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The scope of this preliminary study revolves around investigating the effectiveness of experiential learning in upper-year science laboratory courses in a post-pandemic era. In this study we have explored two key questions: 1. Can experiential learning facilitate independent inquiry in an upper-year undergraduate laboratory in a post-pandemic era? 2. Do incoming students feel prepared to carry out an in-person, hands-on, upper-year undergraduate laboratory experiments in a post-pandemic era? By exploring these questions through student reflections and perceptions in an advanced analytical chemistry inquiry-based laboratory course, we hope to acknowledge the impact the pandemic has had on first- and second-year foundational labs, and on the preparation of students for upper-year undergraduate labs. The shift towards virtual learning during the COVID-19 pandemic may have heavily impacted the development of core wet laboratory skills and thus made it challenging for students to build their confidence and skillset and attain success when challenged at a higher level. [Articles in this journal were presented at the University of Calgary Conference on Postsecondary Learning and Teaching.]

Investigation for novel functional catalysts illustrates an essential direction in advancing and researching renewable energy. On account of their specific compositional and structural tunability and remarkable stability, double perovskites have been extensively examined as a category of versatile compounds for applications in photocatalysis and electrocatalysis, highlighting them as a promising candidate for catalytic performance and stability. In this review article, we have elaborated on the tunability of double perovskites in terms of their compositions and structures, which proved to be tremendous features for double perovskites in diverse applications. Furthermore, the fabrication methods and the performance optimization comprising band gap tuning of double perovskites have been discussed. The current status of double perovskites for photocatalytic and electrocatalytic H2 production and CO2 reduction, with recent reports, has also been reviewed. Lastly, the challenges and future outlook are put forward.

This article investigates the kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics of brilliant green dye adsorption on Fe3O4/CdS/MWCNTs. The effects of adsorbent dosage (0.01–0.06 g), contact time (1–120 min), temperature (278, 288,298 and 308 K), ionic strength (NaCl and CaCO3 salt), and initial solution pH (4,6,7, and 10) were all studied in relation to the adsorption of BG dye. Langmuir (R2 = 0.86883), Temkin (R2 = 0.96323) and Freundlich (R2 = 0.96958) and isotherms were fitted to describe the equilibrium of BG adsorption process. Isothermal models showed that BG adsorption was a favorable process on ternary composite Adsorption kinetics were well fitted by Pseudo-second order kinetic model (R2 = 0.99396). The thermodynamic parameters ΔH° = −0.0277 kJ.mol−1 and ΔS° = −60.9031 J mol−1.k−1 indicate endothermic and spontaneous adsorption process, (ΔG° > 0) non-spontaneous, and exothermic. Five adsorption/desorption cycles were demonstrated by the adsorbents’ high reusability.

Five organotin(IV) derivatives (1–5) of general formula R3SnL and R2SnL2, where R = C4H9 {1, and 3}, CH3 {2 and 4}, C6H5 {5} and L represents 4-fluorophenoxyacetate ligand were synthesized by the condensation reaction of corresponding organotin(IV) chloride and sodium-4-fluorophenoxyaceate salt in dry chloroform under reflux condition. The elemental analysis has confirmed the expected composition of the complexes. The Δν values (less than 200 cm−1) calculated from FT-IR spectra revealed bridging/chelating bidentate coordination of the carboxylate ligand to the tin. The single crystal XRD analysis has shown polymeric chain structures for complexes 1 and 2 with bridging bidentate carboxylate ligand connecting tin atoms having trigonal bipyramidal geometry. In complex 3, the tin atom with chelating anisobidentate ligands adopted a highly distorted octahedral geometry. Quantum chemical studies have shown a good correlation between experimental and theoretically calculated geometric parameters. The Hirshfeld surface and fingerprint plots calculations have shown H…H interactions as the major intermolecular contacts present within the crystal structures of complexes 1–3. The experimental and simulated (1H and 13C) NMR spectra were found to be in good agreement. The in vitro enzyme inhibition {acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), alpha-glucosidase, dipeptidyl peptidase-4, cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX)}, antioxidant [DPPH = 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ABTS = 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] and antileishmanial assays have shown dose dependent responses of the test compounds. Complexes have shown higher activities compared to the free ligand acid. Complexes were particularly more active acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors, especially complex 3 (IC50 = 0.60 µg/mL) was even more potent than the standard drug Galantamine (IC50 = 2.82 µg/mL). MTT [MTT= (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide tetrazolium)] assay showed potent anticancer activity for complex 4 (IC50 = 12.54 ± 0.19 µg/mL), complex 5 (IC50 = 16.44 ± 0.17 µg/mL), and free 4-fluorophenoxyacetic acid (HL) (IC50 = 21.95 ± 0.09 µg/mL) among the tested compounds towards the brain cancer cell line (Malignant glioma U87). The nonmalignant human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells were found to be less vulnerable to the test compounds. In the antimicrobial assays, complexes 1 and 2 have shown activities higher than the standard drug Cefixime against C. albicans and P. aeruginosa, respectively.

This work aims to investigate the environmentally sustainable technique to synthesize the copper nanoparticles using bougainvillea flower ethanolic extract at ambient temperature. Copper nanoparticles have considerable potential for reducing the environment’s harmful pigments and nitrogen contaminants. The oxidized copper nanoscale catalysts are enclosed inside nanomaterial, which work as a benign and sustainable resource for capping agents. Ultraviolet spectroscopic, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray crystallography (XRD) techniques were used to evaluate the produced oxidized copper nanocrystals. The particles produced have been very robust, are cylindrical in form, and have an outer diameter of 12 nm. Furthermore, under normal conditions, copper oxide (CuO) nanomaterials demonstrated strong photocatalytic efficiency in liquid media for the oxidation of Congo red, bromothymol blue, and 4-nitrophenol in an acidic solution acetic anhydride. Moreover, the CuO nanocrystalline enzyme could be readily vortexed or used for five cycles with an exchange rate of even over 90%. The evaporation process caused around 18% of the loss of weight between 25°C and 190°C, while soil organic breakdown caused almost 31% of the loss of weight around 700°C. As a result, the little reduction in enzymatic effectiveness of the recoverable multilayer CuO substrate might be attributed to catalytic degradation throughout spinning and processing.

Habenaria aitchisonii Reichb was analyzed in this research, including its chemical composition and its in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, acute oral toxicity, and antinociceptive activity. The chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions were found to be the most powerful based on in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic assays. The acute oral toxicity of the crude methanolic extract was determined before in vivo studies. The acetic acid and formalin tests were used to measure the antinociceptive effect, and the potential mechanisms involved in antinociception were explored. The carrageenan-induced paw edema test was used to examine the immediate anti-inflammatory effect, and many phlogistic agents were used to determine the specific mechanism. Furthermore, for ex vivo activities, the mice were sacrificed, the forebrain was isolated, and the antioxidant levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and catalase (CAT) were estimated using a UV spectrophotometer. No toxicity was seen at oral dosages up to 3,000 mg/kg. The antinociceptive impact was much higher than the standard drug. Both the inflammatory and neurogenic phases of the formalin experiment revealed an analgesic effect in the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions. In carrageenan anti-inflammatory assays, the chloroform fraction (Ha.Chf) was the most potent fraction. We further studied the GC-MS of crude plant extract and found a total of 18 compounds. In the anti-inflammatory mechanism, it was observed that the Ha.Chf inhibits the COX-2 as well as 5-LOX pathways. The results exhibited that this species is a good source of phytocomponents like germacrone, which can be employed as a sustainable and natural therapeutic agent, supporting its traditional use in folk medicine for inflammatory conditions and pain.

Breast cancer is a common disease that employs chemotherapeutic drugs as a treatment approach. However, these drugs have several adverse effects, prompting the development of new drugs. Hence, this study aimed to synthesize a series of hybrid heterocyclic bis-chalcone compounds using the Claisen-Schmidt reaction and evaluate their cytotoxicity in breast cancer Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells. The selected compounds were then evaluated for molecular docking; molecular dynamics (MD) simulations; and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), pharmacokinetic, and drug-likeness property analyses. Among the synthesized heterocyclic bis-chalcone compounds, compounds 1d and 2d induced strong antiproliferative effects against MCF-7 cells with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 32.51 ± 4.02 µM and 22.69 ± 6.95 µM, respectively. Molecular docking analysis showed that compound 2d had good binding affinity (-8.40 kcal/mol) when docked with the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) receptor compared to compound 1d, which had a binding affinity of −8.10 kcal/mol. MD simulations revealed that these compounds were consistently stable throughout the 100 ns, with additional hydrogen-bond interactions. Moreover, the compounds satisfied the predicted ADME, pharmacokinetic, and drug-likeness requirements. This study demonstrated that compound 2d is a potent heterocyclic bis-chalcone compound with the potential to be used as an anti-breast cancer agent.

Microplasma irradiation is a promising technique for the transdermal delivery of high-molecular-weight drugs. In this technique, microplasma components interact with the skin surface or cell membranes, allowing the drugs to penetrate. For efficient and safe drug delivery, it is crucial to understand these interactions. To this end, this study investigated the effects of microplasma irradiation on cellular lipids, particularly those associated with cell membranes. Rat intestinal epithelial cells were treated with microplasma irradiation at two different voltages (4.0 kV or 4.5 kV). An untargeted lipidomic was conducted using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS) technique. The results revealed that microplasma irradiation at 4.0 kV induces a significant increase in cell membrane lipids within 10 min post-irradiation. All major cell membrane lipids, including phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin, exhibited increases of over 25% within this short timeframe. Notably, this effect is transient, as lipid levels return to their baseline after 12 h. Furthermore, no significant differences in live and apoptotic cell percentages were observed between the control and 12 h post-irradiated cells. In contrast, irradiation at 4.5 kV did not elicit significant changes in cell membrane lipids, correlating with the absence of drug absorption under this condition. Hence, our study unveiled a correlation between the rapid increase in cell membrane lipids and enhanced drug absorption in microplasma-irradiated cells. This lipid augmentation potentially enhances membrane fluidity and permeability, thus facilitating drug absorption. Beyond elucidating the mechanisms and safety of microplasma-based drug delivery, our research provides valuable insights for advancing various microplasma-based biomedical technologies.

In running, step rate and step angle are important, but the relationship between the two parameters is not clear in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the effect of step rate manipulation on step angle in running. A group of twenty healthy recreational runners aged between 30 and 59 years who regularly run 15–90 km per week were recruited. Kinematic data were recorded using a motion capture system while running on a treadmill. Participants maintained a self-selected speed and then altered their step rate using a metronome and completed three thirty-second trials at the preferred step rate, 10% above the preferred step rate and 10% below the preferred step rate. The results showed that the step angle is not significantly correlated with the step rate and kept at roughly 37 degrees at the preferred step rate and 10% lower than the preferred step rate but increased to 42 deg when the step rate increased to 10% of the preferred step rate. The step angles were not significantly different between the male and female or between sides. This finding provides an understanding of the association of step rate re-training on swing phase parameters.

Recent advancements in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) have triggered research in the field of heat exchangers. Driven by the need to decrease the size of heat exchangers, many researchers have exploited the higher heat transfer achieved by replacing single-phase flow systems with boiling counterparts. The concept of using mini-channels to provide compact heat exchangers while maintaining heat transfer performance is relatively new. A minimal number of researchers have reported simulations of water-steam systems in mini-channels. This paper presents a numerical study of the heat transfer performance (HTP) of mini channels in a water-steam system using the volume of fluid (VOF) model coupled with the Lee phase change model on commercial CFD software ANSYS. The numerical model consisted of a 1 mm × 1.5 mm × 52 mm channel with boundary conditions: top adiabatic; constant heat flux at the bottom surface; left/right periodic; mass flow inlet and pressure outlet. A mesh independence study was carried out for the proposed model, and simulations were validated against the experimental results of heat transfer versus vapor quality for a wide range of mass and heat fluxes. The VOF model best predicts experimental HTC at high mass fluxes, although the results at low mass fluxes were predicted with reasonable accuracy. Based on the agreement of numerical and numerical results, the VOF model turned out to be a promising candidate for designing compact micro/mini channel heat exchangers.

This study examined the application of Ni-Al layered double hydroxide (Ni-Al/LDH) intercalated with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) anion as an adsorbent for the elimination of methyl orange (MO) model dye from aqueous solutions. Material has been synthesized using a co-precipitation process with a molar ratio of Ni/Al of 3. XRD, FTIR, TEM/EDX and TGA/DTA were used to determine structural, morphological and thermal properties of the material. Under varied circumstances, the adsorption capability for MO dye elimination was tested in batch mode. The experimental findings demonstrate that the greatest adsorption takes place at pH levels ranging from neutral to acidic. Kinetic data were well-suited to the pseudo-second-order model. Equilibrium isotherm adsorption data were correlated to the Langmuir model with a high adsorption capacity of 808.8 mg/g. The adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous nature. In order to analyze the adsorbate-adsorbent interaction mechanism, the anionic dye MO structure was evaluated using the Gaussian 09 W program at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ level. The quantum descriptors examined supported the experimental results obtained in this study.

In the shipbuilding, construction, automotive, and aerospace industries, welding is still a crucial manufacturing process because it can be utilized to create massive, intricate structures with exact dimensional specifications. These kinds of structures are essential for urbanization considering they are used in applications such as tanks, ships, and bridges. However, one of the most important types of structural damage in welding continues to be fatigue. Therefore, it is necessary to take this phenomenon into account when designing and to assess it while a structure is in use. Although traditional methodologies including strain life, linear elastic fracture mechanics, and stress-based procedures are useful for diagnosing fatigue failures, these techniques are typically geometry restricted, require a lot of computing time, are not self-improving, and have limited automation capabilities. Meanwhile, following the conception of machine learning, which can swiftly discover failure trends, cut costs, and time while also paving the way for automation, many damage problems have shown promise in receiving exceptional solutions. This study seeks to provide a thorough overview of how algorithms of machine learning are utilized to forecast the life span of structures joined with welding. It will also go through their drawbacks and advantages. Specifically, the perspectives examined are from the views of the material type, application, welding method, input parameters, and output parameters. It is seen that input parameters such as arc voltage, welding speed, stress intensity factor range, crack growth parameters, stress histories, thickness, and nugget size influence output parameters in the manner of residual stress, number of cycles to failure, impact strength, and stress concentration factors, amongst others. Steel (including high strength steel and stainless steel) accounted for the highest frequency of material usage, while bridges were the most desired area of application. Meanwhile, the predominant taxonomy of machine learning was the random/hybrid-based type. Thus, the selection of the most appropriate and reliable algorithm for any requisite matter in this area could ultimately be determined, opening new research and development opportunities for automation, testing, structural integrity, structural health monitoring, and damage-tolerant design of welded structures.

Traditional laboratory methods for estimating soil compaction parameters, such as the Proctor test, have been recognized as time-consuming and labor-intensive. Given the increasing need for the rapid and accurate estimation of soil compaction parameters for a range of geotechnical applications, the application of machine learning models offers a promising alternative. This study focuses on employing the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) model algorithm, a machine learning method that presents a significant advantage over other models through generating human-understandable piecewise linear equations. The MARS model was trained and tested on a comprehensive dataset to predict essential soil compaction parameters, including optimum water content (wopt) and maximum dry density (ρdmax). The performance of the model was evaluated using coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) values. Remarkably, the MARS models showed excellent predictive ability with high R2 and low RMSE, MAE, and relative error values, indicating its robustness and reliability in predicting soil compaction parameters. Through rigorous five-fold cross-validation, the model’s predictions for wopt returned an RMSE of 1.948%, an R2 of 0.893, and an MAE of 1.498%. For ρdmax, the results showcased an RMSE of 0.064 Mg/m3, an R2 of 0.899, and an MAE of 0.050 Mg/m3. When evaluated on unseen data, the model’s performance for wopt prediction was marked with an MAE of 1.276%, RMSE of 1.577%, and R2 of 0.948. Similarly, for ρdmax, the predictions were characterized by an MAE of 0.047 Mg/m3, RMSE of 0.062 Mg/m3, and R2 of 0.919. The results also indicated that the MARS model outperformed previously developed machine learning models, suggesting its potential to replace conventional testing methods. The successful application of the MARS model could revolutionize the geotechnical field through providing quick and reliable predictions of soil compaction parameters, improving efficiency for construction projects. Lastly, a variable importance analysis was performed on the model to assess how input variables affect its outcomes. It was found that fine content (Cf) and plastic limit (PL) have the greatest impact on compaction parameters.

In this study, the newly synthesized compound (Succ-5) was analyzed through spectral methods, seen for potential receptor targets via molecular docking, and pre-clinically evaluated for therapeutic effects and safety profile using biochemical and histopathological techniques. The biochemical analysis included assessment of cardiac biomarkers, hepatic enzymes, and lipid profiles, while histopathology included evaluation of cardiac and liver tissues. The toxic dose was determined pre-clinically, followed by dividing albino rats into five treatment groups (each having n = 6). The control group received oral saline for eight days. The 5-FU (5-Fluorouracil) group received oral saline for 8 days and 5-FU (150 mg/kg I.P.) on day 5. The atenolol group was administered with atenolol (20 mg/kg) for 8 days and 5-FU (150 mg/kg I.P.) on day 5. Two groups of rats were administered with the test compound (Succ-5) at doses of 5 mg/kg I.P and 10 mg/kg I.P (for 8-days), followed by 5-FU (150 mg/kg I.P.) on day 5. Elevated serum levels of CK-MB (creatinine kinase myocardial band), cTnI (troponin I), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), lipid profile, and selected liver enzymes including ALP (alkaline phosphatase), ALT (alanine transaminase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), BT (bilirubin total) and BD (direct bilirubin) were associated with 5-FU toxicity. After administration of the test compound at the mentioned doses, these biomarkers significantly decreased. Likewise, histological examination revealed 5-FU damaged the heart and hepatic tissues, which were also considerably recovered following administration of the test compound. Immunohistochemistry of heart tissue also revealed the low expression of COX-2 and TNF-α in Succ-5 treated groups compared to toxic group. Dose-response evaluation showed that a dose of 10 mg/kg provided better results than 5 mg/kg. The analysis of binding energy values computed via docking simulations showed that Succ-5 interacts with the human beta2-adrenergic G protein-coupled receptor with a slightly stronger affinity than calcium channel T-type. In conclusion, the histological and biochemical findings revealed that the test compound had significant cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and lipolytic effects in the 5-FU-induced toxicity.

In this study, we present a methodical qualitative and quantitative analysis of H-Classic publications that have made key contributions and identify intensive mainstream research areas in atomic spectroscopy. The main [...]

This work investigated the adsorption mechanism of heavy metals: silver (Ag), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), palladium (Pd), and zinc (Zn) on the carbon graphite (111) surface based on density functional theory (DFT), Metropolis Monte Carlo (MMC), and the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methods. The obtained results from the adsorption of these species showed that the process is spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The maximum adsorption capacities were obtained in neutral to low acid medium, and the interaction between Hg-carbon graphite was more favored than other systems. These findings showed that carbon graphite was more efficient in the removal of the studied metals. Moreover, this study better explains the adsorption mechanism of heavy metals onto carbon graphite and gives a theoretical basis for the wider application of graphite adsorbent in the removal of heavy metals. This paper provides theoretical support for heavy metals removal in various mediums and also provides some new ideas for the secondary utilization of quantum chemical descriptors and molecular dynamics simulation methods.

Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is a key player in cancer and tissue homeostasis and regulates renewal of several stem cell types. The FGF2 role in malignant glioma is proven and tagged FGF2, a novel druggable target, is used for developing potent drugs against glioblastoma. In this study, Asinex 51412372, Asinex 51217461, and Asinex 51216586 were filtered to show the best binding affinity for FGF2 with binding energy scores of −8.3 kcal/mol, −8.2 kcal/mol, and −7.8 kcal/mol, respectively. The compounds showed chemical interactions with several vital residues of FGF2 along the compound length. The noticeable residues that interacted with the compounds were Arg15, Asp23, Arg63, and Gln105. In dynamic investigation in solution, the FGF2 reported unstable dynamics in the first 100 ns and gained structural equilibrium in the second phase of 100 ns. The maximum root mean square deviation (RMSD) value touched by the systems is 3 Å. Similarly, the residue flexibility of FGF2 in the presence of compounds was within a stable range and is compact along the simulation time length. The compounds showed robust atomic-level stable energies with FGF2, which are dominated by both van der Waals and electrostatic interactions. The net binding energy of systems varies between −40 kcal/mol and −86 kcal/mol, suggesting the formation of strong intermolecular docked complexes. The drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties also pointed toward good structures that are not toxic, have high gastric absorption, showed good distribution, and readily excreted from the body. In summary, the predicted compounds in this study might be ideal hits that might be further optimized for structure and activity during experimental studies.

Inflammatory diseases are associated with life-threatening syndromes like hepatitis, cancer, and trauma injury while some decrease the quality of life such as rheumatism, arthritis, and tuberculosis. 1,2-Diazoles (pyrazolines) play a vital role in COX-2 inhibition thus dinitro-tetrahydrocarbazole linked pyrazolines have been synthesized and endeavor to screen for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and molecular docking studies. For this purpose, 6,8-dinitro-acetyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydrocarbazole (I), aromatic aldehydes (IIa-e) and hydrazines (IIIa-b) were combined via multicomponent reaction approach under the influence of microwave irradiations to afford pyrazolines (1–10). All new molecules were screened for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity by human red blood cells membrane stabilization, antioxidant potential by2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl,2,2´-azinobis (3-ethylbenzo thiazoline)-6-sulphonic acid, lipid peroxidation, and total antioxidant capacity assays along with cytotoxicity by brine shrimp lethality assay. Molecular docking was performed by using the Auto Dock program. Both disubstituted and trisubstituted diazoles showed excellent membrane stabilizing effects, (91.89 % and 77 %, respectively). The presence of phenol, furan, thiocarbamide, and chloro-moieties have the most prominent effect. Toxicity results indicated that compounds were less toxic at the tested dose (0.1 mg/ml). The antioxidant study showed that compound 2 was more active showing low IC50 values (32.2 and 39.2 µg/ml) in DPPH and total phenolic contents assays respectively. Compound 3 (44.0 µg/ml) showed the highest potential assay in ABTS radical neutralization assay while compound 7 (65.0 µg/ml) showed maximum potential in lipid peroxidation. All diazoles (1–10) were screened for in vitro anti-inflammatory potential where disubstituted diazoles were found better than trisubstituted analogs and exhibited significant antioxidant potential. Molecular docking of diazoles showed a good correlation of their anti-inflammatory activity with p38α MAPK, COX-2, and 5-LOX enzymes that are molecular therapeutic targets of inflammation.

Cloud computing has become a leading technology for IT infrastructure, with many companies migrating their services to cloud servers in recent years. As cloud services continue to expand, the issue of cloud monitoring has become increasingly important. One important metric to monitor is CPU steal time, which measures the amount of time a virtual CPU waits for the actual CPU. In this study, we focus on the impact of CPU steal time on virtual machine performance and the potential problems that can arise. We implement our work using an OpenStack-based cloud environment and investigate intrusive and non-intrusive monitoring methods. Our analysis provides insights into the importance of CPU steal time monitoring and its impact on cloud performance.

Herein, we report an electrochemical scaffold consisting of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (COOH-fMWCNTs) and iron-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Fe-ZnO) for the detection of a hazardous textile dye safranin T (ST) and monitoring of its photocatalytic degradation. Prior to the detection and degradation analysis, Fe-ZnO NPs were synthesized by the sol-gel method and characterized by a number of structural and morphological techniques. The carboxyl moiety of COOH-fMWCNTs possessing a strong affinity for the amino functionality of ST led to significant enhancement of the current response at the designed electrochemical platform, whereas the electrocatalytic role, surface area enhancement, and the provision of binding sites of Fe-ZnO led to a further increase in the peak current intensity of ST. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that the sensing scaffold made of the glassy carbon electrode modified with COOH-fMWCNTs and Fe-ZnO efficiently transfers charge between the transducer and the redox probe. Under optimized conditions, the developed sensor showed a 2.3 nM limit of detection for ST. Moreover, recovery experiments and anti-interference tests qualified the sensing platform for practical applications. The dye was photocatalytically degraded using Fe-ZnO NPs up to 99% in 60 min with a rate constant of 0.068 min−1. The designed sensor was used to probe the degradation kinetics of the target dye, and the results were found consistent with the findings obtained from electronic absorption method. To the best of our knowledge, the present work is the first approach for the efficient detection and almost absolute degradation of ST.

This article is part of the contribution to the development of two medicinal plants widely used by the Moroccan population: white wormwood (Artemisia herba-alba) andArâr (Juniperus phoenicea), species belonging to the Asteraceae and Cupressaceae families, respectively. The present work was conducted to investigate the chemical composition and anticorrosive properties of essential oils (EOs) extracted from these plants. The chemical analysis of the essential oils (EOs) was carried out by GC-MS/MS. Potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and quantum chemical calculations by density-functional theory at B3lYP were used to study the anticorrosive effect of the researched oils on mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution. Moreover, SEM-EDX analysis was used to identify the surface morphology of mild steel surface. GC-MSMS results showed the presence of 32 potentially active compounds in the EOs of Artemisia herba-alba. The average yield of the EOs was about 1.39 ± 0.17 mL/100 g dry matter. Beta thujone (30.07%) and alpha thujone (13.32%) are the main components, while for the EOs of Juniperus phoenicea, the study showed the presence of 30 constituents, with alpha-pinene (43.61%) and manoyl oxide (11.5%) as the main components. The average yield of HE was 1.10 ± 0.03 mL/100 g dry matter. The findings demonstrated an important anticorrosive action of EOs from Artemisia herba-alba and Juniperus phoenicea. Notably, the experimental results showed good efficiency of the studied essential oils and correlated well with the density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results of potentiodynamic polarization measurements showed that hydrazone acted as a mixed-type inhibitor. The EIS results showed an increase in charge transfer resistance accompanied by a noticeable decrease in Cdl values, revealing that both studied oils were effective as reliable inhibitors for the protection of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution. Also, the efficiency decreased with decreasing inhibitor concentrations. Surface studies ensure the effectiveness of both investigated oils and the reduction of the surface roughness of mild steel. Furthermore, DFT results of the major constituents of Artemisia herba-alba and Juniperus phoenicea EOs revealed insights into the chemical reactivity of the tested oils while supporting the experimental conclusions and showed outstanding adsorption ability of both investigated EOs on the steel surface.

Reinforced concrete (RC) flat slabs are widely employed in modern construction, and accurately predicting their load-carrying capacity is crucial for ensuring safety and reliability. Existing design methods and empirical equations still exhibit discrepancies in determining the ultimate load capacity of flat slabs. This study aims to develop a robust machine learning model, specifically the M5P model tree, for predicting the punching shear capacity of a RC flat slab without shear reinforcement. A comprehensive dataset of 482 experimentally tested flat slabs without shear reinforcement was gathered through an extensive literature review and utilized for the development of the M5P model. The model takes into account influential parameters, such as slab thickness, longitudinal reinforcement ratios, and concrete strength. The performance of the proposed M5P model was compared with existing design codes and other empirical models. The comparison highlights that the developed M5P model tree provides a more accurate and reliable prediction of the punching shear capacity of RC flat slabs. This study contributes to the advancement of structural engineering knowledge and has the potential to improve the design and safety assessment of concrete flat slab structures.

The progress in nanotechnology has effectively tackled and overcome numerous global issues, including climate change, environmental contamination, and various lethal diseases. The nanostructures being a vital part of nanotechnology have been synthesized employing different physicochemical methods. However, these methods are expensive, polluting, eco-unfriendly, and produce toxic byproducts. Green chemistry having exceptional attributes, such as cost-effectiveness, non-toxicity, higher stability, environment friendliness, ability to control size and shape, and superior performance, has emerged as a promising alternative to address the drawbacks of conventional approaches. Plant extracts are recognized as the best option for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles due to adherence to the environmentally benign route and sustainability agenda 2030 of the United Nations. In recent decades, phytosynthesized nanoparticles have gained much attention for different scientific applications. Eucalyptus globulus (blue gum) is an evergreen plant belonging to the family Myrtaceae, which is the targeted point of this review article. Herein, we mainly focus on the fabrication of nanoparticles, such as zinc oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, lanthanum oxide, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, lead oxide, nickel oxide, gold, silver, and zirconium oxide, by utilizing Eucalyptus globulus extract and its essential oils. This review article aims to provide an overview of the synthesis, characterization results, and biomedical applications of nanoparticles synthesized using Eucalyptus globulus. The present study will be a better contribution to the readers and the students of environmental research.

This study used batch and online methods to accurately determine how much arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), selenium (Se), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) can be leached from baby rice cereals into a baby's body. Speciation analysis of the saliva and gastric juice leachates was conducted to further assess the risk associated with the continued consumption of baby rice cereal for infants. A simple 15 min chromatographic analysis successfully separated eight species consisting of As(III), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), As(V), Se(IV), Se(VI), Cr(III), and Cr(VI). Given that 95%-100% As, 29%-100% Cr, 62%-100% Pb, 70%-100% Se, 63%-100% Cd, 36%-100% Cu, 67%-100% Fe, and 70%-100% Zn were bio-accessible and the speciation analysis results showed all bio-accessible As and Se to be in the forms of As(V) and Se(VI) and 70%-100% of Cr to be in the Cr(III) form, a variety of foods should be fed to infants rather than just baby rice cereal to ensure a well-balanced diet and less exposure to As at such a young age. Key words: speciation analysis, baby cereal, risk assessment, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, bio-accessibility. Dans le cadre de la présente étude, nous avons utilisé des méthodes par lots et en ligne pour déterminer avec justesse les quantités d'As, de Cr, de Se, de Cd, de Pb, de Cu, de Fe et de Zn pouvant passer des céréales de riz pour bébés dans l'organisme d'un bébé. Nous avons soumis la salive et les lixiviats gastriques à une analyse de spéciation afin d'évaluer plus en détail le risque associé à la consommation continue de céréales de riz pour bébés. Une simple analyse chromatographique a permis de séparer en 15 minutes huit espèces, dont l'As(III), l'acide monométhylarsonique (MMA), l'acide diméthylar-sinique (DMA), l'As(V), le Se(IV), le Se(VI), le Cr(III) et le Cr(VI). Nos résultats montrent que 95 à 100% de l'As, 29 à 100% du Cr, 62 à 100% du Pb, 70 à 100% du Se, 63 à 100% du Cd, 36 à 100% du Cu, 67 à 100% du Fe et 70 à 100% du Zn étaient bioaccessibles, et ceux de l'analyse de spéciation, que tout l'As et le Se bioaccessibles se trouvaient sous forme d'As(V) et de Se(VI) et que 70 à 100% du Cr était sous forme de Cr(III). À la lumière de ces résultats, on peut conclure que l'alimentation des nourrissons, pour être équilibrée, devrait être composée d'aliments variés plutôt qu'uniquement de céréales de riz pour bébés, ce qui permettrait également de faire en sorte qu'ils soient moins exposés à l'arsenic à un si jeune âge. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés : analyse de spéciation, céréales pour bébés, évaluation des risques, spectrométrie de masse à plasma à couplage inductif, bioaccessibilité., Introduction With an estimated 360 000 babies born a day worldwide, (1) the baby food industry is a fast growing market that provides a countless number of products to make [...]

Kubernetes is an orchestration tool that runs and manages container-based workloads. It works as a collection of different virtual or physical servers that support multiple storage capacities, provide network functionalities, and keep all containerized applications active in a desired state. It also provides an increasing fleet of different facilities, known as microservices. However, Kubernetes’ scalability has led to a complex network structure with an increased attack vector. Attackers can launch a Denial of service (DoS) attack against servers/machines in Kubernetes by producing fake traffic load, for instance. DoS or Distributed Denial of service (DDoS) attacks are malicious attempts to disrupt a targeted service by flooding the target’s service with network packets. Constant observation of the network traffic is extremely important for the early detection of such attacks. Extended Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF) and eXpress Datapath (XDP) are advanced technologies in the Linux kernel that perform high-speed packet processing. In the case of Kubernetes, eBPF and XDP can be used to protect against DDoS attacks by enabling fast and efficient network security policies. For example, XDP can be used to filter out traffic that is not authorized to access the Kubernetes cluster, while eBPF can be used to monitor network traffic for signs of DDoS attacks, such as excessive traffic from a single source. In this research, we utilize eBPF and XDP to build a detection and observation mechanism to filter out malicious content and mitigate a Denial of Service attack on Kubernetes.

Stone columns have been extensively advocated as a traditional approach to increase the undrained bearing capacity and reduce the settlement of footings sitting on cohesive ground. However, due to the complex interaction between the soil and the stone columns, there currently needs to be a commonly acknowledged approach that can be used to precisely predict the undrained bearing capacity of the system. For this reason, the bearing capacity of a sandy bed reinforced with geogrid and sitting above a collection of geogrid-encased stone columns floating in soft clay was studied in this research. Using a white-box machine learning (ML) technique called Multivariate Polynomial Regression (MPR), this work aims to develop a model for predicting the bearing capacity of the referred foundation system. For this purpose, two hundred and forty-five experimental results were collected from the literature. In addition, the model was compared to two other ML models, namely, a black-box model known as Random Forest (RF) and a white-box ML model called Linear Regression (LR). In terms of R2 (coefficient of determination) and RMSE (Root Mean Absolute Error) values, the newly proposed model outperforms the two other referred models and demonstrates robust estimation capabilities. In addition, a parametric analysis was carried out to determine the contribution of each input variable and its relative significance on the output.

In the current work Plasticized sodium ion conducting solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) based on polyvinyl alcohol: methylcellulose (PVA: MC) and sodium iodide (NaI) as the electrolytic salt are fabricated. The SPE films are created using a renowned solution casting procedure, and the results of the experiments are provided. The development of polymers-salt complexes is supported by the Fourier-transform infrared transform (FTIR) analysis. The degrees of crystallinity of the polymers are noticeably decreased as a result of the glycerol plasticizer, according to X-ray diffraction test. The sample inserted with 40 wt% glycerol has the maximum ionic conductivity, according to electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Electrical equivalence circuits (EEC) are used to explore the electrolytes circuit components. For the highest conducting electrolyte, the number density (n), mobility (µ), and diffusion coefficient (D) of ions are found to be 2 × 1021, 1.79 × 10−6, and 4.59 × 10−8, respectively. A high dispersion of the real component of dielectric permittivity at a lower frequency are used to infer the space charge influence induced by stainless-still (SS) electrodes. The tangent loss spectra show that the bouncing chance per unit time decreases as the glycerol concentration rises.

This study reports a facile synthesis of silver nanoparticles (C3-AgNPs) by chemical route, using C3; 2,2′-((1E,1′E)-(propane-1,3-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))diphenol (3) and silver nitrate. The formation of nanoparticles was monitored using UV–Vis spectroscopy by the appearance of typical surface plasmon absorption maxima. The synthesized C3-AgNPs were characterized using Fourier-Transform-infrared (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. In addition, the effect of concentration, temperature, time, pH, and stability in salts solution on C3-AgNPs was determined. From AFM, C3-AgNPs were found polydispersed with average size of 29.93 nm. Furthermore, the study reports C3-AgNPs as sensitive protocol for the detection of toxic metal; Hg(II) in tap water. From ten salts tested, C3-AgNPs demonstrated a sensitive and selective spectrophotometric signal and aggregation induced decrease of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band. The nanosensor probe displayed a sensitive response to Hg(II) in a wide range of concentrations and pH. In addition, the decrease in SPR band of C3-AgNPs due to Hg(II) was not affected by tap water samples. C3-AgNPs also exhibited a redox catalytic potential in dyes degradation. In biological application, C3-AgNPs exhibited significant anticancer and antibacterial potential of 65 to 94% at 24–72 h, and inhibition zone of 7–18 mm, respectively. Hence, the synthesized C3-AgNPs could have promising application in environmental and pharmacological remediation.

Surface ozone (O3) is an important air pollutant and greenhouse gas. Land use and land cover is one of the critical factors influencing ozone, in addition to anthropogenic emissions and climate. Land use and land cover change (LULCC) can on the one hand affect ozone “biogeochemically”, i.e., via dry deposition and biogenic emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). LULCC can on the other hand alter regional- to large-scale climate through modifying albedo and evapotranspiration, which can lead to changes in surface temperature, hydrometeorology, and atmospheric circulation that can ultimately impact ozone “biogeophysically”. Such biogeophysical effects of LULCC on ozone are largely understudied. This study investigates the individual and combined biogeophysical and biogeochemical effects of LULCC on ozone and explicitly examines the critical pathway for how LULCC impacts ozone pollution. A global coupled atmosphere–chemistry–land model is driven by projected LULCC from the present day (2000) to the future (2050) under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, focusing on the boreal summer. Results reveal that when considering biogeochemical effects only, surface ozone is predicted to have slight changes by up to 2 ppbv maximum in some areas due to LULCC. It is primarily driven by changes in isoprene emission and dry deposition counteracting each other in shaping ozone. In contrast, when considering the combined effect of LULCC, ozone is more substantially altered by up to 5 ppbv over several regions in North America and Europe under RCP4.5, reflecting the importance of biogeophysical effects on ozone changes. In boreal and temperate mixed forests with intensive reforestation, enhanced net radiation and sensible heat induce a cascade of hydrometeorological feedbacks that generate warmer and drier conditions favorable for higher ozone levels. In contrast, reforestation in subtropical broadleaf forests has minimal impacts on boundary-layer meteorology and ozone air quality. Furthermore, significant ozone changes are also found in regions with only modest LULCC, which can only be explained by “remote” biogeophysical effects. A likely mechanism is that reforestation induces a circulation response, leading to reduced moisture transport and ultimately warmer and drier conditions in the surrounding regions with limited LULCC. We conclude that the biogeophysical effects of LULCC are important pathways through which LULCC influences ozone air quality both locally and in remote regions even without significant LULCC. Overlooking the effects of hydrometeorological changes on ozone air quality may cause underestimation of the impacts of LULCC on ozone pollution.

Oil palm agro-industry is a major revenue earner for Malaysia with the country being one of the major producers of crude palm oil (CPO) and oil palm products. Its growth has, however, led to massive water consumption and high generation of highly polluting palm oil mill effluent (POME). The inadequacies of ponding system adopted by most palm oil mills (POMs) for the treatment of POME to alleviate environmental and public health concerns are quite alarming. Fenton advanced oxidation technologies are a current research area providing viable alternatives for POME treatment, recovery and managing high demand for water. Its major setback is the generation of a large amount of unwanted sludge of iron (III) complexes thus increasing the costs of sludge management, treatment, and disposal. The salient and promising features of this technique for industrial applications motivate researchers to find ways to overcome its inherent drawbacks. This brief review aimed at discussing and evaluating the performances of the various Fenton oxidation processes, including homogeneous, heterogeneous, photo-Fenton, electro-Fenton, sono-Fenton etc., for POME treatment. Discussions on the future direction of these Fenton processes points towards the utilization of abundant magnetically separable heterogeneous composites as catalysts with high stability, activity, recyclability, and cost-effectiveness for decontamination of POME and other agro-industrial effluents from recalcitrant organic pollutants. The low deployment of such composite catalyst coupled with scarce literature on POME treatment in this regard offers a vast opportunity for research exploration.

Piper longum (long pepper) in dried form is used in several traditional medicines and as a spice. The present study highlights nutritional and toxic elements content, synthesis, and characterization of silver, copper oxide, and nickel nanoparticles using P. longum catkin extract. The study also determined anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and redox catalytic activities of the synthesized NPs. The P. longum extract mediated nanoparticles (PLNPs) synthesized at different pH and ratios were characterized by UV–Vis (ultra-violet-visible), FT-IR (Fourier-Transform infrared), and scanning electron and atomic force microscopic (SEM, AFM) techniques. Elemental content of P. longum catkin determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and ICP-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) indicated appreciable concentrations of nutritional elements, and well below permissible ranges of toxic elements. Well-defined and stable silver nanoparticles (PLAgNPs) were formed in 1:4 to 1:6 ratios, while copper oxide and nickel NPs (PLCuONPs and PLNiNPs) were found prominent in 1:6 ratio. In determining the effect of pH on synthesized PLNPs, sharp intense absorption peaks were obtained under slightly neutral to highly basic conditions (pH 6 to 13) for PLAgNPs, whereas for PLCuONPs and PLNiNPs, pH 7–8 was optimum. In biological activities, PLNPs exhibited significant anticancer efficacy against DU-145 (prostate cancer) cell line in the range from 92.7% (PLCuONPs) to 100% (PLAgNPs, PLNiNPs). Fuurthermore, the sythesized NPs exhibited significant antioxidant, antimicrobial, and redox catalytic properties. This study concluded the promising nutritional, biological and environmental remediation applications, and hence, further exploration of the synthesized NPs in biological and clinical applications is currently under investigation.

The current study aims to assess the aqueous extract of Pinus wallichiana stem for the synthesis of small spherical-shaped (10–30 nm) silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their in-vitro and in-vivo biomedical applications. The biosynthesized AgNPs were nonmutagenic and safe at all test doses as per Ames and acute toxicity assay (20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/kg). The percent writhing inhibitory effect generated by AgNPs was 42.51, 50.84, and 59.06 at test doses of 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg, respectively. The percent decreased in gastrointestinal tract motility observed was 41.34%, 32.69%, and 28.48% at 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg, respectively. They also showed a significant antipyretic effect after 1, 2, and 3 h in comparison to normal saline. The AgNPs of P. wallichiana showed good antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii (60% with MIC50 = 2.36 mg/ml and MBC = 5.0 mg/ml). These nanoparticles also possessed good antioxidant activity of 61.77 ± 0.828% and 70.25 ± 0.56% at 400 and 500 µg/ml, respectively and lack phytoagglutinin potential. Because of their high potency as biomedical agents, these nanoparticles can be a good alternative to the currently available drugs and approaches.

Abstract To formulate a nanoformulation (PLGA-NPs) and to improve brain bioavailability for thymoquinone (THQ) through intranasal (i.n.) drug delivery, using a newly UHPLC-PDA developed the method and validated. Five different THQ-PLGA-NPs (THQ-N1 to THQ-N5) were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method. A new UHPLC method developed and validated for biodistribution studies in the rat’s brain, lungs and plasma. Optimized-THQ-N1-NPs showed a particle size of 97.36 ± 2.01 nm with a low PDI value of 0.263 ± 0.004, ZP of − 17.98 ± 1.09, EE of 82.49 ± 2.38% and DL of 5.09 ± 0.13%. THQ-N1-NPs showed sustained release pattern via in vitro release profile. A bioanalytical method was developed by UHPLC-PDA and validated for the evaluation of pharmacokinetics parameters, biodistribution studies, brain drug-targeting potential (89.89 ± 9.38%), and brain-targeting efficiency (8075.00 ± 113.05%) studies through intranasal administration which showed an improved THQ-brain- bioavailability, compared to i.v. Moreover, THQ-PLGA-NPs improved the seizure threshold treatment i.e. epilepsy increasing current electroshock (ICES) rodent models induced seizures in rats. A significant role of THQ-PLGA-NPs with high brain targeting efficiency of the nanoformulations was established. The reported data supports the treatment of epilepsy.

The current research was intended to establish the impact of Silibinin nanoparticles (SB-APSP) produced by the antisolvent precipitation with a syringe pump (APSP). The in-vivo bioavailability and hepatoprotective activity of SB-APSP were evaluated in experimental animals. To determine the pharmacokinetic parameters, silibinin and its nanoparticles were given orally to rabbits at a dose of 50 mg/Kg body weight. Blood samples were drawn at different time intervals and were analyzed using HPLC. The bioavailability of un processed silibinin was lower as compared to silibinin nanoparticles (3.45 ± 0.07 and 23.76 ± 0.07 µg/mL respectively). The AUC and Cmax of SB-APSP were found to be 15.56 and 6.88 folds greater for nanoparticles when compared to silibinin. Hepatoprotective study in Male Sprague Dawley rats revealed that SB-APSP provide better recovery of the damaged liver cell induced by CCl4. Histopathology of the liver revealed that SB-APSP provide better protection to the liver cells from the damage induced by CCl4 and maintained the hepatic lobule histopathology more efficiently. It was concluded that the SB-APSP can more effectively protect the liver in experimental animals in a far better way compared to the un-processed Silibinin and could be used as an efficient hepatoprotective agent. Keywords: Silibinin, Pharmacokinetic parameters, Carbon tetrachloride, Hepatoprotective activity

We examine graphically the behavior of the dual solution of an unsteady incompressible viscous flow with heat transfer due to a moving porous surface. The mathematical model is developed with the implementation of conservation laws which are then tackled numerically, and the simulations are performed through the Keller–Box technique. Application of the Keller–Box technique allows the non-linear differential equations to transform to a scheme of linear differential equations which are easier to illuminate. Outcomes of velocity and thermal behavior are shown graphically for certain values of the dimensionless parameters. It is obvious from the results that temperature of fluid decreases with the increasing values of dimensionless Prandtl number Pr, whereas the velocity enhances for blowing situations.

Water resources have been exposed to many kinds of pollutants in the last decades. These contaminants included inorganic and organic substances, such as heavy metals, plastics, herbicides, pesticides, antibiotics, and dyes. Because of the developing textile industry, pigments have been spread out over the environment extensively, especially in the aquatic system, which impacts the organisms' life. Further, it is considered as a longlife threat because of its resistancy to degradation by microorganisms. In this review many aspects have been illustrated related to synthesis, characterization, and mechanism degradation of Methylene blue dye of plant based titanium oxide nanoparticles and the variation of properties of synthesized nanoparticles using different parts of plant. The article also explains several techniques used for synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and their efficiency and drawbacks in details. Further, compare the conventional methods to the green based techniques and how the green approach is more advantageous and efficient. Besides, the spectroscopic and microscopic techniques used in characterization of green prepared titanium nanoparticles have been exhibited in details. Moreover, it viewed the proposed mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in aqueous medium in assistance of visible and ultraviolet light to mineralize the organic pollutant to less toxic species. In this regard, an attempt was made to congregate the various reports on green synthesis of TiO2NPs using extract of various parts of the plant, their characterizations using different spectroscopic, microscopic techniques, and their efficient action in the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from the effluent.

Various chemicals were explored in chemical combinations with two selected agrowastes in order to optimize, enhance, and improve their biosorption potential for the optimal and effective eradication of noxious, carcinogenic, and malignant cationic and basic dyes from wastewater. In this project, environmentally safe, economic, inexpensive, and widely available peels of Trapa natans (TP) and Citrullus lanatus (CP) were collected, dried, and pretreated with citric acid, revealing promising results. FT-IR and SEM characterizations of chemically changed biosorbents (C-TP and C-CP) have evidenced the presence of more secondary adsorption sites on their surfaces. These acid-modified biosorbents were employed to eliminate the hazardous and toxic basic dyes such as Rhodamine B (RAD) and Brilliant Green Dye (BLG) in batch mode processing. The Langmuir model was best fitted to equilibrium experimental data as compared to Freundlich and Temkin isothermal mathematical models with Qmax of 15.63 and 27.55 mg/g for RAD using C-TP and C-CP, respectively, whereas, for BLG on C-TP and C-CP, it was 128 and 189 mg/g, respectively. Therefore, the mechanism is related to chelation and ion exchange modes between adsorbate molecules and adsorbent surfaces, leading to homogeneous and monolayer adsorption and following pseudo-2nd-order kinetics in the best way. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG0, ΔS0, ΔH0, and ΔE0 are determined statistically for the adsorption performance of both novel chemically mutant biosorbents, which reflect that biosorption mechanisms are exothermic as well as spontaneous.