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A new phenylethyl glycoside (1), (S)-1-phenylethyl-6-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside), and a new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan (7), Kasuracin A, together with seven known compounds, were isolated and identified from the leaves of Kadsura coccinea. Their structures were determined by analysis of multinuclear and multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), circular dichroism (CD), mass spectrometry, hydrolysis analysis, or comparison to those reported in the literature. Then, all the isolates 1‒9 were evaluated for their inhibitory eff ;ects against nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Among them, compounds 2 and 3 were isolated for the first time from this plant and compounds 3, 7, 8, and 9 significantly inhibited NO production with IC50 values of 36.4, 10.2, 12.3, and 21.7 μM, respectively.

Background Ginseng, officially known as Panax ginseng Meyer, has been traditionally used as a medicinal herb, particularly in Asia. Ginseng is propagated from seeds; however, seed germination is challenging, especially in its natural environment on farms. The seeds typically exhibit morphophysiological dormancy and require release from both morphological and physiological dormancy before germination. Although some studies have proposed methods for increasing seed germination rates, the underlying mechanisms of its dormancy release process remain unclear. Here, we investigated metabolic alterations during dehiscence in P. ginseng to determine their potential roles in dormancy release. Methods We compared the ginseng seed metabolome before and after dehiscence and the ginsenoside and phytosterol compositions of the seeds in both periods in the presence of related enzymes. Results After seed dehiscence, the sugar, amino acid, and squalene concentrations were significantly altered, phytosterols associated with the stigmasterol biosynthesis pathway were increased, while ginsenoside and brassinosteroid levels were not significantly altered. In addition, squalene epoxidase, cycloartenol synthase, 24-methylenesterol C-methyltransferase, and the stigmasterol biosynthesis pathway were activated. Conclusion Overall, our findings suggest that morphological activities that facilitate ginseng seed growth are the primary phenomena occurring during the dehiscence process. This study improves the understanding of P. ginseng germination processes and promotes further research of its germination and cultivation.

In this paper, ZIF-11 material was synthesized from benzimidazole and different zinc salt sources at room temperature. The obtained samples were characterized using XRD, SEM, FTIR and TGA measurements. The results showed that the synthesized materials had nano-size, and uniformity with the sharp dodecahedrons structure of ZIF-11. Zinc sources had an influence on the size and nature of the ZIF-11 crystal. The average crystalline size of the nanoparticles calculated by Scherrer equation were 85.5 nm for sample of zinc nitrate, 91.9 nm for sample of zinc chloride and 111.5 nm for sample of zinc acetate. The obtained samples had high thermal stability ( 460 °C). The adsorption capacity of the synthesized materials for iodine from aqueous solution was very high (236 mg/g).

In the present paper, ZIF-67 material was synthesized from cobalt (II) nitrate hexahydrate and 2-methyl imidazole in three different solvents (methanol, ethanol and acetone) at room temperature. The obtained samples were characterized using XRD, SEM, FTIR, TGA and nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements. The results show that the synthesized ZIF-67 materials had a high purity, nano-size, and uniformity with the sharp dodecahedrons structure of ZIF-67. Solvents had an influence on the size and nature of the ZIF-67 crystal. The average crystalline size of the nanoparticles calculated by Scherrer equation were 64 nm for sample in acetone solvent, 128 nm for sample in ethanol solvent and 132 nm for sample in methanol solvent. The obtained samples had high thermal stability ( 320 °C). The ZIF-67 material with ethanol solvent had a high specific surface area (SBET) of 1506 m2/g. The synthesized samples exhibited better adsorption capacity of methyl oranges than that of rhodamine B.

Actinomycetes has been extensively studied due to its ability to produce secondary compounds with high application value. Especially their antibiotic ability, more than 40% of antibiotics are derived from actinomycetes of which genus Streptomyces predominates. Moreover, marine actinomycetes have been being of great interest in recent years due to their ability to produce bioactive substances capable of providing diverse and novel chemical structures. In this study, from 8 samples of marine sediments collected in Vung Ang bay in Ha Tinh provinces, we have isolated 20 strains of actinomycetes. The strains were fermented in A1+ medium, the fermentation fluid was extracted 5 times with ethyl acetate, recovered sediment and determined antibacterial and cytotoxic activity. From the screening results, two strains with the highest antibacterial activity and highest cytotoxicity were selected ie., HT03 and HT06. Both strains had antagonistic activity of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC29212 with MICHT03= 32 μg/mL, MICHT06= 16μg/mL, with Stapphylococus aureus ATCC25923 with MICHT03= 64 μg/mL, MICHT06= 32 μg/mL and with Bacillus cereus ATCC 13245 has the same MIC = 16 μg / mL. In addition, the two strains HT03 and HT06 were able to strongly inhibit the yeast Candida albicans ATCC10231 with MICHT03= 16 μg/mL, MICHT06= 8 μg/mL. Especially, two strains, HT03 and HT06, exhibited very good toxicity on all 5 cancer cell lines (MCF-7 breast cancer cell; MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell; lung cancer cell). NCI-H1975; HeLa cervical cancer cell; AGS gastric cancer cell) at both test concentrations of 30 µg/mL and 100µg/mL. By the analysis of 16S rRNA sequence, the results showed that the HT03 strain had the highest similarity (99.93%) to that of Streptomyces fradiaes and Streptomyces fradiae ATCC. The HT06 strain was defined to belong to Nocardiopsis synnemataformans with the 16S sequence identity of 99.89% to the Japanese standard Nocardiopsis synnemataformans DSM 44143 strain NBRC-102581.

An electrochemical approach has been used for green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles (e-AuNPs and e-AgNPs) with high levels of purity and scalability. The electrochemically synthesized noble-metal nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confirming the formation of spherical e-AuNPs and e-AgNPs with average size of 19 nm and 24 nm, respectively. These green nanoparticles were deposited on aluminum substrates using the drop-drying method for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based detection of Methylene Blue (MB) within the ranges from 10−5 M to 10−8 M and 10−7 M to 10−10 M, respectively. The SERS sensors also exhibited outstanding sensing performance for MB detection with limits of detection (LOD) of 9 × 10−11 M for e-AuNPs and 5 × 10−12 M for e-AgNPs. The enhancement factors (EFs) of the two noble-metal NPs were estimated to be 4.4 × 107 for e-AuNPs and 1.98 × 109 for e-AgNPs at an MB concentration of 10−8 M. We then clarified the roles of the purity and composition of these nanoparticles (NPs) on their SERS sensing performance by comparing our sensors with several reported sensing systems, as well as comparing our two kinds of NPs, in terms of sensitivity, stability, and reproducibility. We also propose a possible mechanism for the enhancement of the SERS signal observed for our two electrochemically synthesized NPs.

A series of schiartane C29 nortriterpenoids with 5/5/7/6/5 membered consecutive rings (1‒5) with an unique schinortriterpenoid skeleton including a new, kadcoccilactone V (1), together with four kn...

The fan-bellied leatherjacket skin was treated to extract collagen by chemical method. The non-collagenous substances and the pigment in the skin were removed with NaOH and H2O2, respectively. Collagen was extracted with acetic acid. The treatment and extraction conditions were optimized by response surface methodology. The concentrations, skin/solution ratios (g/ml) and times were surveyed. The optimum conditions to remove the non-collagenous substances were as follows: the concentration of NaOH at 0.15M, the ratio (g/ml) at 1/13.9, time at 56.9 hours. Using H2O2 with the concentration at6%, the skin/solution ratio (g/ml) at 1/2, time at 10 minutes were suitable values for skin pigmentation removal. For collagen extraction, the concentration of acetic acid at 0.53M, skin/solution ratio at 1/9.6 g/ml and time in 59.6 hours were optimal.

The antioxidant activities against DPPH free radical of crude extracts using ethyl acetate and methanol from ink sac, muscles, and bones of 5 squid species (Uroteuthis chinensis, Uroteuthis sibogae, Uroteuthis duvaucelii, Sepia esculenta, Sepioteuthis lessoniana) collected in Khanh Hoa waters were investigated. These activities ranged from 4.21% (ethyl acetate extract from ink of U. chinensis) to 54.51% (methanol extract from muscle of S. esculenta.). The functional group analysis by infrared adsorption spectrum (FTIR) in these crude extracts revealed the absorption peaks of melanin in ink, polysaccharide in bone and protein in muscle extracts. In addition, the SDS-PAGE result of some methanol extracts showed the presence of proteins with a molecular weight of 30-150 kDa.

Three new bis-trinorcadalenes, bistrinorcadintermes A–C (1-3) along with seven known compounds, parvifloral D (4), parvifloral E (5), parvifloral C (6), hymexelsin (7), scopoletin (8), scopolin (9), and hibiscolactone A (10) were isolated from the aerial parts and radix of Decaschistia intermedia Craib. Their chemical structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods, including 1D, 2D NMR, MS, and experimental CD spectra. All compounds were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. Compounds 1, 5, and 8 showed moderate α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 45.6 ± 4.2, 43.7 ± 3.6, and 43.7 ± 3.6 μg/mL, respectively. Compounds 2-4 and 10 showed weak α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 values ranging from 87.5 ± 6.3 to 219.8 ± 4.9 μg/mL.

In this work, reduced graphene oxide/double-walled carbon nanotubes/octahedral-Fe3O4/chitosan composite material modified screen-printed gold electrodes (rGO/DWCNTs/Oct-Fe3O4/Cs/SPAuE) under inhibition of urease enzyme was developed for the determination of glyphosate (GLY). The electrochemical behaviors of GLY on these electrodes were evaluated by square wave voltammetry (SWV). With the electroactive surface area is 1.7 times higher than that of bare SPAuE, the rGO/DWCNTs/Oct-Fe3O4/Cs/SPAuE for detection of GLY shows a low detection limit (LOD) of ~ 0.08 ppb in a large concentration range of 0.1–1000 ppb. Moreover, it is also successfully applied to the determination of GLY in river water samples with recoveries and relative standard deviations (RSDs) from 98.7% to 106.9% and from 0.79% to 0.87%, respectively. The developed composite will probably provide an universal electrochemical sensing platform that is very promising for environmental monitoring.

Ectopic expression of Glycine max two-component system member GmHP08 in Arabidopsis enhanced drought tolerance of transgenic plants, possibly via ABA-dependent pathways. Phosphorelay by two-component system (TCS) is a signal transduction mechanism which has been evolutionarily conserved in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Previous studies have provided lines of evidence on the involvement of TCS genes in plant perception and responses to environmental stimuli. In this research, drought-associated functions of GmHP08, a TCS member from soybean (Glycine max L.), were investigated via its ectopic expression in Arabidopsis system. Results from the drought survival assay showed that GmHP08-transgenic plants exhibited higher survival rates compared with their wild-type (WT) counterparts, indicating better drought resistance of the former group. Analyses revealed that the transgenic plants outperformed the WT in various regards, i.e. capability of water retention, prevention of hydrogen peroxide accumulation and enhancement of antioxidant enzymatic activities under water-deficit conditions. Additionally, the expression of stress-marker genes, especially antioxidant enzyme-encoding genes, in the transgenic plants were found greater than that of the WT plants. In contrary, the expression of SAG13 gene, one of the senescence-associated genes, and of several abscisic acid (ABA)-related genes was repressed. Data from this study also revealed that the ectopic expression lines at germination and early seedling development stages were hypersensitive to exogenous ABA treatment. Taken together, our results demonstrated that GmHP08 could play an important role in mediating plant response to drought, possibly via an ABA-dependent manner.

Objectives: This study compared the cerumen dissolution activities of 7.5% sodium bicarbonate, 5% potassium hydroxide, 10% lactic acid, 3% salicylic acid, 10% glycolic acid, and distilled water. Methods: An in vitro study was conducted with 36 cerumen samples. The cerumenolytic activities of the 6 agents were assessed by recording the degree of cerumen disintegration using digital photography at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 12 hours. The undissolved cerumen that remained after 12 hours was removed from the solutions and weighed after drying. Results: Potassium hydroxide showed the fastest cerumenolytic activity, dissolving a moderate amount of cerumen at 30 minutes, while glycolic acid and salicylic acid caused no visible changes in the cerumen samples. Samples treated with potassium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate exhibited higher degrees of disintegration compared to samples treated with distilled water (odds ratio and 95% CI: 273.237 [0.203-367 470.4] and 1.129 [0.002-850.341], respectively). The greatest reduction in cerumen weight was associated with the use of sodium bicarbonate; however, this result did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Among the solutions tested, 5% potassium hydroxide showed the fastest dissolution activity, yielding moderate disintegration within only 30 minutes. In terms of residual cerumen weight within 12 hours, all solutions exhibited equivalent effectiveness in the disintegration of cerumen.

Nano-polystyrene has gained considerable attention because of its growing accumulation in the environment. Although several studies have attempted to elucidate its action on physiological functions, studies investigating human metabolic disturbance were scarce. This study developed two investigative designs using exposure to human epithelial colorectal cells (Caco-2); the first exposed cells to a high concentration of 50 nm nano-polystyrene for 24 h (acute), whilst the second exposed cells to a relatively lower concentration for over 1.5 months (chronic). Exposure concentrations were determined based on bioassays: 10 and 80 μg mL−1 for the acute model and 0.1 μg mL−1 for the chronic exposure model. Following acute exposure, untargeted metabolic profiling revealed the alteration in lipid metabolic pathways, including steroid and arachidonic acid metabolism. On the other hand, chronic exposure induced relatively minor disturbances. However, there was still a potential effect on fatty acid biosynthesis, indicating that acute and chronic exposure to nano-polystyrene may disturb lipid homeostasis. We also confirmed changes in the expression levels of lipid transcriptional regulatory factor coding genes, namely sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factors 1 and 2. The total fatty acid composition was further investigated to verify metabolic disturbance by chronic exposure. Our findings indicated that both exposure conditions of high concentration with a short period and low concentration with an extended period to nano-polystyrene were associated with the cellular disturbance of the lipid metabolism.

The rational design of nanomaterials for electrochemical nanosensors from the perspective of structure–property–performance relationships is a key factor in improving the analytical performance toward residual antibiotics in food. We have investigated the effects of the crystalline phase and copper loading amount on the detection performance of Cu–MoS2 nanocomposite-based electrochemical sensors for the antibiotic chloramphenicol (CAP). The phase composition and copper loading amount on the MoS2 nanosheets can be controlled using a facile electrochemical method. Cu and Cu2O nanoparticle-based electrochemical sensors showed a higher CAP electrochemical sensing performance as compared to CuO nanoparticles due to their higher electrocatalytic activity and conductivity. Moreover, the design of Cu–MoS2 nanocomposites with appropriate copper loading amounts could significantly improve their electrochemical responses for CAP. Under optimized conditions, Cu–MoS2 nanocomposite-based electrochemical nanosensor showed a remarkable sensing performance for CAP with an electrochemical sensitivity of 1.74 μA μM−1 cm−2 and a detection limit of 0.19 μM in the detection range from 0.5–50 μM. These findings provide deeper insight into the effects of nanoelectrode designs on the analytical performance of electrochemical nanosensors.

Diversification of products that are derived from essential oils carries important implications in reducing agricultural waste and promoting the medicinal materials industry. In this study, we formulated a shampoo and a body wash product incorporated with lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oils (LEOs) and evaluated their color stability and the LEO compositional change. We first determined the color change and chemical composition of bare LEO under different storage conditions. Afterward, the washing product base was formulated, and its formulation process was optimized to minimize the color change by varying a wide range of parameters including pH, the inclusion of preservatives and antioxidants, LEO/antioxidant ratio, and emulsification temperature. The base product was then used in body wash and shampoo formulation following our previously reported procedure. The results indicated that direct incorporation of the LEO into the cosmetic products resulted in better color stability and citral retention in comparison with emulsion formation. In addition, shampoo and body wash products showed no detectible presence of compounds resulting from citral decomposition such as 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene, p-mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol, and p-cymene-8-ol. The current findings are expected to aid in diversifying LEO-derived commodities and justifying scalability of the cosmetics production process with a focus on the incorporation of naturally derived ingredients.

In this study, the best RHB (rice husk biochar) was investigated through the effect of pyrolysis synthesis processes and modifications. Five biochars were synthesized from rice husk waste materials at different pyrolysis temperatures (400 to 600 °C) in oxygen-limited conditions. The biochars were modified by acids to remove minerals on the surface area. The characteristics of the biochars were determined including surface morphology, specific surface area, and functional groups. The herbicide adsorption was accomplished by the batch equilibration method. The result indicated that the biochar that synthesized 500 °C for 6 h had the highest maximum adsorption capacity. The optimum RHB was biochar modified with HF acid. The optimum biochar had less or no minerals and it achieved abundant functional groups on the surface areas. The pore volume distributions in pore sizes of micropores and narrow mesopores played an important role to perform the uptake of the herbicides, they were in the range of 7.90 % and 59.26 %, respectively. The high-efficiency removals of atrazine and 2,4-D by optimum biochar were 82.70 % and 95.10 %, respectively. The rice husk biochar is a suitable adsorbent to remove herbicides from the aqueous environment. Keywords: Adsorbent; Adsorption; Atrazine; Biochar; 2,4-D. DOI 10.35180/gse-2020-0042

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of citric acid, acetic acid and lactic acid on extraction yield, chemical structure and antioxidant capacities of high methoxyl pectins extracted from peels of different pomelo varieties. The pectins were extracted by mixing freeze-dried pomelo peels with organic acids (pH 3.0) at a ratio of 1:30 (w/v). The results indicate that extraction yields of pectin extracted using citric acid was the highest (6.5–9.0%), followed by that using acetic acid (6.2–8.2%) and lactic acid (6.1–8.0%). All extracted pectins were categorized as high methoxyl pectins with degrees of esterification of 51.1–62.7%. Galacturonic acid content of the extracted pectin using citric acid (76.5–85.0%) was significantly higher than that using acetic acid (65.1–68.2%) and lactic acid (60.4–65.8%). The antioxidant capacity of the pectins using citric acid and lactic acid was significantly higher than that using acetic acid. FT-IR results show that structures of the extracted pectins from peels of different pomelo varieties were different. As a result, the pure high methoxyl pectin could be produced from pomelo peel by-products under organic solvent extraction, a potential "green" extraction technique.

The paper industry is an essential but energy-intensive economic sector. This study aims to propose an appropriate inventory method to first determine the GHG emission factor in the life cycle of paper products of Vietnam. The approach overcomes the limitations of the ISO 14067 method by including the environmental burdens from the paper mill’s processes. In 2018, the amount of GHG emitted from cradle to gate when producing a ton of carton box, writing paper, and tissue products ({\text{EF}}_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2eq}}}) was 1,366 kg CO2eq, 1,224 kg CO2eq, and 751 kg CO2eq, respectively. High energy intensity is identified as the main reason that causes high life cycle analysis (LCA) GHG emission factors and virgin paper-based products often emit higher LCA GHG amounts than recycled paper-based products. To reduce the emission, the Vietnamese paper mills should increase the use of recycled paper and replace fossil fuels with environmentally friendly energy resources.

Maltooligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase (MTHase) is an industrial enzyme for the production of trehalose. A DNA fragment of 1680 bp encoding for MTHase was cloned from Sulfobolus solfataricus DSM 1616 then fused with promoter acoA-amyE already amplified from pMSE3 vector by PCR to generate an expression cassette acoMTH. Afterward the cassette was inserted into pAC7 vector for expression of the gene in Bacillus subtilis WB800 – a conventional expression system. Gene MTH was inserted into the genome of B. subtilis WB800 by cross-exchange event of pAC7 vector with the host genome for expression of high quality and high quantity of extracellular recombinant protein. By crossing-exchange event at 3’amyE-5’amyE, the expressional cassette was integrated into B. subtilis WB800 genome. The expressional cassette was integrated into B. subtilis WB800 genome replacing 3’amyE-5’amyE, hindering the native amylase activity of the host. Expression of expected protein was confirmed by electrophoresis SDS-PAGE. From our results, it indicates that gene MTH was expressed successfully in B. subtilis WB800. After 0.5% acetoin induction for 48 h, the data showed that the protein with a molecular mass of ~64 kDa on SDS-PAGE was expressed. The level of recombinant protein in WBpAacoMTH was increased and reached 2.5%, 15.2% and 21.95%, respectively comparing with native B. subtilis WB800.

The Fe3O4/Talc nanocomposite was synthesized by the coprecipitation-ultrasonication method. The reaction was carried out under a inert gas environment. The nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and vibrating sample magnetometry techniques (VSM), the surface area of the nanoparticles was determined to be 77.92 m2/g by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET). The kinetic data showed that the adsorption process fitted with the pseudo-second order model. Batch experiments were carried out to determine the adsorption kinetics and mechanisms of Cr(VI) by Fe3O4/Talc nanocomposite. The adsorption process was found to be highly pH-dependent, which made the material selectively adsorb these metals from aqueous solution. The isotherms of adsorption were also studied using Langmuir and Freundlich equations in linear forms. It is found that the Langmuir equation showed better linear correlation with the experimental data than the Freundlich. The thermodynamics of Cr(VI) adsorption onto the Fe3O4/Talc nanocomposite indicated that the adsorption was exothermic. The reusability study has proven that Fe3O4/Talc nanocomposite can be employed as a low-cost and easy to separate.

In this work, a novel nanocomposite was prepared by filling cellulose nanopores with a classical ferroelectric of polycrystalline ammonium sulfate for clarifying its anomalous properties under nano...

This review focuses on the use of bromelain in various applications in animal products with the latest literature so that it can provide information on what parts of this enzyme can be applied. Bromelain is a protease enzyme found in stems (EC 3.4.22.32), leaves, crowns, fruit skins, fruit flesh (EC 3.4.22.33) and fruit tubers in pineapple. Bromelain has been exploited commercially in many applications in the food industry (baking industry), drinks industry (stabilizers in beer), tenders (meat), and pharmaceuticals (anti-tumorigenic agents). However, not all types of proteins can be hydrolyzed by bromelain, such as keratin which can only be hydrolyzed by keratinase, this is because the enzymes work specifically. In animal food products, bromelain is applied as a meat tenderizer, making of protein hydrolyzate products, cheese and also fish sauce product. The application of bromelain to animal food products has proven that hydrolyzed products using this enzyme can increase umami taste, which means that bromelain has great potential when applied to animal food products. Bromelain is useful in the processing of some animal food products because bromelain works specifically and is very active in animal protein such as milk, meat and collagen.

Mitochondrial metabolism plays an essential role in various biological processes of cancer cells. Herein, we established an experimental procedure for the metabolic assessment of mitochondria in cancer cells. We examined procedures for mitochondrial isolation coupled with various mitochondrial extraction buffers in three major cancer cell lines (PANC1, A549, and MDA-MB-231) and identified a potentially optimal and generalized approach. The purity of the mitochondrial fraction isolated by the selected protocol was verified using specific protein markers of cellular components, and the ultrastructure of the isolated mitochondria was also analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The isolation procedure, involving a bead beater for cell lysis, a modified sucrose buffer, and differential centrifugation, appeared to be a suitable method for the extraction of mitochondria from cancer cells. Electron micrographs indicated an intact two-layer membrane and inner structures of mitochondria isolated by this procedure. Metabolomic and lipidomic analyses were conducted to examine the metabolic phenotypes of the mitochondria-enriched fractions and associated bulk cancer cells. A total of 44 metabolites, including malate and succinate, occurred at significantly higher levels in the mitochondrial fractions, whereas 51 metabolites, including citrate, oxaloacetate, and fumarate of the Krebs cycle and the oncometabolites glutamine and glutamate, were reduced in mitochondria compared to that in the corresponding bulk cells of PANC1. Similar patterns were observed in mitochondria and bulk cells of MDA-MB-231 and A549 cell lines. A clear difference between the lipid profiles of bulk PANC1, MDA-MB-231, and A549 and corresponding mitochondrial fractions of these cell lines was detected by principal component analysis. In conclusion, we developed an experimental procedure for a large-scale metabolic assessment for suborganelle metabolic profiling and multiple omics data integration in cancer cells with broad applications.

The objective of this paper is to select a set of technological forming parameters including vertical feed Δz, feeding rate of Vxy of the tool (a kind of pestle but no-cutting edges), the diameter of tool D and the revolutions per minute of tool n to achieve the highest forming ability of aluminum sheet A1050 H14 (according to JIS G3101Japanese standard) when forming metal sheet by Single Point Incremental Forming Technology-SPIF. The content of the article consists of 3 processes: Pre-design of experiment (Pre-DOE) to select of a set of reasonable limited parameters when forming aluminum sheet A1050 H14 models when forming on the existent specialized SPIF machine in the National Key Laboratory of Digital Control and System Engineering laboratory (DCSELAB); Performing aluminum sheet A1050 H14 models on the Pre-DOE to obtain the forming angle values; Evaluating the experimental results by analysis of variance; Setting up the regression equation of the angle of deformability with influence parameters; Optimization the regression equation to select an optimal set of forming parameters to gain the highest deformability of aluminum sheet A1050 H14.

Background (including purposes): Periodontitis is a chronic bacterial infection destroying tooth supporting tissues. Although metronidazole exhibits a high effectiveness in the periodontitis treatment, its fast release and the usage frequency of several times per day can become obstacles for the local treatment. Therefore, nanotechnology is necessary to extend the duration of action and reduce the frequency of drug usage per day. The aim of this study was to formulate metronidazole nanoparticles by the nanoprecipitation method and to evaluate their physicochemical properties. Materials and methods: Metronidazole, Eudragit RS100 polymer were used in this study. Nanoparticles containing metronidazole were prepared by the nanoprecipitation method. The factors of the formulation and manufacturing process of nanoparticles containing metronidazole were investigated. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized in terms of the particle size, polydispersed index (PDI), encapsulation efficiency, etc. Results: The nanoparticles containing metronidazole were successfully prepared with the spherical shape, the particle size of 201.9 ± 5.6 nm, PDI of 0.092 ± 0.014, and entrapment efficiency of 46.28 ± 1.18%. These nanoparticles could prolong the drug release (53.45 ± 1.49% at 24 hours). The Korsmeyer-Peppas equation best described the release kinetics of the drug from metronidazole nanoparticles. Key words: Metronidazole, nanoparticle, periodontitis

Two new norlignans, pouzolignan N (1) and pouzolignan O (2), together with five known norlignans, pouzolignan F (3), pouzolignan G (4), pouzolignan H (5), pouzolignan L (6), and gnetifolin F (7) were isolated from the aerial parts of Pouzolzia sanguinea (Blume) Merr. Their chemical structures were elucidated via HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopic methods. Absolute configurations at stereocenters were confirmed by comparisons of CD spectra with those of TD-DFT calculations. Compounds 1–6 exhibited chemical structures unique to Pouzolzia species. At a concentration of 30 µM, compounds 1–7 exhibited weak cytotoxic activity toward CAL27 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines (cell viability from 65.3 ± 0.86 to 98.8 ± 1.23%). They also inhibited anoctamin-1 activity with inhibitory rates from 8.1 ± 0.87 to 24.3 ± 1.41%.

Two new neolignan sesquiterpenoids, chevalierinol A (1) and chevalierinol B (2), were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Magnolia chevalieri leaves, together with twelve known compounds (3–14). Their structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data including 1D, 2D and mass spectra and compared with the reported data. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10 were evaluated for their inhibitory effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 macrophage cells.

Background: Fibrinolytic enzymes, such as Nattokinases from Bacillus species are known to degrade the fibrin blood clots. They belong to serine protease group having commercial applications, such as therapeutic agents and functional food formulation. Objective: The present study reports some characteristics and fibrinolytic activity of serine protease from B. subtilis C10 strain that was isolated from shrimp shell. Method: Extracellular enzyme from B. subtilis C10 culture was harvested and partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation. Fibrinolytic activity of the enzyme was determined by zymography and measured by spectrophotometry with fibrinogen and thrombin used as substrates. The optimal temperature and pH for fibrinolytic activity were studied in the range of 31-43ºC and 5-10, respectively. The thermal and pH stability of enzyme was studied by incubating enzyme for 30 min in the same range of temperature and pH as above. The effect of some metal ions and reagents on fibrinolytic activity of enzyme was evaluated by concentrations of 5 mM and 5%, respectively. Results: Zymogram analysis indicated the presence of four fibrinolytic enzymes with molecular weights of approximately 69, 67, 39 and 36 kDa. The optimal temperature and pH for enzyme activity were 37°C and 9, respectively. The thermal and pH stability ranged from 35-39°C and 8-10, respectively. Fibrinolytic activity reached a maximum value of about 400 U/mg protein after 16 h of C10 strain culture. Enzyme has been drastically inhibited by PMSF and SDS, and partially inhibited by EDTA, while Triton X-100 has significantly increased enzyme activity. Effects of ions such as Mg2+, Ca2+ and Mn2+ on enzyme were negligible, except Cu2+ and Zn2+ have strongly decreased its activity. Conclusion: Results from the present study suggested that enzyme obtained from B. subtilis C10 could be serine protease that has a high fibrinolytic activity up to about 400 U/mg protein at the most appropriate temperature and pH of 37ºC and 9. This activity can be improved up to 142% by incubating enzyme with 5% Triton X-100 for 30 min.

In this study, seed oils of Thladiantha nudiflora and Thladiantha dubia were found to contain 55.5 and 44.4% mole of conjugated octadecatrienoic fatty acids, respectively. The presence of moieties of conjugated fatty acids was confirmed by a series from physical methods: UV, IR, 1H and 13C NMR. The triacylglycerols (TAGs) isolated of the seed oils were studied by RP-HPLC with diode array and mass spectrometric detections. It was shown that all 15 TAGs of Thladiantha dubia contain moieties of conjugated fatty acids - punicic, (9Z,11E,13Z)-octadeca-9,11,13-trienoic acid (35.6% mole) and 8.9% mole α-eleostearic, (9Z,11E,13E)-octadeca-9,11,13-trienoic acid. Meanwhile, 24 TAGs of Thladiantha nudiflora seed oil contain both acids in approximately equal proportions (27.4:28.2 % mole). The enrichment for polyunsaturated fatty acids of the hydrolysis product of the seed oils due to urea inclusion complex formation was discussed.

Flammability of polymer composite appears to be one of the greatest threats and hence limits its advanced applications. Polymer composite materials can be designed to obtain wide ranges of properties in comparison with traditional materials. However, almost common polymers include the intrinsic flammability, restricting their applications in spite of their flexibility and performance efficiency. In this study, a material based on epoxy Epikote 240 resin 90 phr and epoxidized linseed oil 10 phr was prepared. In order to improve the material's flame retardancy ability but maintain its mechanical strength, the mixture of flame retardants including 9 phr antimony trioxide and 11 phr chlorinated paraffins along with amin compounds as a curing agent were added into the material. In addition, E-glass woven fabric (E 600g/m2 ) was used to improve mechanical strength of the material. As a result, the material was considered as the flame- retardant material with LOI index to be 30.3%.

To meetout the growing consumer demand for cosmetic preparations that incorporate biologically active and natural ingredients, this study utilized lemongrass essential oil to create the main scent for body wash products in place of artificial fragrances on the market. Lemongrass essential oil is distilled by the method of hydrodistillation with the optimum yield of 0.29%. The process of developing a body wash formula is based on the survey of parameters affecting the product qualities. Multiple parameters including detergent, humectants, skin emollient, foaming agent, preservative, essential oil content were investigated. The product was evaluated based on the criteria of the foamability, the durability of the emulsion and the storage of samples in different storage conditions (room temperature, heat shock, acceleration). The results indicate that lemongrass essential oil body wash formulae are on par with some other shower gel products on the market, opening up the development trend for new research products to enter the market.