Search

Objectives: To analyze the bituminous oil in supercritical water with ultra dispersed magnetite particles and coal. Methods: Experiments conducted in a closed reactor under conditions that allow the transition from the aqueous phase into the supercritical fluid. Results: The general regularities of fundamental change, of particular group composition are shown. The viscosity properties of the original and the converted oil investigated. Degradation of high molecular parts of raw material to form light hydrocarbons that are absent in the initial crude oil Conclusion: Considerable decrease in the viscosity of the transformed oil in comparison to the first crude oil is recorded.

The article presents the results of studies on the creation of a composition, the determination of quality indicators of low fat ice cream without sucrose. The research is determined by the population’s need for healthy food and conducted with the help of modern rheological, microstructural and thermostatic research methods. To replace the traditionally used sucrose, a mixture of trehalose and fructose is provided. This provided the sweetness and dry substances characteristic of milk ice cream with a sucrose mass fraction of 15.5%. It has been established that the use of fructose and trehalose instead of sucrose does not adversely affect technologically significant product parameters. Their use leads to an increase in the effective viscosity of the mixture by 1.2 times, does not reduce the thermal stability of the finished product and increases the dispersion of ice crystals. Ice crystals with trehalose were dominated by ice crystals up to 15 microns in size after quenching. An increase in their size to 22 microns after 1 month. storage did not adversely affect the organoleptic characteristics of the product. In the control sample, ice crystals prevailing at least 35 microns in size during this period.

Associations of cyanobacterial communities in a typical chernozem contaminated with oil (0.05, 0.5, and 5% of the soil weight) were investigated. The high concentration of oil in the soil favored the development of other microorganisms (mostly, hydrocarbon oxidizers) on the surface and in the colonial mucus of cyanobacteria.

The effect of structural properties and the morphology of Ge@PAA nanocomposites synthesized by thermal deposition of Ge on porous anodic alumina matrices with different porosity on the band gap value and PL properties is investigated. PL in the range of 330–520 nm may be due to F and F2 luminescent centers in the surface of nanopores of PAA matrices. The density of electronic states in this interface depends on the temperature of matrices during deposition and on the surface morphology. The role of radiative recombination centers is played by the broken bonds in a thin intermediate Ge x –Al y –O z layer in the Ge/oxide matrix interface. No obvious effect of the crystalline structure of germanium nanoparticles on the PL maximum position is observed, but the spatial localization of electron–hole pairs of small-sized Ge crystallites of which nanoparticles consist leads to an increase in the optical band gap.

The influence of the porous structure of anodic alumina matrices on the structural and morphological properties of germanium nanostructures, obtained by high vacuum thermal deposition on anodic alumina, is reported. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs reveal the formation of Ge nanostructures in the form of rods and tubes with diameters from 16–130 nm and arrangements specified by the geometry characteristics of the porous matrix structure. X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering studies show the formation of nanostructures with structural states specified by the temperature of the substrate: the amorphous state at 200 °C and 300 °C, the mixed amorphous–crystalline state at 400 °C and the crystalline state at 500 °C. Germanium nanostructures with ordered distributions in the dielectric matrices are desired for application in optoelectronic devices.

The estimation of the mean mass enthalpy at the outlet of the plasmatron with distributed parameters. Non-equilibrium plasma at low pressures allows to combine the processes of plasma treatment and sputtering. It is necessary to consider the influence of electrode erosion.

The influence of light on the total productivity of a tissue culture ofAjuga turkestanica has been studied. When calluses are grown in the absence of light the yield of biomass and its ecdysterone content increase. In a study of the influence of α-naphthylacetic acid on the productivity of a suspension cell culture it has been shown that with an increase in the concentration of the auxin the yield of crude mass rises but the ecdysterone content falls. The activation of the biosynthesis of the secondary product takes place with a retardation of the processes of growth and cell division.