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Bornite electrodes were characterized in the absence or in the presence of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, which is an important microorganism involved in metal bioleaching processes. The presence of the bacterium modified the mineral/electrolyte interface, increasing the corrosion rate, as revealed by interferometric, AEM, ICP and EIS analyses. As a consequence of bacterial activity the electrode became porous, increasing its surface heterogeneity. This behavior was correlated with the evolution of impedance diagrams obtained during the time course of experiments. The main difference in these diagrams was the presence of an inductive feature (up to 44 h), which was related to bacterial action on the mineral dissolution, better than to its adhesion on the bornite. The total real impedance measured in presence of the bacterium was about 10 times lower than in its absence, due to the acceleration of the mineral dissolution, because an oxidant environment was maintained.

We describe a methodology to perform reliable tunneling spectroscopy in electrochemical media. Sequential in situ tunneling spectra are recorded while the electrochemical potential of the electrode is scanned. Spectroscopic data are presented as conductance maps or conductograms that show the in situ electronic structure of an electrode surface while it undergoes an electrochemical reaction. The conductance map or conductogram represents the redox fingerprint of an electrode/liquid interface in a specific medium and can serve to predict its electrochemical behavior in a quantitative energy scale. The methodology is validated studying the reversible oxidation and passivity of an iron electrode in borate buffer, and we describe the main quantitative information that can be extracted concerning the semiconducting properties of the Fe passive film. This methodology is useful to study heterogeneous catalysis, electrochemical sensing and bioelectronic systems.

We present a new procedure to prepare Pt/Ir probes for electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy applications. We detail the experimental setup and the improvements over previous methods. The probes have been used successfully for measurements of tunneling spectroscopy under electrochemical control, which requires scanning the potential of the tip at high velocity.

The RNA binding characteristics of wild-type and deletion constructs of polypyrimidine tract binding protein that have RNA recognition motifs in both an oligomeric and monomeric context were examined to correlate structural motifs with their roles. Results showed that there is no strong correlation between the RNA binding affinity and specificity upon oligomerization. However, the mode of RNA interaction and dimerization is related.

The scanning tunneling microscope break junction technique is employed to explain the various transport characteristics that are exhibited by the long conjugated molecular wires. The impact of the length and the temperature on the conductance behavior of these wires is also analyzed.