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Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the surface roughness and shear bond characteristics of pol-ether-ether-ketone after different surface treatments. Setting and Design: An in vitro, prospective. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty disc-shaped samples of 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness were milled and subjected to following surface treatments: 110 μm alumina particles, 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, and 10–20 μm synthetic diamond particles. Surface characteristics of treated sample were studied under SEM with ×500 and ×1000 magnification. Shear bond strength (SBS) with composite resin discs embedded in acrylic blocks after luting with self-etch resin cement and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) was evaluated using the universal testing machine (Instron®, Massachusetts U. S. A). Statistical Analysis Used: The data collected were evaluated using the Analysis of variance and Tukey's honest significant difference post hoc test. Results: Highest SBS and SR were noted with self-etch resin cement in the given order: 98% sulfuric acid (2.106 ± 0.186 μm), followed by alumina particles (1.706 ± 0.160 μm) and synthetic diamond particles (1.101 ± 0.167 μm). Conclusion: The SBS of self-etch resin cement was higher compared to RMGIC for all three surface treatments done on test samples. Hundred percent samples treated by all three surface treatment methods showed mixed type of failure.

Aim Variation in the surface roughness of archwires not only leads to more accumulation of plaque but also modifies the coefficient of friction. This necessitated for the present study to evaluate the surface characteristics of 0.016 × 0.022-inch nickel-titanium, beta-titanium, and copper-nickel-titanium archwires, before and after their use in the oral cavity using atomic force microscopy. Materials and methods The control and experimental samples were measured at three different positions under atomic force microscopy. The surface roughness was measured using roughness average, root mean square, and maximum height before and after use in the oral cavity among 60 adult participants. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance and Student's t tests using the Statistical Package for Social Software (SPSS) v.20.0. Results The surface roughness of archwires increased considerably after their clinical use compared to controls for nickel-titanium (p = 0.013) and beta-titanium (p = 0.002). A similar trend was noticed for root mean square where nickel-titanium (p = 0.014) and beta-titanium (p = 0.013) had increased root mean square. Maximum height was also noticed in nickel-titanium (p = 0.031) and beta-titanium (p = 0.016). Conclusion Surface roughness and the level of friction of the orthodontic wires increase significantly for nickel-titanium and beta-titanium after the clinical use. There is a difference in increase of surface roughness of the archwire within and between the bracket slots. Clinical significance Nickel-titanium and beta-titanium wires show more roughness and resultant higher friction levels after use in the oral cavity. Hence, care related to plaque accumulation is essential.

Background: Recently, the caries management had shifted from extension for prevention to early detection and remineralization of remaining tooth structure using noninvasive techniques. Aim: The present trial was carried out to assess the effect of adding mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate as a surfactant to ceramic on remineralization of dentin. Materials and Methods: The 32 teeth were divided into the following four groups randomly (n = 8 each group) – Group I: cavities not restored, Group II: Restored with ceramic, Group III: restored with ceramic and 2% mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate, and Group IV: restored with ceramic and 5% mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate. Knoop indenter microhardness tests were done at 10, 20, and 40 days. The surface was evaluated under scanning electron microscope. The collected data were subjected to statistical evaluation, and the results were formulated. Results: In ceramic restored (Group II), an increase in Knoop microhardness (KHN) values was seen at 10-, 20-, and 40-day assessment with the respective values of 102.2 ± 20.3, 118.7 ± 19.4, and 127 ± 15.1. Similarly, a constant increase at different assessments was observed for Groups III and IV with 2% and 5% of mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate with ceramic with a 40-day KHN value of 128.2 ± 21.4 for Group III and 113.5 ± 17.3 for Group IV. A statistically significant difference was seen between ceramic and 5% mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate (Group IV) with hardness values of 30.31%, 29.8%, and 21.78% for Groups II, III, and IV, respectively, at 20 days. Conclusion: The present study concludes that ceramic restorations are effective in promoting dentin remineralization. However, the addition of only 2% mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate was beneficial, whereas 5% mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate reduced the efficacy of ceramic on dentin remineralization.

Purpose: In this in vitro study, we evaluate the effect of delmopinol application on Candida albicans adherence on heat-cured acrylic resin and cold-cured acrylic resin. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 specimens of every sort of acrylic resin were made, 20 specimens of each type were control group, 20 specimens were contaminated before delmopinol application, and 20 specimens were contaminated after delmopinol application. Each specimen in each tube was individually transferred to a spectrophotometer at 530 nm wavelength to measure the turbidity degree through the transmittance. Aliquots of 10 μl of every tube were then collected and inoculated into agar Sabouraud plates containing 500 mmol/l of sucrose, which was incubated for 24 h at 37°C, so as to see the microbial growth. Two-way ANOVA analysis of variance test and post hoc Turkey's test were carried out to ascertain the level of significance (P Conclusion: In case of contamination after delmopinol application, heat-cured acrylic resin showed a greater reduction in the adherence of C. albicans in this study.