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Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) play a key role in the formation of anti-tumor immunity and, as studies have shown, can be one of the markers of treatment effectiveness and cancer prognosis. The aim was to study the subpopulation composition of the lymphoid infiltrate in early luminal breast cancer in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and its effect on achieving a pathological complete response (pCR). Materials and methods. We included 24 patients who received anthracycline-taxane-contain-ing preoperative chemotherapy. The subpopulation composition of TIL was assessed in core-biopsy samples before starting NACT in all patients; after treatment, the assessment was made on postoperative material. The analysis was carried out by flow cytometry. Clinical and immunological assessment was carried out for the following seven subpopulations of lymphocytes: CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD4+CD127+CD25+, CD3 CD19+ CD3CD16+CD56+, CD3+CD16+CD56+. Results. The incidence pCR was 16.7 %. It was revealed that the initial level before treatment of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD4+C-D127+CD25+, CD3-CD19+, CD3 CD16+CD56+, CD3+CD16+CD56+ lymphocytes did not differ depending on the stage of the disease (II or III), tumor subtype (luminal A/B) and Ki-67 level (up to 20, 20-39, 40 and more). No correlations were found between Ki-67 and TIL content. When conducting regression analysis, it was revealed that only the level of CD3+, CD3+CD8+ and CD19+ was a significant factor in achieving a pCR (p = 0.005). When an empirical subgroup was identified, which was characterized by a high content (above or equal to the median) of CD3+, CD3+CD8+ and low (below the median) CD19+ (four observations), the frequency of pCR reached 75 %. Conclusion. Thus, the initial level of T-lymphocytes (CD3+, CD3+CD8+) and B-lymphocytes (CD19+) in the tumor, regardless of the stage of the disease, tumor subtype, ki-67 index, was a predictor of high sensitivity to neoadjuvant chemotherapy of luminal breast cancer and was associated with higher frequency of pCR.

For the first time, ultra-high-density polyethylene (UHDPE) samples impregnated with antibacterial unsymmetrical disulfides (allyl benzothiazol-2-yl disulfide and allyl 8-quinolyl disulfide) were obtained in subcritical freon R22 in the absence of organic solvents as modifiers. Freon R22 was completely removed from the impregnated samples that provided a high purity of the final material. Potential implants based on the UHDPE impregnated with unsymmetrical disulfides were shown to manifest antibacterial and antifungal activity.

The method of impregnation of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with amoxicillin in subcritical Freon R22 media is developed. For the first time, the possibility of polymer impregnation with a polar substance (a standard antibiotic amoxicillin) in the absence of cosolvents is shown. Cosolvents increase the polarity of the medium and removal of them from the polymer matrix is usually a serious problem. Amoxicillin desorption curves from the impregnated UHMWPE samples are obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Polymeric samples impregnated with amoxicillin are active against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. faecalis, B. subtilis, and E. coli, allowing them to be considered as real implant models for replacement of bone tissue.

The possibility of sterilization of porous ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene in subcritical Freons R22 and R410a in the absence of modifiers is for the first time demonstrated. The maximum sterilization effect is achieved when sterilization with Freon R410a is performed in static conditions for 30 min at 50°С and 250 bar or with Freon R22 for 60 min at 70°С and cyclically varied pressure within 100–290 bar (press–depress mode).

In recent years, there is a persistent increase in the spread of community-acquired infections and medical care associated infections, the cause of which is S. aureus. Previously using liquid chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, spectrum of having protective activity S. aureus № 6 proteins with a molecular weight of 30 - 50 kDa, secreted into the culture medium at the end of the exponential growth phase, was investigated. 11 proteins were identified from indicated peptides and preliminary results of the protective activity of the secreted protein-based substances (SPS), marked as «initial», were obtained. While its fractionation with ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose, the protective fraction - II SPS - was obtained. Its hypodermic immunization leads to reduction of kidney inoculation, and to kidney abscess formation, compared to the control, during the generalized infection of mice BALB/c, developing as a result of retro-orbital injection of sublethal dose S. aureus. Aim. investigation the protective extracellular proteome II SPS S. aureus № 6. Material and methods. LC-MS analysis of the received data was carried out by comparing the detected mass-spectrum protein IISPS with the results of proteomic study of the virulent strain of S. aureus Newman widely used in researches. More than 100 interacting protein clusters were identified for certain using various databases. Results. During analysis main attention was paid to 46 identified proteins involved in various biological processes. Thus, the largest group (19 proteins) is composed of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes, eight of which are involved in key stages of glycolysis; 6 proteins are related to pathogenicity factors (including clamping factors A and B, gaptoglobin-adhesive surface protein) and 4 proteins are related to stress ones. The remaining 17 proteins represent a large group of proteins involved in various metabolic and biosynthetic processes. Conclusion. The received results confirmed the data of other researchers on the identification of a large number of secreted proteins of S. aureus and on their low coincidence with secreted from clinical isolates. This demonstrates the validity of the postulate of the plasticity of the S. aureus genome affecting the exoproteome profile that largely determines the difficulties in creation of effective anti-staphylococcal vaccines.

In the present work dispersion-strengthened nanocomposites based on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) after mechanical activation were studied. Mechanical activation was performed for hardening of the boundaries between the polymer particles, reducing the fusion defects and increasing of wear-resistance. Three types of samples were prepared: UHMWPE, UHMWPE/Al2O3 nanocomposite and UHMWPE/Al2O3 nanocomposite after mechanical activation. UHMWPE/Al2O3 nanocomposites prepared with mechanical activation show the best mechanical properties in compression and higher wear-resistance. UHMWPE/Al2O3 nanocomposites prepared with mechanical activation were chosen for in vivo study by orthotopical transplantation in rats. Animals' activity has been being monitored for 60days after surgery. No signs of inflammation, cellular infiltration, destruction of material or bone-cartilage defect were found. Implanted sample has not changed its position of implantation, there were no any shifts. Obtained data shows that UHMWPE-based nanocomposite is a promising material for creating bioimplants for cartilage defect replacement.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate mechanical properties, microstructure and biocompatibility of nano-compounds obtained by mechanical activation of UHMWPE powder and several types of particulate fillers in a planetary ball mill. The effect of particle shape and concentration of Al2O3 on properties of the composite was investigated. The effectiveness of reinforcing a polyethylene matrix by mechanoactivated alumina in the form of nanopowder or microspheres was shown. Reinforcing of the polymer by nanoparticles significantly improves wear-resistance. No signs of blood serum fibrin deposition on the surface of the samples were observed. Also no signs of pathological changes in physiology or anatomy were noticed on the animals with implanted samples. UHMWPE-based composites obtained by mechanical activation and hot pressing and filled with ceramic particles can be used as a biocompatible material for the replacement of cartilage.

Proteins released into the culture medium by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strain 6 were determined at the end of the exponential growth phase (4.5 h). Eleven proteins were identified by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Three proteins were predicted to have signal peptides indicating their extracellular localization. The other proteins were presumably located in the cytoplasm of the bacteria. Five out of the 11 proteins were involved in carbo- hydrate metabolism. Other intracellular proteins of S. aureus were not detected in the culture medium. This indicates that the release of these 11 proteins was specific and that unspecific protein release due to damaged or dying bacteria did not play a role. It is suggested that enzymes associated with carbohy- drate metabolism may provide the energy necessary for the transition of bacteria from a resting to a proliferative state. Another enzyme released by S. aureus, superoxide dismutase, may catalyze redox reactions in this context. The production of other proteolytic enzymes and toxins may take place at later stages of bacterial growth. A cocktail of these 11 proteins was used for the immunization of mice. Indeed, vaccination with these proteins prolonged the survival times of mice upon infection with S. aureus strain 6. Therefore, these proteins may have implications for the development of novel strategies for the prevention and therapy of S. aureus infections.

Phenyl, p-tolyl, and p-tert-butylphenyl β-1-thio-N-acetylglucosaminides were synthesized by the treatment of thiophenols with peracetate of α-D-glucosaminyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine or under the conditions of phase-transfer catalysis with quaternary ammonium salts. The compounds synthesized were used for obtaining of glycosides of 4,6-O-isopropylidene-N-acetylmuramic acid, which were coupled with L-Ala-D-Glu(NH2)-OBzl and then deprotected to obtain the target aryl β-thioglycosides of N-acetylmuramyl-L-analyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP). The aryl β-thioglycosides of MDP were found to stimulate an antibacterial resistance toward Staphylococcus aureus in mice. The reliable induction of the spontaneous activity of natural killers in the population of blood mononuclear cells was observed only for phenyl β-thio-MDP at a dose of 200 µg/ml.

Symmetric secondary linear alcohols were proposed as aglycones for the synthesis of lipophilic glycosides of β-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP). Pentadecan-8-ol, nonadecan-10-ol, and tricosan-12-ol were glycosylated by the oxazoline method. Based on the corresponding glucosaminides, alkyl β-glycosides of 4,6-O-isopropylidene-N-acetylmuramic acid were synthesized and coupled with the dipeptide. Deprotection of isopropylidene groups by acidic hydrolysis and catalytic hydrogenolysis of benzyl esters resulted in the target muramyldipeptide glycosides. Nonadecan-10-yl and tricosan-12-yl β-MDPs at doses 2 μg/mice most effectively stimulated antibacterial resistance in mice against Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast to the previously synthesized undecan-6-yl β-MDP, pentadecan-8-yl, nonadecan-10-yl, and tricosan-12-yl β-MDPs demonstrated direct cytotoxicity toward tumor cells K-562 and blood mononuclear cells.

Thoracic, peritoneal and pericardial cavities are lined with serous membranes (pleura, pericardium, peritoneum). Serous membrane is a smooth membrane consisting of a thin layer of mesothelial cells attached to the surface of a thin layer of collagenous tissue cells. Pleural cavity makes an enclosed space between visceral and parietal pleura. The peritoneum is a smooth translucent membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. Pericardium is a cardiac sac, presented by a closed two-layer fibrous sac, which surrounds the heart covering almost all the cardiac surface and extending onto the large blood vessels. The effusion of serous cavities includes various cells, such as macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, as well as mast cells, plasmatic and mesothelial cells. Serous membranes have defensive function as a serosal-hemolymphatic barrier and form an elastic smooth lubricated surface that supports organ movement.