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WOS:000543297100009 For quality printing results that require detail, the smooth paper surface, absorbency, color and gloss are of great importance. Since the desired surface properties cannot be obtained even in well-polished paper, smooth paper surfaces can be obtained by sizing and coating processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different amounts of calcium carbonate, added into the surface coating formulation, on liquid absorbency and printability of paper. Paper coating formulations were created by adding 1%, 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% calcium carbonate to an equal amount of cationic starch binder. The obtained coating formulations were applied to the surface of standard pieces of paper with a lab coater. Water absorbency and drop contact angle of all papers (base paper and surface-treated paper) were measured by using the sessile droplet method and then their surface energies were calculated. After the gloss and color changes of the test papers were determined, test prints were applied on their surface with offset printing ink. The effect of surface treatments on the printability characteristics of the paper was examined in detail. It was emphasized that the amount of calcium carbonate used in cationic starch should be optimized with regard to the absorbency and printability of the paper.

Yenidogan, Semiha/0000-0002-1296-2392 WOS:000518368200010 Paper - ink interaction is extremely important in printing. Ideal printing outputs should be achieved with minimal ink consumption. It should not be supposed that visual printing quality will increase as the amount of ink increases. The effects of excessive ink consumption during the printing process on process sustainability, economy and environment should not be ignored. In this study, the effects of ink consumption during the printing process on printing quality parameters were mainly examined. Paper samples were printed with different amounts of ink, and the density and CIE L*a*b* values of the solid ink films were measured. The lightfastness test was applied to determine the resistance of the printed ink films to light, and the changes in their color were examined. Ideal ink amounts to reach ideal color L*a*b* values were determined and the effects of ink amount on the printing quality parameters were highlighted. Then, ink consumption was evaluated in terms of recycling, sustainability, environmental and economic effects, and recommendations were made to reduce the use of ink.

In the packaging sector of the printing industry, different coating applications are tried and investigated in order to increase the surface appearance and performance characteristics of paper and cardboard. The printability, water and ink absorption capacity, frictional resistance, light sensitivity of the visual graphical design that are going to be printed on the packaging papers are some of them. In this study, different types of cardboards that are used as a packaging material were chosen and coated with nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC)/PVA at different rates (%). In order to determine effective and economical usage conditions, the coating solutions, at three different concentrations as 3 wt.%, 5 wt. %, 7 wt.%, were prepared. The coating was applied on the test papers, which were at the same weights (350 g/m2) and had different surface properties as matte glossy, bright glossy, American Bristol. NCC/PVA existence on the coated paper surface was confirmed with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The impact of the coating, which was prepared at different concentrations, on the packaging materials was studied with respect to thickness, stiffness, water absorbability, contact angle and surface tension.

Yenidogan, Semiha/0000-0002-1296-2392; WOS:000472622200012 In order to improve the surface characteristics of paper, surface sizing and surface coating are applied to the surface of the paper. Filling the pores on the surface with polymerized substances and flatting the surface are aimed in both operations. Test papers are either left for air-drying or they could be heated in an oven to dry more quickly. Other drying techniques may also affect printing, as well as the optical and physical qualities of the paper. In this study, starch-based sizing and calcium carbonated-starch-based coating operations were applied separately on paper surfaces. Some of the papers were allowed to dry at room temperature, and the others were dried in an oven. When the drying process was completed, paper gloss, water absorption and wettability qualities, as well as the CIE L*a*b* color coordinates of all the papers were evaluated. In the following stage of the study, solid tone printing was applied on the surfaces of the papers - that had been subjected to different drying processes - using cyan colored ink in an IGT C1 printability tester. The effects of air-drying and oven-drying techniques in surface coating and sizing operations on the physical and printability characteristics of the paper were evaluated.