indicated Cd to be predominant in the smaller-size ash particles, in the present study Cd is more evenly distributed throughout all the particle sizes. For MSW fly ashes, results indicate the presence of Cd mainly as Cd[Br.sub.2] hot-spots, whereas for biomass fly ashes, which exhibit lower Cd[X.sub.2] concentration, a thin Cd layer on/in the particles is reported. For both ashes, Ca-containing matrixes are found to be the main Cd-bearing phases. Support for this observation is found from independent first-principles periodic density functional theory calculations. The observations are condensed into a schematic mechanism for Cd adsorption on the fly ash particles.
Published: 2007

5. Classification of nerve cells from substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with the use of X-ray fluorescence microscopy and multivariate methods

Author: Chwiej, Joanna, Fik-Mazgaj, Katarzyna, Szczerbowska-Boruchowska, Magdalena, Lankosz, Marek, Ostachowicz, Jerzy, Adamek, Dariusz, Simionovici, Alexandre, and Bohic, Sylvain
Subjects: Neurons -- Research, Chemistry, Analytic -- Research, Parkinson's disease -- Research, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis -- Research, Chemistry
Abstract: The causes of Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are still not known, but there is evidence that metal ions can be involved in processes leading to degeneration and atrophy of neurons in the case of these two neurodegenerative disorders. A synchrotron microbeam X-ray fluorescence technique was applied for topographic and quantitative analyses of selected elements on central nervous system tissue. The thin slices of brain were measured on the undulator beamline ID 22 at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble, France. The polychromatic beam with the dimension of 5 [micro]m x 2 [micro]m (horizontal x vertical) was used in measurements. Tissues of substantia nigra representing Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the control case were scanned. The results obtained indicated that accumulation of some elements depends on the case that the substantia nigra represents. Some variability in the elemental distribution for a given case was noticed as well. To investigate if present differences in the elemental accumulation between analyzed cases are statistically significant, multivariate methods were used. Cluster and discriminant analyses confirmed the significance of the differences in elemental accumulation in biological structures representing the examined cases. The methods used let us classify these structures in separate groups and determine elements, which play the greatest role in the differentiation of the biological structures for each case.
Published: 2005

6. Quantification of single fluid inclusions by combining synchrotron radiation-induced [mu]-X-ray fluorescence and transmission

Author: Cauzid, J., Philippot, P., Somogyi, A., Simionovici, A., and Bleuet, P.
Subjects: Chemistry, Analytic -- Research, Chemistry
Abstract: Fluid inclusions represent the only direct samples of ancient fluids in many crustal rocks; precise knowledge of their chemical composition provides crucial information to model paleofluid--rock interactions and hydrothermal transport processes. Owing to its nondestructive character, micrometer-scale spatial resolution, and high sensitivity, synchrotron radiation-induced [mu]-X-ray fluorescence has received great interest for the in situ multielement analysis of individual fluid inclusions. Major uncertainties associated with the quantitative analysis of single fluid inclusions arise from the inclusion depth and the volume of fluid sampled by the incident beam. While the depth can be extracted directly from the fluorescence spectrum, its volume remains a major source of uncertainty. The present study performed on natural and synthetic inclusions shows that the inclusion thickness can be accurately evaluated from transmission line scans. Experimental data matched numerical simulations based on an elliptical inclusion geometry. However, for one nonelliptical inclusion, the experimental data were confirmed using a computed absorption tomography reconstruction. Good agreement between the imaging and scanning techniques implies that the latter provides reliable fluid thickness values independent of the shape of the inclusion. Taking into consideration the incident angle, the incident beam energy, the inclusion fluid salinity, and the transmission measurement stability resulted in errors of 0.3-2 [micro]m on calculated fluid inclusion thicknesses.
Published: 2004

7. X-ray fluorescence tomography of individual municipal solid waste and biomass fly ash particles

Author: Camerani, Maria Caterina, Golosio, Bruno, Somogyi, Andrea, Simionovici, Alexandre S., Steenari, Britt-Marie, and Panas, Itai
Subjects: Chemistry
Abstract: Information about Cd distribution inside single municipal solid waste and biomass fly ash particles is fundamental since it affects its leachability. The internal 2D distributions of the main and trace elements in such highly inhomogeneous matrixes were successfully determined by means of the combined synchrotron radiation induced micro X-ray fluorescence ([micro]-SRXRF) and tomography ([micro]-SRXRFT) techniques. Scanning [micro]-SRXR measurements show Cd elemental distribution within single fly ash particles to be inhomogeneous, but no information can be obtained about its internal distribution. During [micro]-SRXRFT analysis, single fly ash particles are successively measured by a rotational-translational scan in a VH = 2 x 5 [micro][m.sup.2] microbeam. The 2D internal elemental distribution images, obtained by the modified simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique algorithm, provide the size and the location of Cd-containing areas together with the location of other measurable elements. Results showed Cd concentration to be higher in the core of the fly ash particles analyzed rather than on the surface of the particles. Moreover, in both ashes, Ca-containing matrixes are found to be the main Cd-bearing phases. A possible mechanism for Cd adsorption on the fly ash particles is proposed based on the obtained results.
Published: 2004

8. A Monte Carlo Model for studying the microheterogeneity of Trace Elements in reference materials by means of synchrotron microscopic X-ray fluorescence

Author: Kempenaers, Lieven, Janssens, Koen, Vincze, Laszlo, Vekemans, Bart, Somogyi, Andrea, Drakopoulos, Michael, Simionovici, Alexandre, and Adams, Freddy
Subjects: Chemistry, Analytic, Synchrotron -- Usage, Solid state chemistry -- Research, Trace analysis -- Physiological aspects, Trace analysis -- Research, Monte Carlo method -- Usage, Chemistry
Abstract: Synchrotron micro-XRF, a trace-level microanalytical method, allows quantitative study of the nature and degree of heterogeneity of inorganic trace constituents in solid materials with a homogeneous matrix. In this work, the standard reference materials NIST SRM 613, Trace Elements in 1 mm Glass Wafers, and NIST SRM 1577a, Trace Elements in Bovine Liver, are examined at the 10-100-ng mass level using X-ray beams of 5-150 [micro] m in diameter. A procedure based on a large number of repeated analyses of small absolute amounts of the SRMs allows calculation of the minimal representative mass of the standard. The microheterogeneity of both NIST SRM 613 and NIST SRM 1577a was investigated with the aim of evaluating their suitability as reference materials for trace-level microanalytical techniques. A Monte Carlo simulation model was constructed for both homogeneous and heterogeneous materials to elucidate the dependence of the calculated minimal representative mass on the total analyzed mass in the case of materials that show strongly heterogeneous features at the microscopic level.
Published: 2002

9. Nano-imaging trace elements at organelle levels in substantia nigra overexpressing α-synuclein to model Parkinson's disease

Author: Graham Knott, Philippe Colin, Peter Cloetens, Alexandre Simionovici, Bernard L. Schneider, Laurence Lemelle, Sylvain Bohic, Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Brain and Mind Institute [Lausanne, Switzerland], École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Nucleolus, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Iron, Medicine (miscellaneous), Substantia nigra, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Lipofuscin, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Organelle, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Animals, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Cellular compartment, Organelles, Chemistry, Endoplasmic reticulum, Dopaminergic Neurons, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, Parkinson Disease, Nuclear matrix, Cellular neuroscience, 3. Good health, Rats, Trace Elements, Substantia Nigra, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Biology (General), Cytoplasm, Biophysics, alpha-Synuclein, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Female, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Synchrotrons
Abstract: Sub-cellular trace element quantifications of nano-heterogeneities in brain tissues offer unprecedented ways to explore at elemental level the interplay between cellular compartments in neurodegenerative pathologies. We designed a quasi-correlative method for analytical nanoimaging of the substantia nigra, based on transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence. It combines ultrastructural identifications of cellular compartments and trace element nanoimaging near detection limits, for increased signal-to-noise ratios. Elemental composition of different organelles is compared to cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments in dopaminergic neurons of rat substantia nigra. They exhibit 150–460 ppm of Fe, with P/Zn/Fe-rich nucleoli in a P/S-depleted nuclear matrix and Ca-rich rough endoplasmic reticula. Cytoplasm analysis displays sub-micron Fe/S-rich granules, including lipofuscin. Following AAV-mediated overexpression of α-synuclein protein associated with Parkinson’s disease, these granules shift towards higher Fe concentrations. This effect advocates for metal (Fe) dyshomeostasis in discrete cytoplasmic regions, illustrating the use of this method to explore neuronal dysfunction in brain diseases., Lemelle et al. describe the use of TEM and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence for quasi-correlative nanoimaging and sub-cellular trace element quantification of rat brain tissue. They further observe elemental (iron and sulfur) dyshomeostasis in cytoplasmic granules when overexpressing α-synuclein protein associated with Parkinson’s disease, demonstrating the usefulness of this method to further explore dysfunctions at organelle levels in brain diseases.
Published: 2019

10. High‐resolution wavelength‐dispersive spectroscopy of K‐shell transitions in hydrogen‐like gold

Author: Csilla I. Szabo, Wanqiu Chen, N. Petridis, S. Hagmann, R. Heß, K. S. Schulze, G. Weber, C. Dimopoulou, U. Spillmann, F. Nolden, Michael Lestinsky, S. Trotsenko, O. Wehrhan, D. Liesen, Ingo Uschmann, N. Winters, Renate Märtin, M. Schwemlein, T. Kämpfer, Alexandre Simionovici, K.-H. Blumenhagen, P. M. Hillenbrand, E. Ziegler, T. Gassner, Martino Trassinelli, C. Brandau, Dariusz Banaś, M. Steck, A. Gumberidze, Paul Indelicato, R. Loetzsch, M. S. Sanjari, Yu. A. Litvinov, Nicolas Winckler, F. Bosch, H. F. Beyer, Th. Stöhlker, Eckhart Förster, Danyal Winters, Robert E. Grisenti, B. Manil, Paweł P. Jagodziński, Helmholtz zentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH (GSI), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agrégats et surfaces sous excitations intenses (INSP-E10), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ottawa Research & Development Centre, Science & Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Physics [Kielce], Jan Kochanowski University, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers (LPL), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 06, X-ray Optics Croup Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)
Subjects: Materials science, Hydrogen, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], Analytical chemistry, Electron shell, chemistry.chemical_element, High resolution, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

11. X‐Rays Analysis for Space Sciences: X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Author: Alexandre Simionovici, Laurence Lemelle, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, biology, Presolar grains, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Venus, Mars Exploration Program, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Mercury (element), Meteorite, chemistry, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, In situ analysis, 0103 physical sciences, Space Science, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; X-ray analysis was introduced at the beginning of the twentieth century, right after the discovery of X-rays. It represents a specific group of methods of investigation of samples that share the same probe, the X-rays, and produces nondestructive, highly varied results of the intrinsic properties of specimens. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is the main method of X-ray analysis and, as such, constitutes the subject of this article, where it is applied to the priceless astromaterials, better known as extraterrestrial samples. These comprise recorded falls (meteorites), samples collected in space, and sample return mission (SRM) specimens brought back to Earth by space missions, or simply by in situ measurements on Solar System bodies, or from remote orbital or flyby analyses thereof.
Published: 2018

12. Origin of EL3 chondrites: Evidence for variable C/O ratios during their course of formation-A state of the art scrutiny

Author: Masaaki Miyahara, Eiji Ohtani, A. El Goresy, Alexandre Simionovici, Yangting Lin, L. Feng, Abdelmouhcine Gannoun, Maud Boyet, Mario Trieloff, Ph. Gillet, Laurence Lemelle, Bavarian Research Institute of Experimental Geochemistry and Geophysics (Bayerisches Geoinstitut), Universität Bayreuth, Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China., Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Catalyse et Synthèse Organique (LCSO), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Elevage, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bavarian Research Institute of Experimental Geochemistry and Geophysics ( Bayerisches Geoinstitut ), Universität Bayreuth-University of Bayreuth, Laboratoire de Catalyse et Synthèse Organique ( LCSO ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans ( LMV ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre ( LST ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement ( LGE ), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée ( UPEM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Mineral, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Sulfide, Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Chondrule, engineering.material, [ SDU.STU.GC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics, chemistry, Meteorite, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Chondrite, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Oldhamite, Enstatite, engineering, Lithophile, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Mineral inventories of enstatite chondrites; (EH and EL) are strictly dictated by combined parameters mainly very low dual oxygen (fO2) and sulfur (fS2) fugacities. They are best preserved in the Almahata Sitta MS-17, MS-177 fragments, and the ALHA 77295 and MAC 88136 Antarctic meteorites. These conditions induce a stark change of the geochemical behavior of nominally lithophile elements to chalcophile or even siderophile and changes in the elemental partitioning thus leading to formation of unusual mineral assemblages with high abundance of exotic sulfide species and enrichment in the metallic alloys, for example, silicides and phosphides. Origin and mode of formation of these exotic chondrites, and their parental source regions could be best scrutinized by multitask research experiments of the most primitive members covering mineralogical, petrological, cosmochemical, and indispensably short-lived isotopic chronology. The magnitude of temperature and pressure prevailed during their formation in their source regions could eventually be reasonably estimated: pre- and postaccretionary could eventually be deduced. The dual low fugacities are regulated by the carbon to oxygen ratios estimated to be >0.83 and
Published: 2017

13. Chemical Forms of Mercury in Human Hair Reveal Sources of Exposure

Author: Jean-Paul Bourdineaud, Maria Gonzalez-Rey, Mauro Rovezzi, Pieter Glatzel, Kathryn L. Nagy, Mironel Enescu, Martine Lanson, Alexandre Simionovici, Alain Manceau, Rémi Tucoulou, manceau, alain, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Minéralogie et environnements, Institut des Sciences de la Terre ( ISTerre ), Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux ( IFSTTAR ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux ( IFSTTAR ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux ( IFSTTAR ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ), ESRF-GILDA, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ( ESRF ), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Chicago] ( EAES ), University of Illinois at Chicago ( UIC ), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques ( EPOC ), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers ( OASU ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Chicago] (EAES), University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), and University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System
Subjects: spectroscopy, Absorption spectroscopy, chemistry.chemical_element, Atmospheric mercury, Food Contamination, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ethylmercury, [CHIM] Chemical Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Humans, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Methylmercury, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Fishes, hair, General Chemistry, Mercury, Contamination, Methylmercury Compounds, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Dental amalgams, Inorganic mercury, XANES, Mercury (element), [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [CHIM.THEO] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, chemistry, Seafood, speciation, Environmental chemistry, [ CHIM.THEO ] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; Humans are contaminated by mercury in different forms from different sources. In practice, contamination by methylmercury from fish consumption is assessed by measuring hair mercury concentration, whereas exposure to elemental and inorganic mercury from other sources is tested by analysis of blood or urine. Here, we show that diverse sources of hair mercury at concentrations as low as 0.5 ppm can be individually identified by specific coordination to C, N, and S ligands with high energy-resolution X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Methylmercury from seafood, ethylmercury used as a bactericide, inorganic mercury from dental amalgams, and exogenously derived atmospheric mercury bind in distinctive intermolecular configurations to hair proteins, as supported by molecular modeling. A mercury spike located by X-ray nanofluorescence on one hair strand could even be dated to removal of a single dental amalgam. Chemical forms of other known or putative toxic metals in human tissues could be identified by this approach with potential broader applications to forensic, energy, and materials science.
Published: 2016

14. Hard X-ray irradiation of cosmic silicate analogs: structural evolution and astrophysical implications

Author: T Sabri, Damien Salomon, E. Foy, Cornelia Jäger, Lisseth Gavilan, Jean-Louis Lemaire, Alexandre Simionovici, Th. Henning, S. Yagoubi, Gema Martínez-Criado, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (LAPA - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), IRAMAT - Laboratoire Métallurgies et Cultures (IRAMAT - LMC), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Astrochemistry, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Evolution, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Interstellar cloud, Analytical chemistry, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, ISM: evolution, analytical [Methods], 0103 physical sciences, Irradiation, Methods: analytical, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Dust, extinction, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Cosmic dust, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, extinction, Astronomy and Astrophysics, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Silicate, Methods: laboratory: solid state, Amorphous solid, ISM: dust, chemistry, laboratory: solid state [Methods], Space and Planetary Science, Crystallite, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: [Context] Protoplanetary disks, interstellar clouds, and active galactic nuclei contain X-ray-dominated regions. X-rays interact with the dust and gas present in such environments. While a few laboratory X-ray irradiation experiments have been performed on ices, X-ray irradiation experiments on bare cosmic dust analogs have been scarce up to now., [Aims] Our goal is to study the effects of hard X-rays on cosmic dust analogs via in situ X-ray diffraction. By using a hard X-ray synchrotron nanobeam, we seek to simulate cumulative X-ray exposure on dust grains during their lifetime in these astrophysical environments and provide an upper limit on the effect of hard X-rays on dust grain structure., [Methods] We prepared enstatite (MgSiO3) nanograins, which are analogs to cosmic silicates, via the melting-quenching technique. These amorphous grains were then annealed to obtain polycrystalline grains. These were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) before irradiation. Powder samples were prepared in X-ray transparent substrates and were irradiated with hard X-rays nanobeams (29.4 keV) provided by beamline ID16B of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (Grenoble). X-ray diffraction images were recorded in transmission mode, and the ensuing diffractograms were analyzed as a function of the total X-ray exposure time., [Results] We detected the amorphization of polycrystalline silicates embedded in an organic matrix after an accumulated X-ray exposure of 6.4 × 1027 eV cm-2. Pure crystalline silicate grains (without resin) do not exhibit amorphization. None of the amorphous silicate samples (pure and embedded in resin) underwent crystallization. We analyze the evolution of the polycrystalline sample embedded in an organic matrix as a function of X-ray exposure., [Conclusions] Loss of diffraction peak intensity, peak broadening, and the disappearance of discrete spots and arcs reveal the amorphization of the resin embedded (originally polycrystalline) silicate sample. We explore the astrophysical implications of this laboratory result as an upper limit to the effect of X-rays on the structure of cosmic silicates.
Published: 2016

15. Perspectives on heterococcolith geochemical proxies based on high-resolution X-ray fluorescence mapping

Author: Alexandre Simionovici, Fabienne Giraud, Isabelle Daniel, Rémi Tucoulou, Baptiste Suchéras-Marx, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mineralogy, X-ray fluorescence, Synchrotron radiation, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Homogeneous distribution, Calcium Carbonate, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Calcite, Portugal, Fossils, Haptophyta, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, Elements, Fluorescence, Diagenesis, Calcium carbonate, chemistry, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Seawater, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology
Abstract: International audience; Heterococcoliths are micron-scale calcite platelets produced by coccolithophores. They have been the most abundant and continuous fossil record over the last 215 million years (Myr), offering great potential for geochemical studies, although the heterococcolith fossil record remains underutilised in this domain. We have mapped heterococcoliths' composition using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) with a 100-nm resolution beam to decipher element distributions in heterococcoliths and to investigate the potential development of geochemical proxies for palaeoceanography. The study presents two Middle Jurassic Watznaueria britannica heterococcoliths from Cabo Mondego, Portugal. XRF analysis was performed with a 17 keV incident energy beam at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID22NI beamline to study elements from Sr down to S. Ca, Sr and Mn are distributed following the heterococcolith crystalline arrangement. Cl, Br and S display an homogeneous distribution, whereas K, Fe, Cu, Zn and Rb are concentrated at the edges and in the central area of the heterococcoliths. Distributions of K, Fe, Ti, Fe, Cu, Zn, Rb and to a lesser extent V and Cr are highly influenced by clay contamination and peripheral diagenetic overgrowth. Mn is related to diagenetic Mn-rich CaCO3 overgrowth on top of or between heterococcoliths shields. Cl and Br are likely to be present in heterococcoliths inside interstitial nano-domains. We assume that the cytoplasm [Cl−] and [Br−] are mediated and constant during heterococcolithogenesis. Assuming a linear correlation between cytoplasm [Cl−] and sea water [Cl−], heterococcolith Cl may have potential as a salinity proxy. As S is incorporated into heterococcoliths by sulphated polysaccharides, our study suggests a role for such polysaccharides in heterococcolithogenesis for at least 170 Myr. The low Sr/Ca in the W. britannica specimens studied here may either highlight an unusual cellular physiology of Mesozoic coccolithophores or result from low growth rates in oligotrophic environments.
Published: 2016

16. Wavelength-dispersive spectroscopy in the hard x-ray regime of a heavy highly-charged ion: The 1s Lamb shift in hydrogen-like gold

Author: P. M. Hillenbrand, E. Ziegler, Nicolas Winckler, N. Winters, U. Spillmann, Renate Märtin, N. Petridis, Martino Trassinelli, Ingo Uschmann, Paweł P. Jagodziński, F. Nolden, Christina Dimopoulou, S. Trotsenko, Dariusz Banaś, M. S. Sanjari, Michael Lestinsky, Yu. A. Litvinov, H.F. Beyer, A. Gumberidze, Csilla I. Szabo, M. Schwemlein, K. S. Schulze, T. Kämpfer, Robert E. Grisenti, R. Heß, Danyal Winters, G. Weber, B. Manil, Paul Indelicato, T. Gassner, Eckhart Förster, Christophor Kozhuharov, R. Loetzsch, Wanqiu Chen, K.-H. Blumenhagen, Thomas Stöhlker, S. Hagmann, Dieter Liesen, O. Wehrhan, C. Brandau, F. Bosch, M. Steck, Alexandre Simionovici, Helmholtz zentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH (GSI), Agrégats et surfaces sous excitations intenses (INSP-E10), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Physics [Kielce], Jan Kochanowski University, Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Institut fur Optik und Quantenelektronik, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kielce University of Technology, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers (LPL), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), European Project: 262010,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2010-1,ENSAR(2010), and École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL)
Subjects: Hydrogen, 0785Nc, QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS TEST, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), HELIUM-LIKE, URANIUM, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY, STORAGE RINGS, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, 3130J, Physics - Atomic Physics, PHYSICS, high-Z ions, Wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, 3230Rj Keywords: X-ray spectrometer, 1220Fv, COOLER, 0103 physical sciences, ENERGY-DISPERSIVE, numbers: 0785Fv, ddc:530, Crystal optics, micro-strip detector, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Physics, QED, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], Highly charged ion, storage ring, Lamb shift, chemistry, STRONG COULOMB FIELD, Atomic physics, Storage ring, TRANSITION
Abstract: New journal of physics 20(7), 073033 (2018). doi:10.1088/1367-2630/aad01d, Published by IOP, [London]
Published: 2018

17. Goldschmidt Abstracts 2009 – W

Author: Frédéric Foucher, Sue Wirick, Sandrine Villette, P. Dumas, Frances Westall, Frédéric Jamme, A. Jauss, Gordon Southam, Laurence Lemelle, François Robert, Jan Toporski, L. Laclean, Alexandre Simionovici, Yves Marrocchi, Murielle Salomé, B. Cavalazzi, S. Mostafaoui, and Anders Meibom
Subjects: Elemental composition, Geochemistry and Petrology, Chemistry, Environmental chemistry, In situ analysis, Microbial mat
Published: 2009

18. Goldschmidt Abstracts 2009 – O

Author: Pierre Beck, Bernard Schmitt, Eric Quirico, V. De Andrade, François-Régis Orthous-Daunay, Sylvie Derenne, Alexandre Simionovici, and Laurence Lemelle
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, 010506 paleontology, Mineralogy, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Hydrothermal circulation, Astrobiology, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Chondrite, Organic matter, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: CI1, CM2, CR2 and ungrouped C2 carbonaceous chondrites contain a few percent of insoluble organic matter (IOM) which could provide clues on the organic chemistry of nebular and/or protostellar environments. These chondrites also have experienced complex hydrothermal processes on parent bodies [1-3]. A major issue is the understanding of IOM compositional and structural changes due to hydrothermalism. Chemical variability has been reported among various IOMs, and so far interpreted as the consequence of oxidation processes [4; 5]. The primordial diversity of organic precursors could be also involved.
Published: 2009

19. In situ imaging of organic sulfur in 700–800 My-old Neoproterozoic microfossils using X-ray spectromicroscopy at the S K-edge

Author: Philippe Labrot, Murielle Salomé, Alexandre Simionovici, Laurence Lemelle, Michel Viso, and Frances Westall
Subjects: In situ, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Proterozoic, chemistry.chemical_element, Mineralogy, X-ray fluorescence, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Sulfur, XANES, Biogeology, Precambrian, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Kerogen, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The study of very ancient microfossils has recently raised contentious issues regarding interpretation of the biogenicity of the structures. In situ investigation of certain elements such as sulfur within potential microfossils is a powerful complement to other methods of investigation that can provide valuable information on biogenicity. We present here a first such study on Precambrian microfossils from the 700–800-My-old Neoproterozoic Draken Formation, Svalbard, using scanning X-ray microscopy (SXM) in the fluorescence mode and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) at the sulfur K-edge. SXM allowed mapping of up to 300 ppm of probably endogenous sulfur within the kerogenous walls of Myxococcoides chlorelloidea microfossils. XANES showed that the sulfur is most likely contained in heterocyclic organic compounds, such as thiophene(s).
Published: 2008

20. In situmapping of high-pressure fluids using hydrothermal diamond anvil cells

Author: Bénédicte Ménez, D. Massare, Andrea Somogyi, L. Daudin, Hélène Bureau, M. Bonnin-Mosbah, Alexandre Simionovici, Valérie Malavergne, Hicham Khodja, Jean-Paul Gallien, and Cliff S. J. Shaw
Subjects: Quenching, In situ, Materials science, Aqueous solution, Analytical chemistry, Synchrotron radiation, Mineralogy, Condensed Matter Physics, Diamond anvil cell, Synchrotron, Hydrothermal circulation, Silicate, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, law
Abstract: We present new results combining high pressures and temperatures attainable in a diamond anvil cell with in situ synchrotron radiation induced micro-X-ray fluorescence measurements. Hydrothermal diamond anvil cells experiments have been performed by measuring the partitioning of Pb between aqueous fluids (pure water or NaCl-enriched water) and hydrous silicate melts of haplogranite composition using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence. The in situ measurements were performed in the range 0.3–1.2 GPa and 730–850 °C both in the aqueous fluid and in the silicate melts being in equilibrium. Pb is strongly partitioned into high-pressure–temperature hydrous melts when Cl is present in either the hydrous melt or the aqueous fluid. Moreover, our comparisons of in situ results with post-mortem results show that significant changes take place during rapid quenching especially when samples are small (few hundred of microns in diameter). Water exsolution is induced by the quench in the silicate melt showing the high mobil...
Published: 2007

21. Crystal optics for precision x-ray spectroscopy on highly charged ions-conception and proof

Author: S. Hagmann, M. Schwemlein, C. Brandau, T. Kämpfer, O. Wehrhan, Wanqiu Chen, C. Dimopoulou, T. Gassner, Paul Indelicato, B. Manil, M. Steck, Csilla I. Szabo, U. Spillmann, Martino Trassinelli, Dariusz Banaś, N. Winters, A. Gumberidze, N. Petridis, S. Trotsenko, Ingo Uschmann, Renate Märtin, Th. Stöhlker, Danyal Winters, Yu. A. Litvinov, R. Heß, Kai S. Schulze, F. Bosch, Paweł P. Jagodziński, H. F. Beyer, F. Nolden, E. Ziegler, Nicolas Winckler, Eckhart Förster, Dieter Liesen, C. Kozhuharov, Michael Lestinsky, Robert E. Grisenti, Alexandre Simionovici, P. M. Hillenbrand, R. Loetzsch, G. Weber, M. S. Sanjari, K.-H. Blumenhagen, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Community [262010], Helmholtz Alliance [HA216/EMMI], HIC-for-FAIR through HGS-HIRe, and Helmholtz-CAS Joint Research Group [HCJRG-108]
Subjects: Physics, X-ray spectroscopy, Spectrometer, QED, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, X-ray optics, Germanium, storage ring, x-ray spectroscopy, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Crystal, Optics, chemistry, x-ray optics, ddc:530, Crystal optics, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], business, Spectroscopy, Nuclear Experiment, heavy ions, Storage ring
Abstract: International audience; The experimental investigation of quantum-electrodydamic contributions to the binding energies of inner shells of highly charged heavy ions requires an accurate spectroscopy in the region of hard x-rays suitable at a limited source strength. For this purpose the focusing compensated asymmetric Laue crystal optics has been developed and a twin-spectrometer assembly has been built and commissioned at the experimental storage ring of the GSI Helmholtzzentrum Darmstadt. We characterize the crystal optics and demonstrate the usefulness of the instrumentation for accurate spectroscopy of both stationary and fast moving x-ray sources. The experimental procedures discussed here may also be applied for other spectroscopic studies where a transition from conventional germanium x-ray detectors to crystal spectrometers seems too demanding because of low source intensity.
Published: 2015

22. Standardless quantification of single fluid inclusions using synchrotron radiation induced X-ray fluorescence

Author: Bénédicte Ménez, Pierre Bleuet, Jean Cauzid, Pascal Philippot, Andrea Somogyi, Alexandre Simionovici, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), Synchrotron Soleil, DiffAbs beamline, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France (SYNCHROTRON SOLEIL, DIFFABS BEAMLINE, SAINT-AUBIN, BP 48, 91192 GIF-SUR-YVETTE CEDEX, FRANCE), and Synchrotron Soleil, DiffAbs beamline, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
Subjects: Synchrotron radiation, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, X-ray fluorescence, Analytical chemistry, Geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Fluid inclusion, 01 natural sciences, Fluorescence, 0104 chemical sciences, Transition metal, Geochemistry and Petrology, Yield (chemistry), Calibration, Fluid inclusions, Inclusion (mineral), Quantitative analysis, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Fluid inclusions are studied using synchrotron radiation induced μ-X-ray fluorescence (μ-SR-XRF). We analyse inclusions from the Brusson gold deposit, Italy. Several two-phase (liquid plus gas) inclusions of a single generation are used to compare a new standardless quantification procedure to previously published internal and external standardisation procedures. The three procedures are based on an infinite homogeneous plane layer and the calculations are performed with a non-iterative fundamental parameter method. Results show a good agreement between the average of the calculated concentrations obtained with the three procedures and the corresponding crush-leach analysis. Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn and As crush-leach concentrations are within error bars of the μ-SR-XRF concentration estimates. Br crush-leach content is above μ-SR-XRF estimates. Ti, Cr, Mn, Ni and Pb were detected with μ-SR-XRF technique only. These elements show different concentrations from one inclusion to another, suggesting heterogeneous trapping of tiny, infra-microscopic solid phases. The good correspondence between the results obtained using the three calibration procedures show that accurate standardless quantitative analysis of individual fluid inclusions is achievable. Statistical error calculation of the three procedures shows that the standardless quantification method yields more accurate results than the internal or external standard procedures. Uncertainties on inclusion depths strongly affect calculated light element concentrations (Cl to Ca), whereas Mn and heavier elements concentration estimates are more sensitive to errors on fluid inclusion thickness. Uncertainties of ± 1 μm or less on fluid inclusion thickness and depth yield statistical errors of not, vert, similar 50% on Cl concentration estimates and lower than 20% on transition metals. This new standardless-μ-SR-XRF based quantification procedure is more precise than the previously established ones and is efficiently applied to multielementary analysis (Cl to Pb) of diluted individual fluid inclusions.
Published: 2006

23. A library for X-ray–matter interaction cross sections for X-ray fluorescence applications

Author: Andrea Somogyi, Antonio Brunetti, M. Sanchez del Rio, Bruno Golosio, and Alexandre Simionovici
Subjects: Anomalous scattering, business.industry, Chemistry, Scattering, Interface (computing), Compton scattering, X-ray fluorescence, Photoionization, Fluorescence, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Analytical Chemistry, Computational physics, Software, Optics, business, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy
Abstract: Quantitative estimate of elemental composition by spectroscopic and imaging techniques using X-ray fluorescence requires the availability of accurate data of X-ray interaction with matter. Although a wide number of computer codes and data sets are reported in literature, none of them is presented in the form of freely available library functions which can be easily included in software applications for X-ray fluorescence. This work presents a compilation of data sets from different published works and an xraylib interface in the form of callable functions. Although the target applications are on X-ray fluorescence, cross sections of interactions like photoionization, coherent scattering and Compton scattering, as well as form factors and anomalous scattering functions, are also available.
Published: 2004

24. A new nondestructive X-ray method for the determination of the 3D mineralogy at the micrometer scale

Author: Christophe Rau, Philippe Gillet, Alexandre Simionovici, Robert Truche, Laurence Lemelle, and Marina Chukalina
Subjects: Olivine, Scanning electron microscope, Resolution (electron density), Analytical chemistry, Mineralogy, X-ray fluorescence, engineering.material, Synchrotron, Silicate, law.invention, Micrometre, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geophysics, chemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, law, Attenuation coefficient, engineering, Geology
Abstract: The combination of synchrotron-based X-ray absorption and fluorescence computed tomographies (CT) is a new method allowing a noninvasive and nondestructive determination of the three-dimensional (3D) mineralogy with micrometer resolution of sub-millimeter silicate grains, possibly stored in a silica holder. These CT were performed with beams of a few tens of keV from a third-generation synchrotron source on one olivine grain of the NWA817 Martian meteorite presenting a reddish alteration phase. The reconstructed sections show a network of fractures and a few micrometer-thick layers formed on one grain. The 3D facet orientation and the X-ray attenuation coefficient indicate that this grain is an Fo44±9 olivine crystal. The fluorescence section reveals rims enriched in Fe (a major element) or depleted in Ca (a minor element). This CT combination shows that the micrometer-thick layer is preferentially formed on the (010) olivine face and has a lower density (3.5 ± 0.4 g/cm3 ) than the olivine, even though it is enriched in Fe. Its complex nano-petrography and the distributions of nanometer-sized voids and fractures in such a micrometer thick layer, first observed by scanning electron microscopy on focused ion-beam cuts, is not shown by CT. The precision presently achieved, although moderate, is sufficient to obtain a 3D semi-quantitative view of the mineralogy consistent with the one previously established by electron probe microanalyses (Sautter et al. 2002).
Published: 2004

25. X-ray Fluorescence Tomography of Individual Municipal Solid Waste and Biomass Fly Ash Particles

Author: Maria Caterina Camerani, Alexandre Simionovici, Andrea Somogyi, Britt-Marie Steenari, Bruno Golosio, and Itai Panas
Subjects: Microprobe, Municipal solid waste, Chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, Synchrotron radiation, X-ray fluorescence, Microbeam, Coal Ash, Carbon, Analytical Chemistry, Incineration, Adsorption, Fly ash, Calcium, Environmental Pollutants, Particulate Matter, Particle Size, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Synchrotrons, Cadmium, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: Information about Cd distribution inside single municipal solid waste and biomass fly ash particles is fundamental since it affects its leachability. The internal 2D distributions of the main and trace elements in such highly inhomogeneous matrixes were successfully determined by means of the combined synchrotron radiation induced micro X-ray fluorescence (micro-SRXRF) and tomography (micro-SRXRFT) techniques. Scanning micro-SRXRF measurements show Cd elemental distribution within single fly ash particles to be inhomogeneous, but no information can be obtained about its internal distribution. During micro-SRXRFT analysis, single fly ash particles are successively measured by a rotational-translational scan in a VH=2 x 5 microm2 microbeam. The 2D internal elemental distribution images, obtained by the modified simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique algorithm, provide the size and the location of Cd-containing areas together with the location of other measurable elements. Results showed Cd concentration to be higher in the core of the fly ash particles analyzed rather than on the surface of the particles. Moreover, in both ashes, Ca-containing matrixes are found to be the main Cd-bearing phases. A possible mechanism for Cd adsorption on the fly ash particles is proposed based on the obtained results.
Published: 2004

26. Topographic and quantitative microanalysis of human central nervous system tissue using synchrotron radiation

Author: Sylvain Bohic, Anna Krygowska-Wajs, Barbara Tomik, J. Ostachowicz, Andrzej Szczudlik, Dariusz Adamek, A. Simionovici, Marek Lankosz, and Magdalena Szczerbowska-Boruchowska
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Chemistry, Central nervous system, Microbeam, Human brain, medicine.disease, Spinal cord, White matter, Central nervous system disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Atrophy, medicine, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Spectroscopy
Abstract: Synchrotron microbeam X-ray fluorescence (μ-SXRF) was applied for topographic and quantitative analysis of selected elements in human brain and spinal cord. The main goal of the study is a better understanding of the role of elements, mainly metals, in processes leading to degeneration and atrophy of nerve cells in cases of two neurodegenerative disorders, i.e. Parkinson's disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The samples were taken during the autopsy from patients deceased with PD, ALS, and from a patient who died due to non-neurological conditions. In measurements, a 5 x 2 μm 2 X-ray beam was applied for scanning the thin tissue slices. Two-dimensional maps of elemental distribution were compared with histopathological sections. The results obtained showed that the spatial distribution of selected elements precisely corresponds to the microscopic views of scanned area of tissue. Moreover, differences in accumulation of selected elements in nerve cell bodies and areas representing white matter between patients affected by PD, ALS and the control case were noticed. The present investigation showed that the μ-SXRF technique is suitable for elemental analysis at the single cell level in applications in neurological research.
Published: 2004

27. Deep reactive ion etching of silicon and diamond for the fabrication of planar refractive hard X-ray lenses

Author: J. Hoszowska, Hugo E. Rothuizen, Christian David, B. Nöhammer, and A. Simionovici
Subjects: Materials science, Silicon, business.industry, X-ray optics, Diamond, chemistry.chemical_element, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Lens (optics), Optics, chemistry, law, engineering, Deep reactive-ion etching, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Reactive-ion etching, business, Lithography, Electron-beam lithography
Abstract: We report on the fabrication of diamond and silicon refractive X-ray lenses. These are made using e-beam lithography and deep reactive ion etching. The diamond lenses are promising candidates for optics meeting the extreme requirements of planned X-ray sources based on the free electron laser principle. The silicon lenses are well suited for micro-focusing applications at hard X-ray energies above 20 keV. We measured efficiencies up to 78% and a width of the line-focus down to 3 µm for these lenses. The possibility to compensate for lens aberrations using stacked lenses is discussed. A simple method for the stacking of two silicon devices (lenses) by means of micro-mechanical alignment marks is shown, giving an alignment accuracy in the micron range.
Published: 2003

28. X-ray fluorescence tomography for non-destructive semi-quantitative study of microobjects

Author: Christoph Rau, A. Simionovici, Marina Chukalina, Philippe Gillet, Laszlo Vincze, and Laurence Lemelle
Subjects: Data processing, Optics, Distribution function, Beamline, business.industry, Chemistry, Non destructive, General Physics and Astronomy, X-ray fluorescence, Tomography, Radiation, business, Spectral line
Abstract: The goal of this work is to present the current state of the X-ray Fluorescence Computed Microtomography. The advantages of both the experimental techniques and the data processing (the ESRF ID22 beamline facilities [1]) are considered. The latter one includes the spectra treatment, reconstruction of the atomic density distribution function of the element under consideration and/or calculation of the element effective concentration map and calculation of the element ratio maps. Possible ways of estimating the space resolution and the accuracy are discussed. Results of the tomographic investigation of the NWA817 meteorite micro-grain are presented.
Published: 2003

29. X-ray imaging techniques and exobiology

Author: Christoph Rau, Marina Chukalina, Bruno Golosio, Philippe Gillet, Phil M. Oger, Laurence Lemelle, Jean Susini, and Alexandre Simionovici
Subjects: business.industry, General Physics and Astronomy, Mineralogy, Synchrotron radiation, X-ray fluorescence, Silicate, Synchrotron, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, chemistry, law, Coincident, Extraterrestrial life, Tomography, business, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
Abstract: X-ray imaging techniques at the best spatial resolution and using synchrotron facilities are put forth as powerful techniques for the search of small life forms in extraterrestrial rocks under quarantine conditions. Absorption and fluorescence X-ray microtomographies on sub-millimeter silicate assemblages inside a container reveal the mineralogical microenvironments were life should be looked for in priority. Limitations with respect to bacterial detection are due to the difficulties to obtain information about light elements (Z less than or equal to 14), major constituents of biological and silicate samples. The X-ray signature of a "present" bacteria on a silicate surface was defined by X-ray mapping, out of a container, as coincident micrometer and oval zones having strong P and S fluorescence lines (S-fluorescence being slightly lower than P-fluorescence) and an amino-linked sulfur redox speciation. The detection of a single cell along with new procedures to calculate tomographic views will allow considerable improvements of 3D detection of life by X-ray techniques.
Published: 2003

30. Analysis of a Roman Centaurus from Canas de Senhorim (Portugal)-Comparative study using EDXRF and SXRF

Author: A. Simionovici, Sylvain Bohic, A. Barreiros, Pedro Valério, Ana Ávila de Melo, Teresa Pinheiro, and Maria Fátima Araújo
Subjects: Microprobe, law, Chemistry, Alloy, engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, Mineralogy, Bronze, engineering.material, Alloy composition, Monochromatic radiation, Synchrotron, law.invention
Abstract: A decoration figure of a ritual bronze vase from Canas de Senhorim (Portugal) was analysed by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectromttly and Synchrotron Inducted X-Ray Fluorescence (SXRF) microprobe spectrometry. This artefact, a CenSuas constitutesthe first evidencefor a possible Roman occupation of this region of central Portugal and it is also one of the very few artefacts of this type ever found. The determination of the Centaurus alloy composition will be important in the flurthercomprehension of the metallurgical technologies used by the Romans in this region. EDXRF analysis of the corroded surface were made using the monochromatic radiation emitted by Ag and Gd secondary targets excited by a Rh X-ray tube at 35kV and 57 kV, respectively. SXRF experiments were carried out both on the corroded surface and on a small clean area of the artefact, using both monochromatic and polychromaticexcitations with 32 key and 12 keV radiations. EDXRF results allowed the determination of the alloy bulk composition. The SXRF comparative analysis between the clean and corroded are evidences the surface enrichment in Sn and establishes the composition of the original alloy. The Cenlaurus alloy is a bronze with rather high Pb content, which is characteristic of the Roman decorative artefacts.
Published: 2003

31. X-ray fluorescence tomography of individual waste fly ash particles

Author: Britt-Marie Steenari, Bruno Golosio, A. Simionovici, Andrea Somogyi, and C. Camerani
Subjects: business.industry, Chemistry, Analytical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray optics, Iterative reconstruction, Optics, Simultaneous Algebraic Reconstruction Technique, Fly ash, Particle, Tomography, business, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
Abstract: Fluorescence tomography is a non-destructive, non-invasive technique that provides information about the internal spatial distribution of each element that emits a detectable fluorescence signal from the measured slice of the sample. The reconstruction problem for fluorescence tomography is much more difficult than it is for transmission tomography, due to the absorption of the photons within the excitation and detection paths. The present work presents a reconstruction technique that is based on the SART (Simultaneous Algebraic Reconstruction Technique) algorithm, which has been modified in order to take into account absorption corrections. This technique has been applied to the analysis of individual waste fly ash particles of about 8O 150 micron diameters, which have been scanned using an X-ray beam of V*H=2*5 μm 2 spot-size and placing an energy dispersive Si(Li) X-ray detector at 90 degrees to the incoming excitation beam. From previous scanning μ-SRXRF measurements it is clear that the elemental distribution within individual fly ash particles is highly inhomogeneous but no information could be obtained on the location of the different investigated elements (within/on the surface of the particle). On the other hand the location of toxic elements within individual fly ash particles affects the possible fate of these elements during e.g. fly-ash recycling. Thus the aim of this study was to investigate the 2D internal elemental distribution of the particles, with special attention to that of the toxic metals, such as Zn, Cd, Pb.
Published: 2003

32. Focusing of hard X-rays using diamond and silicon refractive lenses

Author: J. Hoszowska, Andreas K. Freund, B. Nöhammer, Christian David, A. Simionovici, and Andrea Somogyi
Subjects: Free electron model, Fabrication, Materials science, Silicon, business.industry, Material properties of diamond, General Physics and Astronomy, X-ray optics, chemistry.chemical_element, Diamond, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, engineering.material, Laser, law.invention, Full width at half maximum, Optics, chemistry, law, engineering, business
Abstract: The fabrication and testing of planar refractive lenses made from diamond and silicon is reported. We obtained efficiencies up to 78% and 31 % for diamond and silicon lenses, respectively. A FWHM of the line-focus down to 3 pm has been achieved for both types of lenses. Using two crossed silicon lenses in series 2-dimensional focusing has been demonstrated, resulting in a micro focus of 7*14 μm at 35 key This demonstrates the feasibility of silicon lenses for micro-focusing applications at extreme photon energies (above approx. 30 keV). Due to the unique physical properties of diamond, diamond lenses should be able to withstand the extreme flux densities expected at future X-ray free electron lasers (X-FELs). This makes diamond refractive lenses very promising candidates for applications at these 4'generation x-ray sources.
Published: 2003

33. Lifetime Measurement of the Metastable 23P0State in Helium-like197Au

Author: S. Toleikis, Y. Zou, Zbigniew Stachura, Dieter Liesen, H. F. Beyer, R. W. Dunford, Xinwen Ma, Paul Indelicato, C. Kozhuharov, A. Gumberidze, E. Berdermann, M. Czanta, Thomas Stöhlker, Alexandre Simionovici, D. H. Schneider, Richard Marrus, A. Warczak, F. Bosch, and B. Manil
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, chemistry, Metastability, chemistry.chemical_element, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Helium
Published: 2003

34. Liquid metal penetration at grain boundaries: Characterization by synchrotron radiation micro-radiography and micro-fluorescence

Author: D. Bellet, N. Marie, J. Ouillier, K. Wolski, Christoph Rau, J. Teyssier, Alexandre Simionovici, and Wolfgang Ludwig
Subjects: Crystallography, X ray radiography, Chemistry, Time resolved spectra, Analytical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Synchrotron radiation, Grain boundary, Fluorescence
Abstract: La penetration des metaux liquides aux joints de grains de metaux solides en l'absence de contrainte exterieure peut, pour un certain nombre de couples specifiques, conduire a la fragilisation du solide. Nous presentons dans ce papier deux techniques d'imagerie synchrotron qui sont bien adaptees pour observer ce type de phenomene. La micro-radiographie synchrotron a ete utilisee pour caracteriser la cinetique de penetration pour le couple Al/Ga. Nous montrons que la version moderne de radiographie par absorption possede la resolution spatiale et temporelle adequate pour etudier la penetration de films sub-microniques de Ga liquide localises aux joints de grains de bicristaux d'aluminium. La micro-fluorescence synchrotron est quant a elle bien adaptee pour la detection de traces d'elements dans des systemes tres dilues. Au detriment de la resolution spatiale et temporelle, cette technique permet la detection de quantites infimes d'atomes diffusant aux joints de grains de metaux solides.
Published: 2002

35. Iron distribution in cancer cells following doxorubicin exposure using proton and X-ray synchrotron radiation microprobes

Author: Richard Ortega, B. Ménez, M. Bonnin-Mosbah, Sylvain Bohic, A. Simionovici, Guillaume Devès, Chimie Nucléaire Analytique et Bio-environnementale (CNAB), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Laboratoire Pierre Süe (LPS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Absorption (pharmacology), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Anthracycline, Iron, chemistry.chemical_element, Iodine, 01 natural sciences, Synchrotron, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nuclear microprobe, medicine, Doxorubicin, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Hydrogen peroxide, PACS, Instrumentation, Cancer, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Radiochemistry, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, Cancer cell, Hydroxyl radical, Intracellular, medicine.drug, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract: International audience; Chemical studies have shown that doxorubicin, a well-established anticancer agent, is a powerful iron chelator and the resultant iron - drug complex is an efficient catalyst of the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to the highly reactive hydroxyl radical. However, the intracellular complexation of doxorubicin with iron is still debated. Using nuclear microprobe analysis (NMPA), we previously observed in human ovarian cancer cells exposed to 20 μM iodo-doxorubicin (IDX) that iodine and iron cellular distributions were spatially correlated, suggesting a mechanism of intracellular iron chelation by the anthracycline compound. Because maximal plasma drug concentrations in patients are expected to be around 5 μM, NMPA and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) experiments for iron speciation analysis were performed on cultured cells exposed to pharmacological doses of 2 μM IDX or doxorubicin.
Published: 2001

36. Mapping trace-metal (Cu, Zn, As) distribution in a single fluid inclusion using a third generation synchrotron light source

Author: Michael Drakopoulos, Bénédicte Ménez, Alexandre Simionovici, Irena Snigireva, Pascal Philippot, Anatoly Snigirev, Laboratoire de Pétrologie, Modélisation de Matériaux et Processus (UMR 7160), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and European Synchrotron Research Facility
Subjects: Diffraction, Trace Amounts, Chemistry, X-ray fluorescence, Analytical chemistry, Synchrotron radiation, Geology, Synchrotron light source, Fluid inclusion, Trace-element analysis, Synchrotron, law.invention, Beamline, Geochemistry and Petrology, law, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Fluid inclusions
Abstract: International audience; The concentration and spatial distribution of relatively dilute (10 to 100 ppm) trace metals (Cu, Zn and As) were determined for individual fluid inclusions from a gold-quartz vein at Brusson, western Italian Alps, using synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SXRF). The analyses were performed on beamline ID-22 Micro-FID (Fluorescence, Imaging, Diffraction) of the European Synchrotron Research Facility (ESRF) Grenoble, France. The experimental set-up ensured a focal spot at the sample position of 2×7 μm and a flux of 1010 photons/s. Fluorescence X-ray maps were collected for several fluid inclusions. An example of the distribution of As in a fluid inclusion oriented at high angle to the wafer surface is presented. For each X-ray fluorescence spectrum, the (Kα/Kβ)As ratio of As was used as a means of estimating the thickness of quartz traversed by the photon beam. This value was used in turn for correcting As count rates. The correction procedure resulted in uniformising the count rates of As in the liquid portion of the inclusion and allowed visualizing the vapour bubble which contains only trace amounts of As. The strategy for computing the composition of the inclusion fluid was to use one element from crush leach analysis (As) as an internal standard to calculate the concentrations of the other cations (Cu and Zn) present in the solution. Results of this calculation show that element concentration estimates calculated using SXRF spectra are in relatively good agreement with those determined by crush-leach analysis. This indicates that the fluid trapped in the sample studied was homogeneous with respect to electrolyte composition. These results indicate that third generation synchrotron light source is a promising technique for tracking trace metals in individual inclusions (down to the tenths of ppm level) and, hence, as an invaluable tool for reconstructing the relative chronology of paleo-hydrothermal events responsible for the concentration of economic resources.
Published: 2001

37. X-ray imaging of uranium in individual fluid inclusions

Author: B. Ménez, M. Cuney, I. Snigireva, A. Snigirev, A. Simionovici, A. Chabiron, Pascal Philippot, Laboratoire de Pétrologie, Modélisation de Matériaux et Processus (UMR 7160), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), European Synchrotron Research Facility, Géologie et gestion des ressources minérales et énergétiques (G2R), and Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Analytical chemistry, Synchrotron radiation, chemistry.chemical_element, Geology, Uranium, Fluid transport, Homogeneous distribution, Synchrotron, law.invention, Crystallography, Beamline, chemistry, law, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Fluid inclusions, Inclusion (mineral)
Abstract: International audience; The spatial distribution of major (K, Ca, Mn, Fe) and trace elements (Ti, Cr, Cu, As, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, Pb, Th, U) were determined in individual fluid inclusions from quartz veins of the Streltsov uranium deposit, Russia, using synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SXRF). The analyses were performed on the beamline ID-22 Micro-FID (Fluorescence, Imaging, Diffraction) of the European Synchrotron Research Facility (ESRF, Grenoble, France). Fluorescence X-ray maps of single fluid inclusions show a relatively homogeneous distribution of most elements throughout the inclusion, whereas Fe and, to a lesser extent, Sr display highly localized count rates. This observation argues for the presence of minute, optically invisible, compounds that are precipitated inside the inclusion. Simple model calculations indicate that relatively diluted solutions (10–100 ppm U) trapped at geologically relevant temperatures (e.g. 250 °C) would precipitate submicron sized particles. These particles would be highly reactive to the photon flux but not necessarily visible under the microscope. These results indicate that third-generation synchrotron light source can be a powerful technique to study the physical processes undergone by the fluid. When combined with chemical data, this technique can help to clarify fluid transport properties in natural systems.
Published: 2000

38. Thlaspi arvense binds Cu(II) as a bis-(L-histidinato) complex on root cell walls in an urban ecosystem

Author: Kathryn L. Nagy, Jean-Philippe Bedell, Alexandre Simionovici, Alain Manceau, Martine Lanson, Jonathan Perrin, Rémi Tucoulou, Sylvain Bohic, Matthew A. Marcus, Sirine C. Fakra, Minéralogie et environnements, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), ANTE-INSERM U836, équipe 6, Rayonnement synchrotron et recherche médicale, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)-Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Advanced Light Source [LBNL Berkeley] (ALS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Impacts des Polluants sur les Écosystèmes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Chicago] (EAES), University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Models, Molecular, 0106 biological sciences, Denticity, Biophysics, chemistry.chemical_element, Plant Roots, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Biomaterials, Metal, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, subcellular-localization, Cell Wall, Coordination Complexes, ray-absorption spectroscopy, medicine, Imidazole, Histidine, Chelation, elsholtzia-splendens, Ecosystem, Thlaspi arvense, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, Lability, Copper toxicity, Metals and Alloys, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Copper, Thlaspi, Crystallography, chemistry, in-situ, Chemistry (miscellaneous), visual_art, Environmental chemistry, visual_art.visual_art_medium, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Root cell walls accumulate metal cations both during acquisition from the environment and removal from the protoplast to avoid toxicity, but molecular forms of the metals under field conditions remain elusive. We have identified how copper is bound to cell walls of intact roots of native Thlaspi arvense by combining synchrotron X-ray fluorescence and absorption techniques (XANES and EXAFS) at the nano-, micro-, and bulk scales. The plants grew naturally in sediment in a stormwater runoff basin at copper concentrations typical of urban ecosystems. About 90% of acquired copper is bound in vivo to cell walls as a unique five-coordinate Cu(II)-bis(L-histidinato) complex with one L-histidine behaving as a tridentate ligand (histamine-like chelate) and the other as a bidentate ligand (glycine-like chelate). Tridentate binding of Cu(II) would provide thermodynamic stability to protect cells against copper toxicity, and bidentate binding may enable kinetic lability along the cell wall through protein-protein docking with the non-bonded imidazole group of histidine residues. EXAFS spectra are provided as ESI dagger to facilitate further identification of Cu-histidine and distinction of Cu-N from Cu-O bonds in biomolecules.
Published: 2013

39. L'émission X des ions multichargés N7+, O8+, en interaction avec une surface métallique

Author: H. J. Andrä, M. Chassevent, A. Brenac, M. Bonnefoy, T. Wahi, A. Fleury, S. Andriamonje, Alexandre Simionovici, T. Lamy, J.J. Bonnet, and G. Lamboley
Subjects: Physics, Range (particle radiation), Relative intensity, Branching fraction, Tantalum, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, Photon energy, Ion, chemistry, Incident energy, Atomic physics
Abstract: The X ray spectra arising from collisions of bare ions (N 7+ and 0 8+ at 20 q KeV incident energy) on Tantalum surface has been measured in the 400- 1400 eV photon energy range. The hypersatellite to satellite relative intensity ratios have been measured. Evidence of two-electron one-photon emission is clearly demonstrated and evaluation of the branching ratio betwen the two- electron one-photon and the one-photon one-electron decaying process is discussed.
Published: 1994

40. Cascade-free Doppler-tuned precision measurement of the lifetime of the 23S1state in He-like niobium(93Nb39+)

Author: P. Charles, Keith Finlayson, D. D. Dietrich, B. B. Birkett, Paul Indelicato, Richard Marrus, and Alexandre Simionovici
Subjects: Physics, chemistry, Cascade, Niobium, Order (ring theory), chemistry.chemical_element, Sensitivity (control systems), Atomic physics, Spectroscopy, Hyperfine structure, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Charged particle, Ion
Abstract: The lifetime of the 2 $^{3}$${\mathit{S}}_{1}$ state in He-like niobium (${\mathrm{Nb}}^{39+}$) has been precisely determined with a beam-foil time-of-flight technique. The isotope $^{93}\mathrm{Nb}$ (I=9/2) was chosen in order to minimize cascade effects through hyperfine quenching of the primary feeding state. Further precision was obtained by removing blends with a Doppler-tuned transmission filter. Other cascade contributions were analyzed and found to be negligible. The result is 45.45(16)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}12}$ sec and respresents increased sensitivity to corrections of O(Z\ensuremath{\alpha}${)}^{2}$ in the Z\ensuremath{\alpha}-series expansion for the lifetime by a factor of 5.
Published: 1994

41. Quantitative characterization of microsamples by x-ray fluorescence tomography

Author: Anatoly Snigirev, Marina Chukalina, T. Jeffries, and Alexandre Simionovici
Subjects: Algebraic Reconstruction Technique, Optics, Beamline, Chemistry, business.industry, Attenuation, Resolution (electron density), Synchrotron radiation, X-ray fluorescence, Tomography, business, Reconstruction procedure, Spectroscopy
Abstract: A novel semi-quantitative algebraic reconstruction technique for x-ray fluorescence tomography data sets is described and its use is demonstrated on laser-ablated resin samples. The experiments were performed at the ID22 beamline of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble. The projections were collected using a parallel scheme using 22.5 keV x-rays at 4 µm resolution. The iterative algebraic reconstruction technique was used to calculate an elemental ‘effective’ concentration distribution. This ‘effective’ concentration is introduced for the first time and allows the attenuation of both the incident x-ray beam and the fluorescence to be included in the reconstruction procedure. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: 2002

42. Speciation of sulfur in the insoluble organic matter from carbonaceous chondrites by XANES spectroscopy

Author: Eric Quirico, P. G. Beck, Vanessa de Andrade, François-Régis Orthous-Daunay, Sylvie Derenne, Alexandre Simionovici, Laurence Lemelle, Laboratoire de Planétologie de Grenoble (LPG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LABORATOIRE DE SCIENCE DE LA TERRE, ENS, Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Laboratoire de Géodynamique des Chaines Alpines (LGCA), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Murchison meteorite, media_common.quotation_subject, Inorganic chemistry, Mineralogy, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Sulfur, XANES, Parent body, Speciation, Geophysics, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Chondrite, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Organic matter, Alkyl, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract: Sulfur speciation in a comprehensive set of insoluble organic matter (IOM) samples extracted from 3 CI (Orgueil, Alais, Ivuna), 5 CM (QUE97990, Murchison, Murray, QUE99355, Cold Bokkeveld), 1 CR (Renazzo) and ungrouped C2 Tagish Lake chondrites has been studied by K-edge XANES micro-spectroscopy. Five main sulfur groups were identified: (1) sulfides, (2) aliphatic sulfur, (3) heterocyclic organic sulfur, (4) oxidized organic sulfur and (5) sulfates. The IOM of the 3 CIs and the extensively altered Cold Bokkeveld CM exhibit a higher abundance of heterocyclic versus aliphatic organic sulfur compared to the other CMs and compared to the Renazzo and Tagish Lake chondrites. This suggests greater thermal heating on the parent body of CIs, consistent with the higher temperatures experienced by these chondrites (~ 70 °C for the most altered clasts of Cold Bokkeveld; 100-150 °C for CIs). Alais may have experienced more heating than Ivuna and Orgueil. The IOM of CIs contains oxidized organic sulfur, suggesting the presence of a mild-temperature oxidation process on the parent body. Among type 2 chondrites other than Cold Bokkeveld, no significant variation of the sulfur speciation was detected. This suggests tenuous oxidation processes and a low-temperature aqueous alteration (< ~ 35 °C) on the parent body. The global chemical variations between the CR and CM groups (e.g. H/C elemental ratio, alkyl groups concentration) reported in earlier studies appear to be more the result of chemical variations among the accreted precursors than of post-accretional processes.
Published: 2010

43. Carbon polymorphism in shocked meteorites: Evidence for new natural ultrahard phases

Author: T. Ferroir, Tomoki Nakamura, Philippe Gillet, Leonid Dubrovinsky, Alexandre Simionovici, Ahmed El Goresy, Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Bavarian Research Institute of Experimental Geochemistry and Geophysics (Bayerisches Geoinstitut), Universität Bayreuth, Laboratoire de Géodynamique des Chaines Alpines (LGCA), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Thin section, Material properties of diamond, 02 engineering and technology, Ureilite, shock, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Havero, ureilite, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, diamond, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Pressure, Graphite, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Diamond Polytypes, Compression, Diamond, Spectra, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Silicate, Crystallography, Geophysics, Meteorite, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, diamond polytype, engineering, symbols, ultrahard carbon, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy, C-60, Geology
Abstract: A slice of the Havero meteorite which belongs to the ureilite class known to contain graphite and diamond was cut and then polished as a thin section using a diamond paste. We identified two carbonaceous areas which were standing out by more than 10 pm in relief over the surface of the silicate matrix suggesting that the carbonaceous phases were not easily polishable by a diamond paste and would therefore imply larger polishing hardness. These areas were investigated by reflected light microscopy, high-resolution Field Emission SEM (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and were subsequently extracted for in situ synchrotron microbeam X-ray fluorescence (XRF), imaging and X-ray diffraction (XRD). We report here the natural occurrences of one new ultrahard rhombohedral carbon polymorph of the Ram space group which structure is very close to diamond but with a partial occupancy of some of the carbon sites. We also report the natural occurrence of the theoretically predicted 21R diamond polytype with lattice parameters very close to what has been modelized. These findings are of great interests for better understanding the world of carbon polymorphs and diamond polytypes giving new natural materials to investigate. These natural samples demonstrate that the carbon system is even more complex than what is currently thought based on ab initio static lattice calculations and high-pressure experiments since this new ultrahard polymorph has never been predicted nor synthesized. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2010

44. Hyperfine quenching and precision measurement of the 2P03-23P1fine-structure splitting in heliumlike gadolinium (Gd62+)

Author: Daniel D. Dietrich, P. Charles, Alexandre Simionovici, Paul Indelicato, Richard Marrus, J. P. Briand, and B. B. Birkett
Subjects: Physics, Gadolinium, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Absolute value, Spectral line, Charged particle, Particle decay, Crystallography, chemistry, Excited state, Atomic physics, Hyperfine structure, Bar (unit)
Abstract: The hyperfine-quenched transition 2{sup 3}{ital P}{sub 0-}1{sup 1}{ital S}{sub 0} has been observed in heliumlike gadolinium (Gd{sup 62+}) in the two isotopes {sup 155}Gd and {sup 157}Gd. The lifetime for the transition ({tau}{sub 0}) has been measured for each isotope and found to be {tau}{sub 0}(155)=13.43(27){times}10{sup {minus}12} sec and {tau}{sub 0}(157)=7.65(55){times}10{sup {minus}12} sec. From the measured lifetimes a value is inferred for the absolute value of the 2{sup 3}{ital P}{sub 0-}2{sup 3}{ital P}{sub 1} fine-structuring splitting {vert bar}{Delta}{ital E}{sub 0-1}{vert bar} in Gd{sup 62+} with the result {vert bar}{Delta}{ital E}{sub 0-1}{vert bar}=18.57(19) eV, where the error represents 1 standard deviation. This result is compared with calculations based on the multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock method and on the unified method.
Published: 1992

45. Cobalt distribution in keratinocyte cells indicates nuclear and perinuclear accumulation and interaction with magnesium and zinc homeostasis

Author: Christophe Moulin, Richard Ortega, Pierre Bleuet, Clémentine Gombert, Aurélien Fraysse, Carole Bresson, Alexandre Simionovici, Guillaume Devès, Hervé Seznec, Caroline Sandre, Philippe Moretto, Michel Tabarant, Chimie Nucléaire Analytique et Bio-environnementale (CNAB), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Spéciation des Radionucléides et des Molécules (LSRM), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Réactivité des Surfaces et des Interfaces (LRSI), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique (LGIT), Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)
Subjects: Keratinocytes, inorganic chemicals, Active Transport, Cell Nucleus, chemistry.chemical_element, Golgi Apparatus, Zinc, Cellular chemical imaging, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, Cytosol, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, In vitro, Homeostasis, Humans, Magnesium, 030304 developmental biology, Cell Nucleus, 0303 health sciences, Endoplasmic reticulum, Spectrophotometry, Atomic, 010401 analytical chemistry, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, General Medicine, Cobalt, Golgi apparatus, 0104 chemical sciences, HaCaT, Trace element homeostasis, Biochemistry, chemistry, symbols, Biophysics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-MED-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Medical Physics [physics.med-ph], Intracellular, Synchrotrons, Electron Probe Microanalysis
Abstract: Cobalt is known to be toxic at high concentration, to induce contact dermatosis, and occupational radiation skin damage because of its use in nuclear industry. We investigated the intracellular distribution of cobalt in HaCaT human keratinocytes as a model of skin cells, and its interaction with endogenous trace elements. Direct micro-chemical imaging based on ion beam techniques was applied to determine the quantitative distribution of cobalt in HaCaT cells. In addition, synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence microanalysis in tomography mode was performed, for the first time on a single cell, to determine the 3D intracellular distribution of cobalt. Results obtained with these micro-chemical techniques were compared to a more classical method based on cellular fractionation followed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) measurements. Cobalt was found to accumulate in the cell nucleus and in perinuclear structures indicating the possible direct interaction with genomic DNA, and nuclear proteins. The perinuclear accumulation in the cytosol suggests that cobalt could be stored in the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus. The multi-elemental analysis revealed that cobalt exposure significantly decreased magnesium and zinc content, with a likely competition of cobalt for magnesium and zinc binding sites in proteins. Overall, these data suggest a multiform toxicity of cobalt related to interactions with genomic DNA and nuclear proteins, and to the alteration of zinc and magnesium homeostasis.
Published: 2009

46. Micro-X-ray absorption near edge structure as a suitable probe to monitor live organisms

Author: Aude Picard, Philippe Oger, Isabelle Daniel, Alexandre Simionovici, Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique (LGIT), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: In situ, Abiotic component, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, X-ray absorption near edge structure, Cellular organisms, Chemistry, Microorganism, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, Population, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Analytical Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, On cells, Environmental chemistry, Live organisms, education, Biological system, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: X-ray spectroscopies are very powerful tools to determine the chemistry of complex dilute solutes in abiotic and biotic systems. We have assayed their suitability to monitor the chemistry of complex solutions in a live biotic system. The impact of the probe on cells was quantified for 4 different cellular organisms differing in their resistance level to environmental stresses. We show that none of the organisms tested can survive the radiation doses needed for the acquisition of meaningful spectroscopic data. Therefore, on one hand, X-ray spectroscopy cannot be applied to the monitoring of single cells, and cellular damages have to be taken into account in the interpretation of the evolution of such systems. On the other hand, due to the limited extension of X-ray induced cellular damages in the culture volume, it is possible to probe a population of live cells provided that the culture to beam probe ratio is large enough to minimize the impact of mortality on the evolution of the biological system. Our results suggest that it could be possible to probe the volume in the close vicinity of a cell without affecting its activity. Using this setup we could monitor the reduction of selenite by the X-ray sensitive bacterium, Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58, for 24 h. This method has a great potential to monitor the respiration of various metals, such as iron, manganese and arsenic, in situ under relevant environmental conditions by live microorganisms.
Published: 2008

47. Precision spectroscopy ofn=3 ton=2 transitions in Li-like and Be-like xenon

Author: Leneman D, Grandin Jp, Simionovici A, and Dietrich Dd
Subjects: Physics, Spectrometer, Computer Science::Information Retrieval, Order (ring theory), chemistry.chemical_element, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Charged particle, Ion, Nuclear physics, Xenon, Cover (topology), chemistry, Atom, Atomic physics, Perturbation theory
Abstract: Energies of the {ital n}=3 to {ital n}=2 transitions in Li-like and Be-like xenon were measured on the Grand Accelerateur National d'Ions Lourds at Caen, France, using the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory high-resolution dual-crystal spectrometer. These measurements, on the highest available {ital Z} atom, cover the 5.0--5.5-keV energy region with precisions on the order of 150 ppm. Original theoretical results based on the multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock and relativistic many-body perturbation theory methods are shown for comparison.
Published: 1990

48. Determination of the cd-bearing phases in municipal solid waste and Biomass single fly ash particles using SR-mu XRF Spectroscopy

Author: Britt-Marie Steenari, Itai Panas, Stuart Ansell, Maria Caterina Camerani, Andrea Somogyi, Bart Vekemans, and Alexandre Simionovici
Subjects: Municipal solid waste, Computers, Ultraviolet Rays, Chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Lessivage, Mineralogy, Coal Ash, Carbon, Refuse Disposal, Analytical Chemistry, Incineration, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Adsorption, Fly ash, Calcium, Particulate Matter, Biomass, Particle size, Fluidized bed combustion, Leaching (metallurgy), Particle Size, Algorithms, Synchrotrons, Cadmium
Abstract: By using an excitation energy of 27.0 keV, synchrotron radiation-induced micro-X-ray fluorescence (SR-microXRF) is employed to extract information regarding the composition and distribution of Cd-bearing phases in municipal solid waste (MSW) and biomass fly ashes. Significance of observation is based on statistics of totally more than 100 individual MSW and biomass fly ash particles from a fluidized bed combustion (FBC) plant. Cd concentrations in the parts-per-million range are determined. In general, although previous leaching studies have indicated Cd to be predominant in the smaller-size ash particles, in the present study Cd is more evenly distributed throughout all the particle sizes. For MSW fly ashes, results indicate the presence of Cd mainly as CdBr2 hot-spots, whereas for biomass fly ashes, which exhibit lower CdX2 concentration, a thin Cd layer on/in the particles is reported. For both ashes, Ca-containing matrixes are found to be the main Cd-bearing phases. Support for this observation is found from independent first-principles periodic density functional theory calculations. The observations are condensed into a schematic mechanism for Cd adsorption on the fly ash particles.
Published: 2007

49. 3D imaging of vapour and liquid inclusions from the Mole Granite, Australia, using helical fluorescence tomography

Author: Pascal Philippot, Alexandre Simionovici, Bruno Golosio, Jean Cauzid, Pierre Bleuet, Andrea Somogyi, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synchrotron Soleil, DiffAbs beamline, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France (SYNCHROTRON SOLEIL, DIFFABS BEAMLINE, SAINT-AUBIN, BP 48, 91192 GIF-SUR-YVETTE CEDEX, FRANCE), Synchrotron Soleil, DiffAbs beamline, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), instituto di Matematica e Fisica, Universita di Sassari, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)
Subjects: Cu partitioning, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Analytical chemistry, Mineralogy, Crust, Boiling process, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Fluorescence, Fluid inclusion, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Analytical Chemistry, X-ray Fluorescence Computed Tomography, Phase (matter), Boiling, Helical scan, Fluid inclusions, Inclusion (mineral), Instrumentation, Quartz, Spectroscopy, Earth (classical element), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; World class Cu resources are concentrated in porphyry and epithermal ore deposits. Their formation remains partially understood, however, due to a lack of constraints on the partitioning properties of trace elements in general, and Cu in particular, between vapour and liquid phases evolved from boiling fluids at depth in the Earth's crust. Immiscible liquid and vapour fluid inclusions coexisting in a single quartz grain have been imaged in three dimensions by X-ray Fluorescence Computed Tomography (XFCT). Elemental spatial distributions confirm that Cu, and to a lesser extent As, partition into the vapour phase, whereas Mn, Fe, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr and Pb concentrate in the liquid inclusion. High resolution mapping of the vapour inclusions revealed that Cu is heterogeneously distributed at the scale of a single inclusion and is mostly concentrated as tiny daughter crystals.
Published: 2007

50. Structural environment of iron in hydrous aluminosilicate glass and melt-evidence from X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Author: Matthias Hahn, Pierre-Emanuel Petit, Laurent Gautron, Christian Schmidt, Valérie Malavergne, Max Wilke, François Farges, and Alexandre Simionovici
Subjects: X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Absorption spectroscopy, Extended X-ray absorption fine structure, Analytical chemistry, Maghemite, Mineralogy, 550 - Earth sciences, Geology, engineering.material, XANES, law.invention, X-ray absorption fine structure, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, law, engineering, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Crystallization, Magnetite
Abstract: The iron speciation in hydrous haplotonalitic and haplogranitic silicate glasses was studied using XAFS spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Spectral features occurring at the main crest of the XANES at the iron K-edge of hydrous glasses indicate contributions to the spectra by iron-moieties present in a more ordered structural environment than found in the dry glass. These differences are also suggested by analysis of the EXAFS. These effects are not completely suppressed even for those samples that were quenched with a higher cooling rate. Strongest differences to the dry glass are observed for a sample that was quenched slowly through the temperature of glass transformation. Crystals (60 to 1500 nm in size) of magnetite, maghemite and another unidentified phase were observed in this sample by TEM, whereas no crystals were found in samples quenched with regular or high cooling rates. In-situ XANES measurements up to 700 degrees C and 500 MPa were performed to reveal the origin (i.e., during synthesis or quench) of the structural differences for those hydrous glasses that do not display any detectable crystallization. The comparison of XANES spectra collected on Fe2+ in water-saturated haplogranitic melt at 700 degrees C and 500 MPa and on Fe2+ in dry melt at 1150 degrees C shows that the local structural environment of Fe2+ in both systems is similar. This indicates that there is no detectable and direct influence of water on the local structure around iron in this type of melt. Hence, the differences observed between hydrous and dry glasses can only be related to artefacts formed during the quench process. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Published: 2006

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Database

Publisher

90 results on '"Simionovici A"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources